Version: 9.4.27.v20200227 |

Common Jetty Configuration
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## Common Jetty Configuration

### Creating a new Jetty Base

The `demo-base` directory described earlier is an example of the `jetty.base` mechanism. A Jetty base directory allows the configuration and web applications of a server instance to be stored separately from the Jetty distribution, so that upgrades can be done with minimal disruption. Jetty’s default configuration is based on two properties:

jetty.home
  The property that defines the location of the Jetty distribution, its libs, default modules and default XML files (typically start.jar, lib, etc).
jetty.base
  The property that defines the location of a specific implementation of a Jetty server, its configuration, logs and web applications (typically start.d/*.ini files, logs and webapps).

> ### Important

> Your Jetty Home directory should be treated as a standard of truth and remain unmodified or changed. Changes or additions to your configuration should take place in the Jetty Base directory.

The `jetty.home` and `jetty.base` properties may be explicitly set on the command line, or they can be inferred from the environment if used with commands like:

    > cd $JETTY_BASE
    > java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar

The following commands create a new base directory, enables both the HTTP connector and the web application deployer modules, and copies a demo webapp to be deployed:

    > JETTY_BASE=/tmp/mybase
    > mkdir $JETTY_BASE
    > cd $JETTY_BASE
    > java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar

    WARNING: Nothing to start, exiting ...

    Usage: java -jar start.jar [options] [properties] [configs]
           java -jar start.jar --help  # for more information

    > java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --create-startd
    INFO : Base directory was modified
    > java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --add-to-start=http,deploy

    INFO: server          initialised (transitively) in ${jetty.base}/start.d/server.ini
    INFO: http            initialised in ${jetty.base}/start.d/http.ini
    INFO: security        initialised (transitively) in ${jetty.base}/start.d/security.ini
    INFO: servlet         initialised (transitively) in ${jetty.base}/start.d/servlet.ini
    INFO: webapp          initialised (transitively) in ${jetty.base}/start.d/webapp.ini
    INFO: deploy          initialised in ${jetty.base}/start.d/deploy.ini
    MKDIR: ${jetty.base}/webapps
    INFO: Base directory was modified

    > cp $JETTY_HOME/demo-base/webapps/async-rest.war webapps/ROOT.war
    > java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar

    2015-06-04 11:10:16.286:INFO::main: Logging initialized @274ms
    2015-06-04 11:10:16.440:INFO:oejs.Server:main: jetty-9.3.0.v20150601
    2015-06-04 11:10:16.460:INFO:oejdp.ScanningAppProvider:main: Deployment monitor [file:///tmp/mybase/webapps/] at interval 1
    2015-06-04 11:10:16.581:WARN::main: async-rest webapp is deployed. DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION!
    2015-06-04 11:10:16.589:INFO:oejw.StandardDescriptorProcessor:main: NO JSP Support for /, did not find org.eclipse.jetty.jsp.JettyJspServlet
    2015-06-04 11:10:16.628:INFO:oejsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.e.j.w.WebAppContext@1a407d53{/,[file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-ROOT.war-_-any-4510228025526425427.dir/webapp/, jar:file:///tmp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-ROOT.war-_-any-4510228025526425427.dir/webapp/WEB-INF/lib/example-async-rest-jar-9.4.27.v20200227.jar!/META-INF/resources],AVAILABLE}{/ROOT.war}
    2015-06-04 11:10:16.645:INFO:oejs.ServerConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@3abbfa04{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8080}
    2015-06-04 11:10:16.646:INFO:oejs.Server:main: Started @634ms

### Changing the Jetty Port

You can configure Jetty to run on a different port by setting the `jetty.http.port` property on the command line:

    > cd $JETTY_BASE
    > java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar jetty.http.port=8081
    ...

When the server starts, it will now run on port `8081`. It is important to note that setting properties on the command line will only take affect for that instance of the server. To change the configuration so that the server will always start on the desired port, you will need to edit the `start.d/http.ini`

> ### Note

> The configuration by properties works via the following chain:

> - The `start.d/http.ini` file is part of the effective command line and contains the `--module=http` argument which activates the http module.
> - The `modules/http.mod` file defines the http module which specifies the `etc/jetty-http.xml` configuration file and the template ini properties it uses.
> - The `jetty.http.port` property is used by the Property XML element in `etc/jetty.http.xml` to inject the `ServerConnector` instance with the port.

> For more information see the Quickstart Configuration Guide and Configuring Connectors.

### Adding SSL for HTTPS & HTTP2

Building on the example above, we can activate additional modules to add support HTTPS and HTTP2 for the server. To add HTTPS and HTTP2 connectors to a Jetty configuration, the modules can be activated by the following command:

    > java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --add-to-start=https,http2

    ALERT: There are enabled module(s) with licenses.
    The following 1 module(s):
     + contains software not provided by the Eclipse Foundation!
     + contains software not covered by the Eclipse Public License!
     + has not been audited for compliance with its license

     Module: alpn-impl/alpn-8
      + ALPN is a hosted at github under the GPL v2 with ClassPath Exception.
      + ALPN replaces/modifies OpenJDK classes in the sun.security.ssl package.
      + http://github.com/jetty-project/jetty-alpn
      + http://openjdk.java.net/legal/gplv2+ce.html

    Proceed (y/N)? y
    INFO  : alpn-impl/alpn-1.8.0_92 dynamic dependency of alpn-impl/alpn-8
    INFO  : alpn            transitively enabled, ini template available with --add-to-start=alpn
    INFO  : alpn-impl/alpn-8 dynamic dependency of alpn
    INFO  : http2           initialized in ${jetty.base}/start.d/http2.ini
    INFO  : https           initialized in ${jetty.base}/start.d/https.ini
    INFO  : ssl             transitively enabled, ini template available with --add-to-start=ssl
    MKDIR : ${jetty.base}/lib/alpn
    DOWNLD: https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/mortbay/jetty/alpn/alpn-boot/8.1.8.v20160420/alpn-boot-8.1.8.v20160420.jar to ${jetty.base}/lib/alpn/alpn-boot-8.1.8.v20160420.jar
    MKDIR : ${jetty.base}/etc
    COPY  : ${jetty.home}/modules/ssl/keystore to ${jetty.base}/etc/keystore
    INFO  : Base directory was modified

    > java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar
    [...]
    2017-05-22 12:48:23.271:INFO:oejs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@134d0064{SSL,[ssl, alpn, h2, http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:8443}
    [...]

The `--add-to-start` command sets up the effective command line in the ini files to run an ssl connection that supports the HTTPS and HTTP2 protocols as follows:

- transitively enabled the `ssl` module that configures an SSL connector (eg port, keystore etc.) by adding `etc/jetty-ssl.xml` and `etc/jetty-ssl-context.xml` to the effective command line.
- transitively enabled the `alpn` module that configures protocol negotiation on the SSL connector by adding `etc/jetty-alpn.xml` to the effective command line.
- creates `start.d/https.ini` that configures the HTTPS protocol on the SSL connector by adding `etc/jetty-https.xml` to the effective command line.
- creates `start.d/http2.ini` that configures the HTTP/2 protocol on the SSL connector by adding `etc/jetty-http2.xml` to the effective command line.
- checks for the existence of a `etc/keystore` file and if not present, downloads a demonstration keystore file.

#### Changing the Jetty HTTPS Port

You can configure the SSL connector to run on a different port by setting the `jetty.ssl.port` property on the command line:

    > cd $JETTY_BASE
    > java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar jetty.ssl.port=8444

Alternatively, property values can be added to the effective command line built from the `start.ini` file or `start.d/*.ini` files, depending on your set up. Please see the section on Start.ini vs. Start.d for more information.

### More start.jar Options

The job of the `start.jar` is to interpret the command line, `start.ini` and `start.d` directory (and associated .ini files) to build a Java classpath and list of properties and configuration files to pass to the main class of the Jetty XML configuration mechanism. The `start.jar` mechanism has many options which are documented in the Chapter 9, Starting Jetty administration section and you can see them in summary by using the command:

    > java -jar $JETTY_HOME/start.jar --help

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