Version: 9.4.27.v20200227 |

SPNEGO Support
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## SPNEGO Support

Simple and Protected GSSAPI Negotiation Mechanism (SPNEGO) is a way for users to be seamlessly authenticated when running on a Windows or Active Directory based network. Jetty supports this type of authentication and authorization through the JDK (which has been enabled since the later versions of Java 6 and 7). Also important to note is that this is an incredibly fragile setup where everything needs to be configured just right for things to work, otherwise it can fail in fun and exciting, not to mention obscure, ways.

There is a substantial amount of configuration and testing required to enable this feature as well as knowledge and access to central systems on a Windows network such as the Active Domain Controller and the ability to create and maintain service users.

### Configuring Jetty and SPNEGO

To run with SPNEGO enabled the following command line options are required:

    -Djava.security.krb5.conf=/path/to/jetty/etc/krb5.ini \
    -Djava.security.auth.login.config=/path/to/jetty/etc/spnego.conf \
    -Djavax.security.auth.useSubjectCredsOnly=false

For debugging the SPNEGO authentication the following options are very helpful:

    -Dorg.eclipse.jetty.LEVEL=debug \
    -Dsun.security.spnego.debug=all

SPNEGO Authentication must be enabled in the webapp in the following way. The name of the role will be different for your network.

     <security-constraint>
       <web-resource-collection>
         <web-resource-name>Secure Area</web-resource-name>
         <url-pattern>/secure/me/*</url-pattern>
       </web-resource-collection>
       <auth-constraint>
         <!-- this is the domain that the user is a member of -->
         <role-name>MORTBAY.ORG</role-name>
       </auth-constraint>
     </security-constraint>
     <login-config>
       <auth-method>SPNEGO</auth-method>
       <realm-name>Test Realm</realm-name>
       <!-- optionally to add custom error page -->
       <spnego-login-config>
         <spnego-error-page>/loginError.html?param=foo</spnego-error-page>
       </spnego-login-config>
     </login-config>

A corresponding `UserRealm` needs to be created either programmatically if embedded, via the `jetty.xml` or in a context file for the webapp.

This is what the configuration within a Jetty xml file would look like.

      <Call name="addBean">
         <Arg>
           <New class="org.eclipse.jetty.security.SpnegoLoginService">
             <Set name="name">Test Realm</Set>
             <Set name="config"><Property name="jetty.home" default="."/>/etc/spnego.properties</Set>
           </New>
         </Arg>
       </Call>

This is what the configuration within a context xml file would look like.

     <Get name="securityHandler">
       <Set name="loginService">
         <New class="org.eclipse.jetty.security.SpnegoLoginService">
           <Set name="name">Test Realm</Set>
           <Set name="config">
            <SystemProperty name="jetty.home" default="."/>/etc/spnego.properties
          </Set>
         </New>
       </Set>
       <Set name="checkWelcomeFiles">true</Set>
     </Get>

There are a number of important configuration files with S3pnego that are required. The default values for these configuration files from this test example are found in the `/etc` folder of the Jetty distribution.

spnego.properties
  configures the user realm with runtime properties
krb5.ini
  configures the underlying kerberos setup
spnego.conf
  configures the glue between gssapi and kerberos

It is important to note that the keytab file referenced in the `krb5.ini` and the `spnego.conf` files needs to contain the keytab for the `targetName` for the http server. To do this use a process similar to this:

On the Windows Active Domain Controller run:

    $ setspn -A HTTP/linux.mortbay.org ADUser

To create the keytab file use the following process:

    $ ktpass -out c:\dir\krb5.keytab -princ HTTP/linux.mortbay.org@MORTBAY.ORG -mapUser ADUser -mapOp set -pass ADUserPWD -crypto RC4-HMAC-NT -pType KRB5_NT_PRINCIPAL

This step will give you the keytab file which should then be copied to the machine running the http server and referenced from the configuration files. For our testing we put the keytab into the `/etc` directory of Jetty and referenced it from there.

### Configuring Firefox

The follows steps have been required to inform Firefox that it should use a negotiation dialog to authenticate.

1. Browse to about:config and agree to the warnings
2. Search through to find the network settings
3. Set `network.negotiate-auth.delegation-uris` to http://,https://
4. Set `network.negotiate-auth.trusted-uris` to http://,https://

### Configuring Internet Explorer

The follows steps have been required to inform Internet Explorer that it should use a negotiation dialog to authenticate.

1. Tools → Options → Security → Local Intranet → Sites (everything should be checked here)
2. Tools → Options → Security → Local Intranet → Sites → Advanced (add url to server (`http://` and/or `https://`— use the hostname, not the IP)
3. Tools → Options → Security → Local Intranet → Sites → Advanced → Close
4. Tools → Options → Security → Local Intranet → Sites → Ok
5. Tools → Options → Advanced → Security (in the checkbox list)
6. Locate and select `Enable Integrated Windows Authentication`
7. Tools → Options → Advanced → Security → Ok
8. Close IE then reopen and browse to your SPNEGO protected resource

You must use hostname and not the IP. If you use the IP it will default to NTLM authentication. The following conditions must be true for SPNEGO authentication to work:

- You must be within the Intranet Zone of the network
- Access the server using a Hostname rather than IP
- Integrated Windows Authentication in IE is enabled and/or the host is trusted in Firefox
- The server is not local to the browser; it can’t be running on localhost
- The client’s Kerberos system is authenticated to a domain controller

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