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# QValueList Class Reference

The QValueList class is a value-based template class that provides doubly linked lists. More...

`#include <qvaluelist.h>`

Inherited by QCanvasItemList, QStringList and QValueStack.

List of all member functions.

## Public Members

- typedef QValueListIterator<T> iterator
- typedef QValueListConstIterator<T> const_iterator
- typedef T value_type
- typedef value_type * pointer
- typedef const value_type * const_pointer
- typedef value_type & reference
- typedef const value_type & const_reference
- typedef size_t size_type
- QValueList ()
- QValueList ( const QValueList<T> & l )
- QValueList ( const std::list<T> & l )
- ~QValueList ()
- QValueList<T> & operator= ( const QValueList<T> & l )
- QValueList<T> & operator= ( const std::list<T> & l )
- bool operator== ( const std::list<T> & l ) const
- bool operator== ( const QValueList<T> & l ) const
- bool operator!= ( const QValueList<T> & l ) const
- iterator begin ()
- const_iterator begin () const
- iterator end ()
- const_iterator end () const
- iterator insert ( iterator it, const T & x )
- uint remove ( const T & x )
- void clear ()
- QValueList<T> & operator<< ( const T & x )
- size_type size () const
- bool empty () const
- void push_front ( const T & x )
- void push_back ( const T & x )
- iterator erase ( iterator it )
- iterator erase ( iterator first, iterator last )
- reference front ()
- const_reference front () const
- reference back ()
- const_reference back () const
- void pop_front ()
- void pop_back ()
- void insert ( iterator pos, size_type n, const T & x )
- QValueList<T> operator+ ( const QValueList<T> & l ) const
- QValueList<T> & operator+= ( const QValueList<T> & l )
- iterator fromLast ()
- const_iterator fromLast () const
- bool isEmpty () const
- iterator append ( const T & x )
- iterator prepend ( const T & x )
- iterator remove ( iterator it )
- T & first ()
- const T & first () const
- T & last ()
- const T & last () const
- T & operator[] ( size_type i )
- const T & operator[] ( size_type i ) const
- iterator at ( size_type i )
- const_iterator at ( size_type i ) const
- iterator find ( const T & x )
- const_iterator find ( const T & x ) const
- iterator find ( iterator it, const T & x )
- const_iterator find ( const_iterator it, const T & x ) const
- int findIndex ( const T & x ) const
- size_type contains ( const T & x ) const
- size_type count () const
- QValueList<T> & operator+= ( const T & x )
- typedef QValueListIterator<T> Iterator
- typedef QValueListConstIterator<T> ConstIterator

## Related Functions

- QDataStream & operator>> ( QDataStream & s, QValueList<T> & l )
- QDataStream & operator<< ( QDataStream & s, const QValueList<T> & l )

## Detailed Description

The QValueList class is a value-based template class that provides doubly linked lists.

QValueList is a Qt implementation of an STL-like list container. It can be used in your application if the standard `list` is not available. QValueList is part of the Qt Template Library.

QValueList<T> defines a template instance to create a list of values that all have the class T. Note that QValueList does not store pointers to the members of the list; it holds a copy of every member. This is why these kinds of classes are called "value based"; QPtrList and QDict are "pointer based".

QValueList contains and manages a collection of objects of type T and provides iterators that allow the contained objects to be addressed. QValueList owns the contained items. For more relaxed ownership semantics, see QPtrCollection and friends which are pointer-based containers.

Some classes cannot be used within a QValueList, for example, all classes derived from QObject and thus all classes that implement widgets. Only values can be used in a QValueList. To qualify as a value the class must provide:

- A copy constructor
- An assignment operator
- A default constructor, i.e. a constructor that does not take any arguments.

Note that C++ defaults to field-by-field assignment operators and copy constructors if no explicit version is supplied. In many cases this is sufficient.

QValueList's function naming is consistent with the other Qt classes (e.g., count(), isEmpty()). QValueList also provides extra functions for compatibility with STL algorithms, such as size() and empty(). Programmers already familiar with the STL `list` can use these functions instead.

Example:

    class Employee
    {
    public:
        Employee(): sn(0) {}
        Employee( const QString& forename, const QString& surname, int salary )
            : fn(forename), sn(surname), sal(salary)
        {}

        QString forename() const { return fn; }
        QString surname() const { return sn; }
        int salary() const { return sal; }
        void setSalary( int salary ) { sal = salary; }
    private:
        QString fn;
        QString sn;
        int sal;
    };

        typedef QValueList<Employee> EmployeeList;
        EmployeeList list;

        list.append( Employee("John", "Doe", 50000) );
        list.append( Employee("Jane", "Williams", 80000) );
        list.append( Employee("Tom", "Jones", 60000) );

        Employee mary( "Mary", "Hawthorne", 90000 );
        list.append( mary );
        mary.setSalary( 100000 );

        EmployeeList::iterator it;
        for ( it = list.begin(); it != list.end(); ++it )
            cout << (*it).surname().latin1() << ", " <<
                    (*it).forename().latin1() << " earns " <<
                    (*it).salary() << endl;

        // Output:
        // Doe, John earns 50000
        // Williams, Jane earns 80000
        // Hawthorne, Mary earns 90000
        // Jones, Tom earns 60000

Notice that the latest changes to Mary's salary did not affect the value in the list because the list created a copy of Mary's entry.

There are several ways to find items in the list. The begin() and end() functions return iterators to the beginning and end of the list. The advantage of getting an iterator is that you can move forward or backward from this position by incrementing/decrementing the iterator. The iterator returned by end() points to the item which is one past the last item in the container. The past-the-end iterator is still associated with the list it belongs to, however it is not dereferenceable; operator*() will not return a well-defined value. If the list is empty(), the iterator returned by begin() will equal the iterator returned by end().

Another way to find an item in the list is by using the qFind() algorithm. For example:

        QValueList<int> list;
        ...
        QValueList<int>::iterator it = qFind( list.begin(), list.end(), 3 );
        if ( it != list.end() )
            // it points to the found item

It is safe to have multiple iterators on the list at the same time. If some member of the list is removed, only iterators pointing to the removed member become invalid. Inserting into the list does not invalidate any iterator. For convenience, the function last() returns a reference to the last item in the list, and first() returns a reference to the the first item. If the list is empty(), both last() and first() have undefined behavior (your application will crash or do unpredictable things). Use last() and first() with caution, for example:

        QValueList<int> list;
        list.append( 1 );
        list.append( 2 );
        list.append( 3 );
        ...
        if ( !list.empty() ) {
            // OK, modify the first item
            int& i = list.first();
            i = 18;
        }
        ...
        QValueList<double> dlist;
        double d = dlist.last(); // undefined

Because QValueList is value-based there is no need to be careful about deleting items in the list. The list holds its own copies and will free them if the corresponding member or the list itself is deleted. You can force the list to free all of its items with clear().

QValueList is shared implicitly, which means it can be copied in constant time. If multiple QValueList instances share the same data and one needs to modify its contents, this modifying instance makes a copy and modifies its private copy; therefore it not affect the other instances. This is often called "copy on write". If a QValueList is being used in a multi-threaded program, you must protect all access to the list. See QMutex.

There are several ways to insert items into the list. The prepend() and append() functions insert items at the beginning and the end of the list respectively. The insert() function comes in several flavors and can be used to add one or more items at specific positions within the list.

Items can be also be removed from the list in several ways. There are several variants of the remove() function, which removes a specific item from the list. The remove() function will find and remove items according to a specific item value.

Lists can be also sorted with the sort() function, or can be sorted using the Qt Template Library. For example with qHeapSort():

Example:

        QValueList<int> l;
        l.append( 5 );
        l.append( 8 );
        l.append( 3 );
        l.append( 4 );
        qHeapSort( l );

See also QValueListIterator, Qt Template Library Classes, Implicitly and Explicitly Shared Classes and Non-GUI Classes.

## Member Type Documentation

### QValueList::ConstIterator

This iterator is an instantiation of QValueListConstIterator for the same type as this QValueList. In other words, if you instantiate QValueList, ConstIterator is a QValueListConstIterator. Several member function use it, such as QValueList::begin(), which returns an iterator pointing to the first item in the list.

Functionally, this is almost the same as Iterator. The only difference is you cannot use ConstIterator for non-const operations, and that the compiler often can generate better code if you use ConstIterator.

See also QValueListIterator and Iterator.

### QValueList::Iterator

This iterator is an instantiation of QValueListIterator for the same type as this QValueList. In other words, if you instantiate QValueList, Iterator is a QValueListIterator. Several member function use it, such as QValueList::begin(), which returns an iterator pointing to the first item in the list.

Functionally, this is almost the same as ConstIterator. The only difference is you cannot use ConstIterator for non-const operations, and that the compiler often can generate better code if you use ConstIterator.

See also QValueListIterator and ConstIterator.

### QValueList::const_iterator

The list's const iterator type, QValueListConstIterator.

### QValueList::const_pointer

The const pointer to T type.

### QValueList::const_reference

The const reference to T type.

### QValueList::iterator

The list's iterator type, QValueListIterator.

### QValueList::pointer

The pointer to T type.

### QValueList::reference

The reference to T type.

### QValueList::size_type

An unsigned integral type, used to represent various sizes.

### QValueList::value_type

The type of the object stored in the list, T.

## Member Function Documentation

### QValueList::QValueList ()

Constructs an empty list.

### QValueList::QValueList ( const QValueList<T> & l )

Constructs a copy of l.

This operation takes O(1) time because QValueList is shared implicitly.

The first modification to a list will take O(n) time.

### QValueList::QValueList ( const std::list<T> & l )

Contructs a copy of l.

This constructor is provided for compatibility with STL containers.

### QValueList::~QValueList ()

Destroys the list. References to the values in the list and all iterators of this list become invalidated. Note that it is impossible for an iterator to check whether or not it is valid - QValueList is highly tuned for performance, not for error checking.

### iterator QValueList::append ( const T & x )

Inserts x at the end of the list.

See also insert() and prepend().

Examples: checklists/checklists.cpp and fonts/simple-qfont-demo/viewer.cpp.

### const_iterator QValueList::at ( size_type i ) const

Returns an iterator pointing to the item at position i in the list, or end() if the index is out of range.

Warning: This function uses a linear search and can be extremely slow for large lists. QValueList is not optimized for random item access. If you need random access use a different container, such as QValueVector.

### iterator QValueList::at ( size_type i )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns an iterator pointing to the item at position i in the list, or end() if the index is out of range.

### reference QValueList::back ()

Returns a reference to the last item. If the list contains no last item (i.e. empty() returns TRUE), the return value is undefined.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to last().

See also front().

### const_reference QValueList::back () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

### const_iterator QValueList::begin () const

Returns an iterator pointing to the first item in the list. This iterator equals end() if the list is empty.

See also first() and end().

Examples: canvas/canvas.cpp, checklists/checklists.cpp, fonts/simple-qfont-demo/viewer.cpp, network/ftpclient/ftpview.cpp, sql/overview/insert/main.cpp, table/statistics/statistics.cpp and themes/themes.cpp.

### iterator QValueList::begin ()

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns an iterator pointing to the first item in the list. This iterator equals end() if the list is empty.

See also first() and end().

### void QValueList::clear ()

Removes all items from the list.

See also remove().

### size_type QValueList::contains ( const T & x ) const

Returns the number of occurrences of the value x in the list.

### size_type QValueList::count () const

Returns the number of items in the list.

See also isEmpty().

Example: table/statistics/statistics.cpp.

### bool QValueList::empty () const

Returns TRUE if the list contains no items; otherwise returns FALSE.

See also size().

### iterator QValueList::end ()

Returns an iterator pointing behind the last item in the list. This iterator equals begin() if the list is empty.

See also last() and begin().

Examples: canvas/canvas.cpp, checklists/checklists.cpp, fonts/simple-qfont-demo/viewer.cpp, network/ftpclient/ftpview.cpp, sql/overview/insert/main.cpp, table/statistics/statistics.cpp and themes/themes.cpp.

### const_iterator QValueList::end () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns an iterator pointing behind the last item in the list. This iterator equals begin() if the list is empty.

See also last() and begin().

### iterator QValueList::erase ( iterator it )

Removes the item pointed to by it from the list. No iterators other than it or other iterators pointing at the same item as it are invalidated. Returns an iterator to the next item after it, or end() if there is no such item.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to remove().

### iterator QValueList::erase ( iterator first, iterator last )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Deletes all items from first to last (not including last). No iterators are invalidated, except those pointing to the removed items themselves. Returns last.

### iterator QValueList::find ( const T & x )

Returns an iterator pointing to the first occurrence of x in the list.

Returns end() is no item matched.

### const_iterator QValueList::find ( const T & x ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns an iterator pointing to the first occurrence of x in the list.

Returns end() is no item matched.

### iterator QValueList::find ( iterator it, const T & x )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Finds the first occurrence of x in the list starting at the position given by it.

Returns end() if no item matched.

### const_iterator QValueList::find ( const_iterator it, const T & x ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Finds the first occurrence of x in the list starting at the position given by it. Returns end() if no item matched.

### int QValueList::findIndex ( const T & x ) const

Returns the index of the first occurrence of the value x. Returns -1 if no item matched.

### T & QValueList::first ()

Returns a reference to the first item. If the list contains no first item (i.e. isEmpty() returns TRUE), the return value is undefined.

See also last().

Example: network/mail/smtp.cpp.

### const T & QValueList::first () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

### const_iterator QValueList::fromLast () const

Returns an iterator to the last item in the list, or end() if there is no last item.

Use the end() function instead. For example:

        QValueList<int> l;
        ...
        QValueList<int>::iterator it = l.end();
        --it;
        if ( it != end() )
            // ...

### iterator QValueList::fromLast ()

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns an iterator to the last item in the list, or end() if there is no last item.

Use the end() function instead. For example:

        QValueList<int> l;
        ...
        QValueList<int>::iterator it = l.end();
        --it;
        if ( it != end() )
            // ...

### reference QValueList::front ()

Returns a reference to the first item. If the list contains no first item (i.e. empty() returns TRUE), the return value is undefined.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to first().

See also back().

### const_reference QValueList::front () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

### iterator QValueList::insert ( iterator it, const T & x )

Inserts the value x in front of the iterator it.

Returns an iterator pointing at the inserted item.

See also append() and prepend().

Example: themes/themes.cpp.

### void QValueList::insert ( iterator pos, size_type n, const T & x )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts n copies of x before position pos.

### bool QValueList::isEmpty () const

Returns TRUE if the list contains no items; otherwise returns FALSE.

See also count().

Examples: fonts/simple-qfont-demo/viewer.cpp, network/ftpclient/ftpmainwindow.cpp and network/mail/smtp.cpp.

### T & QValueList::last ()

Returns a reference to the last item. If the list contains no last item (i.e. empty() returns TRUE), the return value is undefined.

### const T & QValueList::last () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

### bool QValueList::operator!= ( const QValueList<T> & l ) const

Compares both lists.

Returns TRUE if this list and l are unequal; otherwise returns FALSE.

### QValueList<T> QValueList::operator+ ( const QValueList<T> & l ) const

Creates a new list and fills it with the items of this list. Then the items of l are appended. Returns the new list.

### QValueList<T> & QValueList::operator+= ( const QValueList<T> & l )

Appends the items of l to this list. Returns a reference to this list.

### QValueList<T> & QValueList::operator+= ( const T & x )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Appends the value x to the list. Returns a reference to the list.

### QValueList<T> & QValueList::operator<< ( const T & x )

Adds the value x to the end of the list.

Returns a reference to the list.

### QValueList<T> & QValueList::operator= ( const QValueList<T> & l )

Assigns l to this list and returns a reference to this list.

All iterators of the current list become invalidated by this operation. The cost of such an assignment is O(1) since QValueList is implicitly shared.

### QValueList<T> & QValueList::operator= ( const std::list<T> & l )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Assigns the contents of l to the list.

All iterators of the current list become invalidated by this operation.

### bool QValueList::operator== ( const QValueList<T> & l ) const

Compares both lists.

Returns TRUE if this list and l are equal; otherwise returns FALSE.

### bool QValueList::operator== ( const std::list<T> & l ) const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns TRUE if this list and l are equal; otherwise returns FALSE.

This operator is provided for compatibility with STL containers.

### const T & QValueList::operator[] ( size_type i ) const

Returns a const reference to the item with index i in the list. It is up to you to check whether this item really exists. You can do that easily with the count() function. However this operator does not check whether i is in range and will deliver undefined results if it does not exist.

Warning: This function uses a linear search and can be extremely slow for large lists. QValueList is not optimized for random item access. If you need random access use a different container, such as QValueVector.

### T & QValueList::operator[] ( size_type i )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Returns a non-const reference to the item with index i.

### void QValueList::pop_back ()

Removes the last item. If there is no last item, this operation is undefined.

This function is provided for STL compatibility.

### void QValueList::pop_front ()

Removes the first item. If there is no first item, this operation is undefined.

This function is provided for STL compatibility.

### iterator QValueList::prepend ( const T & x )

Inserts x at the beginning of the list.

See also insert() and append().

### void QValueList::push_back ( const T & x )

Inserts x at the end of the list.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to append().

### void QValueList::push_front ( const T & x )

Inserts x at the beginning of the list.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to prepend().

### iterator QValueList::remove ( iterator it )

Removes the item pointed to by it from the list. No iterators other than it or other iterators pointing at the same item as it are invalidated. Returns an iterator to the next item after it, or end() if there is no such item.

See also clear().

### uint QValueList::remove ( const T & x )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Removes all items that have value x and returns the number of removed items.

### size_type QValueList::size () const

Returns the number of items in the list.

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to count().

See also empty().

Example: network/ftpclient/ftpview.cpp.

## Related Functions

### QDataStream & operator<< ( QDataStream & s, const QValueList<T> & l )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Writes a list, l, to the stream s. The type T stored in the list must implement the streaming operator, too.

### QDataStream & operator>> ( QDataStream & s, QValueList<T> & l )

Reads a list, l, from the stream s. The type T stored in the list must implement the streaming operator, too.

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