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Glossary
Alarm Source Object. The source of an alarm, for example, either a physical alarm or a logical alarm.
A feature of AT&T ISDN service whereby the user can automatically request caller ID from the network even when caller ID does not exist.
Automatic Number Identification. A service that identifies the phone number of the calling party.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
A function that returns immediately to the application and returns a completion/termination at some future time. An asynchronous function allows the current thread to continue processing while the function is running.
Classification for functions that operate without blocking other functions.
Typically terminates immediately, returns control to the application and does not cause a call state transition.
A call control library configured to be recognized by the Global Call API and successfully started by the Global Call gc_Start( ) function.
A bearer channel used in ISDN interfaces. This circuit-switched, digital channel can carry voice or data at 64,000 bits/second in either direction
A field in an ISDN call setup message that specifies the speed at which data can be transmitted over an ISDN line.
Dialing without waiting for dial tone detection.
The condition of a line device initially when it is opened and after a GCEV_BLOCKED event has been received on that line device. When a line device is in a blocked condition, the application can only perform a limited subset of the Global Call commands on that line device. Call related functions may not be called with the exception of gc_DropCall( ), gc_ReleaseCall( ) and gc_ReleaseCallEx( ). Non-call related functions are generally allowed. See also "unblocked" below.
An alarm that causes a GCEV_BLOCKED event to be sent to the application. When the application receives a GCEV_BLOCKED event, the line device is blocked which means only a limited subset of the Global Call commands are available to the application.
Bandwidth ON Demand INteroperability Group - an inverse-multiplexing method used to combine multiple channels into a single, coherent channel.
a process used to automatically determine what happened after an outbound call is dialed. Call analysis monitors the progress of an outbound call after dialing and provides information to allow the application to process the call based on the status of the call. Call analysis can determine 1) if the line is answered and, in many cases, how the line is answered, 2) if the line rings but is not answered, 3) if the line is busy or 4) the problem in completing the call.
the process of setting up a call and call tear-down.
A collection of routines that interact directly with a network interface. These libraries are used by the Global Call functions to implement network specific commands and communications.
a tone sent from the PTT to tell the calling party the progress of the call, (for example, a dial tone, busy tone, or ringback tone). The PTT's can provide additional tones, such as a confirmation tone, splash tone or a reminder tone, to indicate a feature in use.
A number assigned by the Global Call library to identify a call on a specific line device.
Call processing stages in the application.
Channel Associated Signaling. Signaling protocols in which the signaling bits for each time slot are in a fixed location with respect to the framing. In E-1 systems, time slot 16 is dedicated to signaling for all 30 voice channels (time slots). The time slot the signaling corresponds to is determined by the frame number within the multiframe and whether it's the high or low nibble of time slot 16. In T-1 systems, the signaling is also referred to as robbed-bit signaling, where the least significant bit of each time slot is used for the signaling bits during specific frames.
Conference des Administrations Europeenes des Postes et Telecommunications. A collection of groups that set European telecommunications standards.
Transmission of next signal is held until acknowledgement of the receipt of the previous signal is received at the transmitting end.
A call control library supported by the Global Call API.
Country Dependent Parameter; see the Global Call Country Dependent (CDP) Reference for details.
The data channel in an ISDN interface that carries control signals and customer call data in packets. This information is used to control transmission of data on associated B channels.
Programming term for a data element consisting of fields, where each field may have a different definition and length. A group of data structure elements usually share a common purpose or functionality.
numerical reference to a device, obtained when a device is opened. This handle is used for all operations on that device. See also Call Reference Number.
string of Direct Dialing In digits that identifies a called number.
DLL (Dynamically Linked Library) (Windows):
a sequence of instructions, dynamically linked at runtime and loaded into memory when they are needed. These libraries can be shared by several processes.
Any computer peripheral or component that is controlled through a software device driver.
An IntelŪ DialogicŪ data path that processes one incoming or outgoing call at a time. Compare time slot.
Designates a bi-directional transfer of data for a single time slot of a T-1 or an E-1 digital frame between a T-1/E-1 device that connects to the digital service and the SCbus. Digitized information from the T-1/E-1 device is sent to the SCbus over the digital transmit channel. The response to this call is sent from the SCbus to the T-1/E-1 device over the digital receive (listen) channel.
Dialed Number Identification Service. A feature of 800 lines that allows a system with multiple 800 lines in its queue to access the 800 number the caller dialed. Also provides caller party number information.
Digital Private Network Signaling System. An E-1 primary rate protocol used in Europe to pass calls transparently between PBXs.
A software module that provides a defined interface between a program and the hardware.
1. A process where the information carried by a transmission system is demodulated (dropped) at an intermediate point and different information is entered (inserted) for subsequent transmission. 2. A configuration in which two network interface resources are connected via an internal bus, such as the SCbus, to connect calls from one network interface to the other. A call from one network interface can be dropped to a resource, such as a voice resource, for processing. In return, the resource can insert signaling and audio and retransmit this new bit stream via the internal bus and connect the call to a different channel. Drop and insert configurations provide the ability to access an operator or another call.
E-1 line using Channel Associated Signaling. In CAS, one of the 32 channels (time slot 16) is dedicated to signaling for all of the 30 voice channels.
Another name given to the CEPT digital telephony format devised by the CCITT that carries data at the rate of 2.048 Mbps (DS-1 level).
Mode where the setup message contains all the information required by the network to process the call, such as the called party address information.
An unsolicited communication from a hardware device to an operating system, application, or driver. Events are generally attention-getting messages, allowing a process to know when a task is complete or when an external event occurs.
For Windows environments, the extended asynchronous (multithread asynchronous) model extends the features of the asynchronous model with the extended functions, sr_WaitEvtEx( ) and gc_GetMetaEventEx( ). These extended functions allow an application to run different threads, wherein each thread handles the events from a different device.
A call control library configured to be recognized by the Global Call API and which did not successfully start when the Global Call gc_Start( ) function was issued.
when an inbound call arrives while an outbound call is in the process of being setup, a glare condition occurs. Unless the protocol specifies otherwise, the incoming call takes precedence over the outbound call.
A unified, high-level API that shields developers from the low-level signaling protocol details that differ in countries around the world. Allows the same application to easily work on multiple signaling systems worldwide (for example, ISDN, T-1 robbed bit, R2/MF, pulsed, SS7, IP H.323 etc.).
International Alphabet No. 5 (defined by CCITT).
The Interface Control Application Programming Interface. Provides a device specific telephony and signaling interface for the Global Call API to control IntelŪ Dialogic network interface boards using T-1 robbed bit or E-1 CAS signaling schemes. Also the name of a call control library configured for Global Call. This library cannot be accessed directly.
Used by the ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) protocol to transfer information. Each IE transfers information in a standard format defined by CCITT standard Q.931.
Integrated Services Digital Network:
Integrated Services Digital Network. An internationally accepted standard for voice, data, and signaling that provides users with integrated services using digital encoding at the user-network interface. Also the name of a call control library configured for Global Call.
Link Access Protocol Balanced.
Link Access Protocol on the D channel.
(LDID) A unique number that is assigned to a specific device or device group by Global Call.
Functions that allow the software to perform concurrent operations. After being initiated, multitasking functions return control to the application so that during the time it takes the function to complete, the application program can perform other operations, such as servicing a call on another line device. When using the MS-DOS operating system, Global Call multitasking functions operate in the same manner as asynchronous functions.
SRL device handle associated with a network interface board or time slot; equivalent to the device handle returned from the network library's dt_open( ) function.
Any device or group of devices that interface with the telephone network. Network resources include digital (E-1 CAS, T-1 robbed bit, and ISDN) network interface devices. Network resources are assigned to telephone lines (calls) on a dedicated or a shared resource basis. Network resources control the signal handling required to manage incoming calls from the network and the outgoing calls to the network.
Non-Call Associated Signal - allows users to communicate by user-to-user signaling without setting up a circuit-switched connection (this signal does not occupy B channel bandwidth). A temporary signaling connection is established and cleared in a manner similar to the control of a circuit-switch connection. Since NCAS calls are not associated with any B channel, applications receive and transmit NCAS calls on the D channel line device. Once the NCAS connection is established, the application can transmit user-to-user messages using the CRN associated with the NCAS call. An ISDN feature that supports the 5ESS protocol.
Network Facility Associated Signal:
Network Facility Associated Signal - allows multiple spans to be controlled by a single D channel subaddressing.
Network Specific Information message.
Network Terminator - the connector at either end of an ISDN link that converts the two-wire ISDN circuit interface to four wires.
A state in which no call is assigned to the device (line or time slot).
a condition of waiting for additional information about the called party number (destination number).
The IntelŪ Dialogic Protocol Development Kit Run Time call control library. Provides a device specific telephony and signaling interface for the Global Call API to control IntelŪ Dialogic network interface boards using T-1 robbed bit or E-1 CAS signaling schemes. A call control library configured for Global Call.
a form of multitasking wherein the execution of one thread or process can be suspended by the operating system to allow another thread to execute. Windows uses preemptive multitasking to support multiple simultaneous processes.
Primary Rate Interface - interface at the ends of high-volume trunks linking CO facilities and ISDN network switches to each other. A T-1 ISDN PRI transmits 23 B channels (voice/data channels) and one D channel (signaling channel), each at 64 Kbps. An E-1 ISDN PRI transmits 30 B channels, one D channel and one framing channel (synchronization channel), each at 64 Kbps. A standard digital telecommunication service, available in many countries and most of the United States, that allows the transfer of voice and data over T-1 or E-1 trunks.
(1) an executing application comprising a private virtual address space, code, data and other operating system resources, such as files, pipes and synchronization objects that are visible to the process. A process contains one or more threads that run in the context of the process. (2) is the address space where the sequence of executable instructions is loaded. A process in Windows consists of blocks of code in memory loaded from executables and dynamically linked libraries (DLL). Each process has its own 4 GB address space and owns resources such as threads, files and dynamically allocated memory. Code in the address space for a process is executed by a thread. Each process comprises at least one thread which is the component that Windows actually schedules for execution. When an application is launched, Windows starts a process and a primary thread. Windows processes: 1). are implemented as objects and accessed using object services; 2). can have multiple threads executing in their address space; 3). have built-in synchronization for both process objects and thread objects. Unlike other operating systems, Windows does not use a parent/child relationship with the processes it creates.
Protocol State Information file used by the PDKRT to define a specific protocol.
see Public Switched Telephone Network.
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN):
Refers to the worldwide telephone network accessible to all those with either a telephone or access privileges.
An international signaling system that is used in Europe, South America and the Far East to permit the transmission of numerical and other information relating to the called and calling subscribers' lines.
Accepting or taking digitized information transmitted by another device.
Describes the reason for an event.
Signal Computing bus. Third generation TDM (Time Division Multiplexed) resource sharing bus that allows information to be transmitted and received among resources over multiple data lines. A hardwired connection between Switch Handlers (SC2000 chips) on SCbus-based products for transmitting information over 1024 time slots to all devices connected to the SCbus.
Signal Computing System Architecture. An open-hardware and software standard architecture that incorporates virtually every other standard in PC-based switching. SCSA describes the components and specifies the interfaces for a signal processing system. SCSA describes all elements of the system architecture from the electrical characteristics of the SCbus and SCxbus to the high level device programming interfaces. All signaling is out of band. In addition, SCSA offers time slot bundling and allows for scalability.
Site Dependent Parameter file used by the PDKRT. Protocol configuration parameters that are user modifible for a specific installation site.
Special Information Tone (SIT):
Detection of an SIT sequence indicates an operator intercept or other problem in completing a call.
SRL (Standard Runtime Library):
A IntelŪ Dialogic library that contains C functions common to all IntelŪ Dialogic devices, a data structure to support application development, and a common interface for event handling.
A call transfer in which the person transferring the call stays on the line, announces the call, and consults with the party to whom the call is being transferred before the transfer is completed.
Synchronous functions block an application or process until the required task is successfully completed or a failed/error message is returned.
Windows executive objects used to synchronize the execution of one or more threads. These objects allow one thread to wait for the completion of another thread and enable the completed thread to signal its completion to any waiting thread(s). Threads in Windows are scheduled according to their priority level (31 levels are available) and run until one of the following occurs: 1) its maximum allocated execution time is exceeded, 2) a higher priority thread marked as waiting becomes waiting or 3) the running thread decides to wait for an event or an object.
programming characterized by functions that run uninterrupted to completion. Synchronous functions block an application or process until the required task is successfully completed or a failed/error message is returned.
A digital line transmitting at 1.544 Mbps over 2 pairs of twisted wires. Designed to handle a minimum of 24 voice conversations or channels, each conversation digitized at 64 Kbps. T-1 is a digital transmission standard in North America.
A T-1 digital line using robbed bit signaling. In T-1 robbed bit signaling systems, typically the least significant bit in every sixth frame of each of the 24 time slots is used for carrying dialing and control information. The signaling combinations are typically limited to ringing, hang up, wink and pulse digit dialing.
Terminal Endpoint Identifier (see Recommendations Q.920 and Q.921).
An event that causes a process to stop.
Global Call events returned to the application to terminate function calls.
The executable instructions stored in the address space of a process that the operating system actually executes. All processes have at least one thread, but no thread belongs to more than one process. A multithreaded process has more than one thread that are executed seemingly simultaneously. When the last thread finishes its task, then the process terminates. The main thread is also referred to as a primary thread; both main and primary thread refer to the first thread started in a process. A thread of execution is just a synonym for thread.
In a digital telephony environment, a normally continuous and individual communication (for example, someone speaking on a telephone) is (1) digitized, (2) broken up into pieces consisting of a fixed number of bits, (3) combined with pieces of other individual communications in a regularly repeating, timed sequence (multiplexed), and (4) transmitted serially over a single telephone line. The process happens at such a fast rate that, once the pieces are sorted out and put back together again at the receiving end, the speech is normal and continuous. Each individual pieced-together communication is called a time slot.
Same as a voice resource except that a tone resource cannot perform voice store and forward functions.
Sending or broadcasting of digitized information by a device.
Two B Channel Transfer (TBCT):
Connects two independent B Channel calls at an ISDN PRI user's interface to each other at the PBX or CO. The ISDN PRI user sends a Facility message to the PBX or CO requesting that the two B Channel calls be connected. If accepted, the user is released from the calls.
An event that occurs without prompting (for example, GCEV_BLOCKED, GCEV_UNBLOCKED, etc.).
The condition of a line device such that an application can perform any valid function on the line device, for example, wait for a call or make a call. By default, when a line device is first opened, it is in the blocked condition. The application receives a GCEV_UNBLOCKED event to indicate that the line device has moved to an unblocked condition from a previously blocked condition. See also "blocked" above.
A transfer in which the call is transferred without any consultation or announcement by the person transferring the call.
User-to-User Information. Proprietary messages sent to remote system during call establishment.
Service bureaus can vary the billing rate of a 900 call at any time during the call. Callers select services from a voice-automated menu and each service can be individually priced.
Designates a bi-directional transfer of data for a single call between a voice device processing that call and the SCbus. Digitized voice from the T-1/E-1 interface device is transmitted over the SCbus to the voice receive (listen) channel for processing by the voice device. The voice device sends the response to the call over the voice transmit channel to an SCbus time slot that transmits this response to the T-1/E-1 interface device.
SRL device handle associated with a voice channel; equivalent to the device handle returned from the voice library's dx_open( ) function.
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