1 00:00:06,580 --> 00:00:08,810 Let's try to understand Linux distributions. 2 00:00:09,990 --> 00:00:16,114 Because of the open source nature, when working with Linux there are many choices to be made, choices for the packages 3 00:00:16,114 --> 00:00:22,239 that you are going to use. And that is because different open source projects exist to provide solutions for anything. 4 00:00:22,899 --> 00:00:28,629 And as a result there are many editors, graphical interfaces, package managers and so much more. 5 00:00:30,160 --> 00:00:35,380 The primary purpose of a distribution is to make a choice between all these different components and make it 6 00:00:35,380 --> 00:00:40,600 easy to install so that you don't have to worry about which editor and so on to use anymore. 7 00:00:41,939 --> 00:00:46,619 Distributions may also choose to offer additional features as well as support. 8 00:00:49,560 --> 00:00:53,250 Now, currently there's hundreds of distributions and I can imagine 9 00:00:53,250 --> 00:00:56,939 that you're worried about similarities and differences between the distributions. 10 00:00:57,859 --> 00:01:04,680 There are differences, but more important is that at least 90% of all software in a distribution is the same everywhere. 11 00:01:05,859 --> 00:01:11,500 That is because all the distributions like using the core GNU utilities that provide the basic commands. 12 00:01:12,879 --> 00:01:18,859 Also they are all using the kernel, even if distributions may patch and tweak the kernel a little bit. 13 00:01:20,219 --> 00:01:25,579 And you will find common utilities for managing permissions, processes, files and more are the same as well. 14 00:01:26,989 --> 00:01:32,959 Systemd is the most commonly used manager of everything. You use it to start services and so much more. 15 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:39,734 Some areas have their own specific solutions and you will find these specific solutions 16 00:01:39,734 --> 00:01:45,709 in the distribution installer, in software package management as well as in network configuration. 17 00:01:47,129 --> 00:01:53,120 Now let me make a drawing so that I can tell you about the main Linux distributions and how they relate to one another. 18 00:01:54,409 --> 00:01:56,659 Okay, so let's talk about Linux distributions. 19 00:01:57,439 --> 00:02:02,280 It all started with gnu. GNU is all this open source software, but you 20 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:07,120 don't want to compose all the software yourself and that's why we have distributions. 21 00:02:07,799 --> 00:02:11,819 When we talk about main distributions, there are two developments to follow. 22 00:02:12,639 --> 00:02:16,740 The first development is Debian and the other development is Red Hat. 23 00:02:19,889 --> 00:02:25,500 They are both distributions that started in the beginning. 1994 is the year that we were talking about. 24 00:02:26,199 --> 00:02:32,090 Debian came from educational backgrounds. Red Hat from the start was a company that wanted to offer support. 25 00:02:33,210 --> 00:02:38,105 Now Red Hat has been a very successful distribution. It's probably the 26 00:02:38,105 --> 00:02:43,000 most successful distribution at the moment with their Red Hat Enterprise Linux. 27 00:02:43,560 --> 00:02:46,020 We call it RHEL for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. 28 00:02:46,919 --> 00:02:50,669 Now all of this is open source and because it is open source, it 29 00:02:50,669 --> 00:02:54,419 is easy to create a new distribution that is based on another distribution. 30 00:02:55,319 --> 00:03:02,219 And that is what was the beginning of the CentOS distribution, which is Community Enterprise operating system. 31 00:03:03,039 --> 00:03:07,664 Why does it exist? Well, because Red Hat Enterprise Linux requires a license 32 00:03:07,664 --> 00:03:12,289 and CentOS is open source software that that doesn't require a license. 33 00:03:13,330 --> 00:03:18,645 Red Hat didn't like that very much. So what did they do? They integrated CentOS and 34 00:03:18,645 --> 00:03:23,960 CentOS is now a part of the Red Hat family and it is called centos Stream. 35 00:03:24,680 --> 00:03:30,370 Centos Stream is the development platform that is used as the input for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. 36 00:03:31,259 --> 00:03:36,169 Red Hat Enterprise Linux still is the flagship Linux distribution from red hat. 37 00:03:37,159 --> 00:03:43,365 Now CentOS stream needs to be developed itself as well. And that is why there is also the Red Hat sponsored 38 00:03:43,365 --> 00:03:49,569 community distribution which is called Fedora. Fedora is what you would install on your laptop if you want to learn Linux. 39 00:03:50,090 --> 00:03:55,835 Fedora is for the latest and greatest software and Based on Fedora, CentOS Stream is composed and 40 00:03:55,835 --> 00:04:01,580 once software has stabilized the CentOS Stream, it will find its way into Red Hat Enterprise Linux. 41 00:04:02,449 --> 00:04:04,229 But still the story hasn't changed. 42 00:04:04,810 --> 00:04:09,305 Red Hat Enterprise Linux is still a very successful Linux distribution and that 43 00:04:09,305 --> 00:04:13,800 is why different distributions have been derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. 44 00:04:14,539 --> 00:04:18,904 Like Oracle Linux, like Rocky 45 00:04:18,904 --> 00:04:23,269 Linux and like Elma Linux. 46 00:04:24,389 --> 00:04:29,215 All of these are using the source code in Red Hat Enterprise Linux. They are compiling it 47 00:04:29,215 --> 00:04:34,040 with small modifications and their own logos. And the result is that this is all the same. 48 00:04:34,569 --> 00:04:38,154 And that is why all the distributions in here and some that 49 00:04:38,154 --> 00:04:41,740 I haven't even mentioned here are referred to as Red Hat family. 50 00:04:42,279 --> 00:04:46,310 It doesn't really matter which one you are using because it's the same anyways. 51 00:04:47,550 --> 00:04:53,560 Now there is a different line of distributions that we should talk about and that is derived from Debian. 52 00:04:54,129 --> 00:04:55,069 It's called Ubuntu. 53 00:04:56,209 --> 00:05:02,029 Ubuntu was also created in the mid-1990s and the focus on Ubuntu was on a usable desktop. 54 00:05:02,620 --> 00:05:05,519 The focus was to make Ubuntu as easy as it can be. 55 00:05:06,379 --> 00:05:10,194 Ubuntu has a desktop version, Ubuntu has a server version 56 00:05:10,194 --> 00:05:14,009 and it is currently very, very popular, mainly amongst developers. 57 00:05:14,769 --> 00:05:18,759 According to the people behind Ubuntu from the company canonical, at 58 00:05:18,759 --> 00:05:22,750 least 60% of all the developers are using Ubuntu Linux. 59 00:05:23,410 --> 00:05:28,665 That's a number that's very hard to verify, but it might be true. And likewise, 60 00:05:28,665 --> 00:05:33,920 at least 60% of business users are using Red Hat Enterprise Linux or family. 61 00:05:34,839 --> 00:05:40,046 Now in Ubuntu we have two mainstream versions. We have the LTS version. LTS is 62 00:05:40,046 --> 00:05:45,253 long term support and on LTS you get at least five years support with an 63 00:05:45,253 --> 00:05:50,459 option to buy two additional years. There's also the releases that happen every six months. 64 00:05:52,279 --> 00:05:56,434 These six month releases are limited support if you really want to have something that 65 00:05:56,434 --> 00:06:00,589 is supported for a long time. Ubuntu LTS is where you should be looking at.