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In this lesson, you'll learn
how to work with sudo.

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Why do we need sudo? It's
all about using administrative privileges on

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Linux. By default, you always have
a user with the name root.

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This user is really unrestricted.
Permissions don't apply for the user

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root, and for that reason
you should avoid working as root.

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Sudo allows authorized users to
run tasks with escalated privileges.

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And to use it, you use sudo followed by the
command that you want to use, like sudo LS root.

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Not everybody can use sudo to
allow sudo usage. Users must be

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a member of the sudo
group, and different sudo groups exist.

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On Red Hat, the name of that group is wheel,
and on Ubuntu, the name of that group is sudo.

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Sudo configurations can be created to
allow users to perform specific tasks only.

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That's something we won't cover here, but let me
show you how to use sudo as an administrative user.

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Okay, so I'm going to start
this demo by typing who am I?

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Who am I? Showing your current
username and my current username is student.

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I'm also typing the ID command because the ID
command is showing a list of groups that the

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user is a member of, and that reveals that
user student is a member of the group wheel.

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And that's all that
I needed to know.

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So let's do a quick test.
Let me use LS l root.

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This is trying to show a long
listing of else in the directory root.

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The directory root happens to
be the user root home directory.

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And as an ordinary user, you
don't get access to that directory.

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But if I'm repeating my
previous command and I'm putting

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sudo in front of the
command, look at what's happening.

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It is prompting for the password for user student.
I'm entering my password and there we can see all

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the files. Well, it's just one, but still all
the files in the home directory of user root.

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So when you put sudo in front of a
command, then you run it with super user privileges.

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But the important thing to realize is that this
only works if you are authorized to use sudo.