1 00:00:06,639 --> 00:00:09,769 Now let's talk about the Ubuntu package manager, which is apt. 2 00:00:10,750 --> 00:00:12,890 So APT is the Ubuntu equivalent to Yum. 3 00:00:13,650 --> 00:00:20,445 It's the advanced package tool and it's a newer replacement of all the utilities like APT Cache and apt. Get in the 4 00:00:20,445 --> 00:00:27,239 documentation every now and then you will find reference to those, but APT in general should have replaced all of it. 5 00:00:27,739 --> 00:00:34,219 So you should be safe if you just use APT like Yum. APT was developed to work with packages in an intuitive way. 6 00:00:35,039 --> 00:00:39,875 And APT is also using repositories which are defined in etc. APT Sources 7 00:00:39,875 --> 00:00:44,710 list Before moving on, I need to quickly show you these repositories. 8 00:00:45,990 --> 00:00:48,869 So I'm using LS on etc. 9 00:00:51,850 --> 00:00:58,844 To show what is going on. And there you can see there's a sources list, but there's also a 10 00:00:58,844 --> 00:01:05,840 sources list D. And it's important to realize that because this sources list D contains drop in files. 11 00:01:06,500 --> 00:01:11,780 This is a generic trend that you find in Linux a lot. You have a main configuration file 12 00:01:11,780 --> 00:01:17,060 like in this case the sources list. And this main configuration file is provided by your distribution. 13 00:01:17,900 --> 00:01:24,299 Now you don't want to change the main configuration file because during update it might get updated and your changes will get lost. 14 00:01:24,859 --> 00:01:30,290 And that's why the recommendation is to put your own stuff in the drop in directory. 15 00:01:30,909 --> 00:01:35,185 And these drop in directories are normally shaped as name of the original file 16 00:01:35,185 --> 00:01:39,460 followed by D. And there you put the files that you want to use. 17 00:01:40,159 --> 00:01:46,959 Now it is important if you work with these drop in directories that you respect the file format. 18 00:01:47,859 --> 00:01:53,103 Sometimes it is very specific for repositories or red hat. For instance, they need to 19 00:01:53,103 --> 00:01:58,346 end in dot repo for for repositories in Ubuntu. In this directory the name needs 20 00:01:58,346 --> 00:02:03,590 to end in sources, otherwise it won't get recognized. Let's get back to the slides. 21 00:02:04,549 --> 00:02:06,469 So what do you need to know to work with apt? 22 00:02:07,510 --> 00:02:11,349 Well, first you need to make sure that the local list of packages 23 00:02:11,349 --> 00:02:15,189 is updated to the most recent version of the packages using APT Update. 24 00:02:16,370 --> 00:02:21,210 There is the list of the packages in the repository. There is the list of the packages 25 00:02:21,210 --> 00:02:26,050 on your system. And APT Update makes sure that your system knows if newer versions are available. 26 00:02:26,780 --> 00:02:31,919 Next, you can use APT Search to search for packages or APT Install to install packages. 27 00:02:33,039 --> 00:02:38,610 Now, on Ubuntu, if a package contains a service, it will be started and enabled automatically. So 28 00:02:38,610 --> 00:02:44,180 normally after installing your services, you don't have to do a sudo, systemctl, enable and so on. 29 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:48,580 You can use APT Upgrade to upgrade packages. 30 00:02:49,699 --> 00:02:54,649 And sometimes packages are installed as dependencies but no longer required. If that's 31 00:02:54,649 --> 00:02:59,599 the case, use APT AutoRemove to remove them. That will clean your system. 32 00:03:01,259 --> 00:03:05,360 You might also want to use APT cache Search on a file 33 00:03:05,360 --> 00:03:09,460 name to search packages that contain a specific file. Let me demonstrate. 34 00:03:11,060 --> 00:03:15,449 Let me start with the sudo apt update that's 35 00:03:15,449 --> 00:03:19,839 going to fetch all these package index files. 36 00:03:20,599 --> 00:03:24,300 140 packages can be upgraded 37 00:03:24,300 --> 00:03:28,000 well, sudo apt list upgradable. 38 00:03:28,819 --> 00:03:31,939 Let's follow the prompt showing which packages that are. 39 00:03:32,500 --> 00:03:38,606 I'm not going to do that now because I don't want to waste time. 40 00:03:38,606 --> 00:03:44,713 I'm going to search for packages. So sudo apt cache search on iotop I 41 00:03:44,713 --> 00:03:50,819 o top is a utility that allows me to monitor I O performance. 42 00:03:51,500 --> 00:03:55,105 And app cache search is powerful because it allows you 43 00:03:55,105 --> 00:03:58,710 to search for files that are contained within the package. 44 00:03:59,250 --> 00:04:05,379 Now, in this case, the result is a little bit simple. The name of the package 45 00:04:05,379 --> 00:04:11,509 that contains iotop is also iotop. Okay, so then I know that I need sudo apt 46 00:04:11,509 --> 00:04:17,639 install iotop to install it and that will install it. And now my iotop is available. 47 00:04:19,560 --> 00:04:24,620 Is there anything else? Yeah, maybe sudo apt auto remove. 48 00:04:24,620 --> 00:04:29,680 That's for these dependencies that are no longer required. 49 00:04:30,259 --> 00:04:35,850 Now there are no dependencies that are no longer required. So the result of this command is 50 00:04:35,850 --> 00:04:41,440 a little bit disappointing for the rest of it. Apps like DNF was developed to be intuitive. 51 00:04:42,399 --> 00:04:47,954 I would say check on the help and try what you can do with it. It's not that 52 00:04:47,954 --> 00:04:53,509 hard. In the next video, you'll learn about a new way to work with software packages on Ubuntu.