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# About Unicode

Unicode is a 16-bit character set, portable across all major computing platforms and with decent coverage over most of the world. It is also single-locale; it includes no code pages or other complexities that make software harder to write and test. There is no competing character set that's reasonably cross-platform. For these reasons, Trolltech has chosen to make Unicode the native character set of Qt starting with version 2.0.

## Information about Unicode on the web.

The Unicode Consortium has a number of documents available, including

- A technical introduction to Unicode
- The home page for the standard

## The Standard

The current version of the standard is 3.0.1.

- The Unicode Standard, version 3.0. See also its home page.
- The Unicode Standard, version 2.0. See also the 2.1 update and 2.1.9 the 2.1.9 data files at www.unicode.org.

## Unicode in Qt

In Qt, and in most applications that use Qt, most or all user-visible strings are stored in Unicode. Qt provides:

- Translation to/from legacy encodings for file I/O - see QTextCodec and QTextStream.
- Translation from Input Methods and 8-bit keyboard input.
- Translation to legacy character sets for on-screen display.
- A string class, QString, that stores Unicode characters, with support for migrating from C strings including fast (cached) translation to and from US-ASCII, and all the usual string operations.
- Unicode-aware widgets where appropriate.
- Unicode support detection on Windows 95/98/NT/2000, so that Qt provides Unicode even on Windows platforms that do not support it.

To obtain the benefits of Unicode, we recommend using QString for storing all user-visible strings and performing all text file I/O using QTextStream. Use QKeyEvent::text() for keyboard input in any custom widgets you write; it does not make much difference for slow typists in West Europe or North America, but for fast typists or people using special input methods using text() is beneficial.

All the function arguments in Qt that may be user-visible strings, QLabel::setText() and a many others, take `const QString &` as type. QString provides implicit casting from `const char *` such that things like

            myLabel->setText( "Hello, Dolly!" );

will work. There is also a function, QObject::tr(), that provides translation support, like this:

            myLabel->setText( tr("Hello, Dolly!") );

tr() (simplifying somewhat) maps from `const char *` to a Unicode string, and uses installable QTranslator objects to do the mapping.

Programs that need to talk to other programs or read/write files in legacy file formats, Qt provides a number of built-in QTextCodec classes, that is, classes that know how to translate between Unicode and legacy encodings.

By default, conversion to/from `const char *` uses a locale-dependent codec. However, the program can easily find codecs for other locales, and set any open file or network connection to use a special codec. It is also possible to install new codecs, for encodings that the built-in ones do not support. (At the time of writing, Vietnamese/VISCII is one such example.)

Since US-ASCII and ISO-8859-1 are so common, there are also especially fast functions for mapping to and from them. For example, to open an application's icon one might do this:

            QFile f( QString::fromLatin1("appicon.png") );

Regarding output, Qt will do a best-effort conversion from Unicode to whatever encoding the system and fonts provide. Depending on operating system, locale, font availability and Qt's support for the characters used, this conversion may be good or bad. We will extend this in upcoming versions, with emphasis on the most common locales first.