/*
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Image Power, Inc. and the University of
 *   British Columbia.
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Michael David Adams.
 * All rights reserved.
 */

/* __START_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
 * 
 * JasPer Software License
 * 
 * IMAGE POWER JPEG-2000 PUBLIC LICENSE
 * ************************************
 * 
 * GRANT:
 * 
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person (the "User")
 * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation, to deal
 * in the JasPer Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the right to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the JasPer Software (in source and binary forms),
 * and to permit persons to whom the JasPer Software is furnished to do so,
 * provided further that the License Conditions below are met.
 * 
 * License Conditions
 * ******************
 * 
 * A.  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 * and this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
 * 
 * B.  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 * notice, and this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in
 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 
 * C.  Neither the name of Image Power, Inc. nor any other contributor
 * (including, but not limited to, the University of British Columbia and
 * Michael David Adams) may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 * from this software without specific prior written permission.
 * 
 * D.  User agrees that it shall not commence any action against Image Power,
 * Inc., the University of British Columbia, Michael David Adams, or any
 * other contributors (collectively "Licensors") for infringement of any
 * intellectual property rights ("IPR") held by the User in respect of any
 * technology that User owns or has a right to license or sublicense and
 * which is an element required in order to claim compliance with ISO/IEC
 * 15444-1 (i.e., JPEG-2000 Part 1).  "IPR" means all intellectual property
 * rights worldwide arising under statutory or common law, and whether
 * or not perfected, including, without limitation, all (i) patents and
 * patent applications owned or licensable by User; (ii) rights associated
 * with works of authorship including copyrights, copyright applications,
 * copyright registrations, mask work rights, mask work applications,
 * mask work registrations; (iii) rights relating to the protection of
 * trade secrets and confidential information; (iv) any right analogous
 * to those set forth in subsections (i), (ii), or (iii) and any other
 * proprietary rights relating to intangible property (other than trademark,
 * trade dress, or service mark rights); and (v) divisions, continuations,
 * renewals, reissues and extensions of the foregoing (as and to the extent
 * applicable) now existing, hereafter filed, issued or acquired.
 * 
 * E.  If User commences an infringement action against any Licensor(s) then
 * such Licensor(s) shall have the right to terminate User's license and
 * all sublicenses that have been granted hereunder by User to other parties.
 * 
 * F.  This software is for use only in hardware or software products that
 * are compliant with ISO/IEC 15444-1 (i.e., JPEG-2000 Part 1).  No license
 * or right to this Software is granted for products that do not comply
 * with ISO/IEC 15444-1.  The JPEG-2000 Part 1 standard can be purchased
 * from the ISO.
 * 
 * THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE.
 * NO USE OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER
 * THIS DISCLAIMER.  THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE LICENSORS AND
 * CONTRIBUTORS UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN ``AS-IS'' BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY
 * OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
 * WARRANTIES THAT THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS FREE OF DEFECTS, IS MERCHANTABLE,
 * IS FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR IS NON-INFRINGING.  THOSE INTENDING
 * TO USE THE JASPER SOFTWARE OR MODIFICATIONS THEREOF FOR USE IN HARDWARE
 * OR SOFTWARE PRODUCTS ARE ADVISED THAT THEIR USE MAY INFRINGE EXISTING
 * PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
 * THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE
 * IS WITH THE USER.  SHOULD ANY PART OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE
 * IN ANY RESPECT, THE USER (AND NOT THE INITIAL DEVELOPERS, THE UNIVERSITY
 * OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, IMAGE POWER, INC., MICHAEL DAVID ADAMS, OR ANY
 * OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) SHALL ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING,
 * REPAIR OR CORRECTION.  UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY,
 * WHETHER TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL THE
 * INITIAL DEVELOPER, THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, IMAGE POWER, INC.,
 * MICHAEL DAVID ADAMS, ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF THE
 * JASPER SOFTWARE, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO
 * THE USER OR ANY OTHER PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
 * DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR
 * MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF
 * SUCH PARTY HAD BEEN INFORMED, OR OUGHT TO HAVE KNOWN, OF THE POSSIBILITY
 * OF SUCH DAMAGES.  THE JASPER SOFTWARE AND UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY ARE NOT
 * FAULT-TOLERANT AND ARE NOT DESIGNED, MANUFACTURED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR
 * RESALE AS ON-LINE CONTROL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING
 * FAIL-SAFE PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES,
 * AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, DIRECT
 * LIFE SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE
 * JASPER SOFTWARE OR UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCT COULD LEAD DIRECTLY
 * TO DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
 * ("HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES").  LICENSOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS
 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.  USER WILL NOT
 * KNOWINGLY USE, DISTRIBUTE OR RESELL THE JASPER SOFTWARE OR UNDERLYING
 * TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCTS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES AND WILL ENSURE THAT ITS
 * CUSTOMERS AND END-USERS OF ITS PRODUCTS ARE PROVIDED WITH A COPY OF THE
 * NOTICE SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION.
 * 
 * __END_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
 */

/*
 * Tier 1 Encoder
 *
 * $Id$
 */

/******************************************************************************\
* Includes.
\******************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include "jasper/jas_fix.h"
#include "jasper/jas_malloc.h"
#include "jasper/jas_math.h"

#include "jpc_t1enc.h"
#include "jpc_t1cod.h"
#include "jpc_enc.h"
#include "jpc_cod.h"
#include "jpc_math.h"

static int jpc_encsigpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int orient, int,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encrefpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encclnpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int orient, int,
  int, jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encrawsigpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, int,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

static int jpc_encrawrefpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, int,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec);

/******************************************************************************\
* Code for encoding code blocks.
\******************************************************************************/

/* Encode all of the code blocks associated with the current tile. */
int jpc_enc_enccblks(jpc_enc_t *enc)
{
	jpc_enc_tcmpt_t *tcmpt;
	jpc_enc_tcmpt_t *endcomps;
	jpc_enc_rlvl_t *lvl;
	jpc_enc_rlvl_t *endlvls;
	jpc_enc_band_t *band;
	jpc_enc_band_t *endbands;
	jpc_enc_cblk_t *cblk;
	jpc_enc_cblk_t *endcblks;
	int i;
	int j;
	int mx;
	int bmx;
	int v;
	jpc_enc_tile_t *tile;
	uint_fast32_t prcno;
	jpc_enc_prc_t *prc;

	tile = enc->curtile;

	endcomps = &tile->tcmpts[tile->numtcmpts];
	for (tcmpt = tile->tcmpts; tcmpt != endcomps; ++tcmpt) {
		endlvls = &tcmpt->rlvls[tcmpt->numrlvls];
		for (lvl = tcmpt->rlvls; lvl != endlvls; ++lvl) {
			if (!lvl->bands) {
				continue;
			}
			endbands = &lvl->bands[lvl->numbands];
			for (band = lvl->bands; band != endbands; ++band) {
				if (!band->data) {
					continue;
				}
				for (prcno = 0, prc = band->prcs; prcno < lvl->numprcs; ++prcno, ++prc) {
					if (!prc->cblks) {
						continue;
					}
					bmx = 0;
					endcblks = &prc->cblks[prc->numcblks];
					for (cblk = prc->cblks; cblk != endcblks; ++cblk) {
						mx = 0;
						for (i = 0; i < jas_matrix_numrows(cblk->data); ++i) {
							for (j = 0; j < jas_matrix_numcols(cblk->data); ++j) {
								v = abs(jas_matrix_get(cblk->data, i, j));
								if (v > mx) {
									mx = v;
								}
							}
						}
						if (mx > bmx) {
							bmx = mx;
						}
						cblk->numbps = JAS_MAX(jpc_firstone(mx) + 1 - JPC_NUMEXTRABITS, 0);
					}

					for (cblk = prc->cblks; cblk != endcblks; ++cblk) {
						cblk->numimsbs = band->numbps - cblk->numbps;
						assert(cblk->numimsbs >= 0);
					}

					for (cblk = prc->cblks; cblk != endcblks; ++cblk) {
						if (jpc_enc_enccblk(enc, cblk->stream, tcmpt, band, cblk)) {
							return -1;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

int getthebyte(jas_stream_t *in, long off)
{
	int c;
	long oldpos;
	oldpos = jas_stream_tell(in);
	assert(oldpos >= 0);
	jas_stream_seek(in, off, SEEK_SET);
	c = jas_stream_peekc(in);
	jas_stream_seek(in, oldpos, SEEK_SET);
	return c;
}

/* Encode a single code block. */
int jpc_enc_enccblk(jpc_enc_t *enc, jas_stream_t *out, jpc_enc_tcmpt_t *tcmpt, jpc_enc_band_t *band, jpc_enc_cblk_t *cblk)
{
	jpc_enc_pass_t *pass;
	jpc_enc_pass_t *endpasses;
	int bitpos;
	int n;
	int adjust;
	int ret;
	int passtype;
	int t;
	jpc_bitstream_t *bout;
	jpc_enc_pass_t *termpass;
	jpc_enc_rlvl_t *rlvl;
	int vcausal;
	int segsym;
	int termmode;
	int c;

	bout = 0;
	rlvl = band->rlvl;

	cblk->stream = jas_stream_memopen(0, 0);
	assert(cblk->stream);
	cblk->mqenc = jpc_mqenc_create(JPC_NUMCTXS, cblk->stream);
	assert(cblk->mqenc);
	jpc_mqenc_setctxs(cblk->mqenc, JPC_NUMCTXS, jpc_mqctxs);

	cblk->numpasses = (cblk->numbps > 0) ? (3 * cblk->numbps - 2) : 0;
	if (cblk->numpasses > 0) {
		cblk->passes = jas_malloc(cblk->numpasses * sizeof(jpc_enc_pass_t));
		assert(cblk->passes);
	} else {
		cblk->passes = 0;
	}
	endpasses = &cblk->passes[cblk->numpasses];
	for (pass = cblk->passes; pass != endpasses; ++pass) {
		pass->start = 0;
		pass->end = 0;
		pass->term = JPC_ISTERMINATED(pass - cblk->passes, 0, cblk->numpasses, (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_TERMALL) != 0, (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_LAZY) != 0);
		pass->type = JPC_SEGTYPE(pass - cblk->passes, 0, (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_LAZY) != 0);
		pass->lyrno = -1;
if (pass == endpasses - 1) {
assert(pass->term == 1);
	pass->term = 1;
}
	}

	cblk->flags = jas_matrix_create(jas_matrix_numrows(cblk->data) + 2,
	  jas_matrix_numcols(cblk->data) + 2);
	assert(cblk->flags);


	bitpos = cblk->numbps - 1;
	pass = cblk->passes;
	n = cblk->numpasses;
	while (--n >= 0) {

		if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) {
			/* NOP */
		} else {
			assert(pass->type == JPC_SEG_RAW);
			if (!bout) {
				bout = jpc_bitstream_sopen(cblk->stream, "w");
				assert(bout);
			}
		}

#if 1
		passtype = (pass - cblk->passes + 2) % 3;
#else
		passtype = JPC_PASSTYPE(pass - cblk->passes + 2);
#endif
		pass->start = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream);
#if 0
assert(jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream) == jas_stream_getrwcount(cblk->stream));
#endif
		assert(bitpos >= 0);
		vcausal = (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_VSC) != 0;
		segsym = (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_SEGSYM) != 0;
		if (pass->term) {
			termmode = ((tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_PTERM) ?
			  JPC_MQENC_PTERM : JPC_MQENC_DEFTERM) + 1;
		} else {
			termmode = 0;
		}
		switch (passtype) {
		case JPC_SIGPASS:
			ret = (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) ? jpc_encsigpass(cblk->mqenc,
			  bitpos, band->orient, vcausal, cblk->flags,
			  cblk->data, termmode, &pass->nmsedec) :
			  jpc_encrawsigpass(bout, bitpos, vcausal, cblk->flags,
			  cblk->data, termmode, &pass->nmsedec);
			break;
		case JPC_REFPASS:
			ret = (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) ? jpc_encrefpass(cblk->mqenc,
			  bitpos, vcausal, cblk->flags, cblk->data, termmode,
			  &pass->nmsedec) : jpc_encrawrefpass(bout, bitpos,
			  vcausal, cblk->flags, cblk->data, termmode,
			  &pass->nmsedec);
			break;
		case JPC_CLNPASS:
			assert(pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ);
			ret = jpc_encclnpass(cblk->mqenc, bitpos, band->orient,
			  vcausal, segsym, cblk->flags, cblk->data, termmode,
			  &pass->nmsedec);
			break;
		default:
			assert(0);
			break;
		}

		if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) {
			if (pass->term) {
				jpc_mqenc_init(cblk->mqenc);
			}
			jpc_mqenc_getstate(cblk->mqenc, &pass->mqencstate);
			pass->end = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream);
			if (tcmpt->cblksty & JPC_COX_RESET) {
				jpc_mqenc_setctxs(cblk->mqenc, JPC_NUMCTXS, jpc_mqctxs);
			}
		} else {
			if (pass->term) {
				if (jpc_bitstream_pending(bout)) {
					jpc_bitstream_outalign(bout, 0x2a);
				}
				jpc_bitstream_close(bout);
				bout = 0;
				pass->end = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream);
			} else {
				pass->end = jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream) +
				  jpc_bitstream_pending(bout);
/* NOTE - This will not work.  need to adjust by # of pending output bytes */
			}
		}
#if 0
/* XXX - This assertion fails sometimes when various coding modes are used.
This seems to be harmless, but why does it happen at all? */
assert(jas_stream_tell(cblk->stream) == jas_stream_getrwcount(cblk->stream));
#endif

		pass->wmsedec = jpc_fixtodbl(band->rlvl->tcmpt->synweight) *
		  jpc_fixtodbl(band->rlvl->tcmpt->synweight) *
		  jpc_fixtodbl(band->synweight) *
		  jpc_fixtodbl(band->synweight) *
		  jpc_fixtodbl(band->absstepsize) * jpc_fixtodbl(band->absstepsize) *
		  ((double) (1 << bitpos)) * ((double)(1 << bitpos)) *
		  jpc_fixtodbl(pass->nmsedec);
		pass->cumwmsedec = pass->wmsedec;
		if (pass != cblk->passes) {
			pass->cumwmsedec += pass[-1].cumwmsedec;
		}
		if (passtype == JPC_CLNPASS) {
			--bitpos;
		}
		++pass;
	}

#if 0
dump_passes(cblk->passes, cblk->numpasses, cblk);
#endif

	n = 0;
	endpasses = &cblk->passes[cblk->numpasses];
	for (pass = cblk->passes; pass != endpasses; ++pass) {
		if (pass->start < n) {
			pass->start = n;
		}
		if (pass->end < n) {
			pass->end = n;
		}
		if (!pass->term) {
			termpass = pass;
			while (termpass - pass < cblk->numpasses &&
			  !termpass->term) {
				++termpass;
			}
			if (pass->type == JPC_SEG_MQ) {
				t = (pass->mqencstate.lastbyte == 0xff) ? 1 : 0;
				if (pass->mqencstate.ctreg >= 5) {
					adjust = 4 + t;
				} else {
					adjust = 5 + t;
				}
				pass->end += adjust;
			}
			if (pass->end > termpass->end) {
				pass->end = termpass->end;
			}
			if ((c = getthebyte(cblk->stream, pass->end - 1)) == EOF) {
				abort();
			}
			if (c == 0xff) {
				++pass->end;
			}
			n = JAS_MAX(n, pass->end);
		} else {
			n = JAS_MAX(n, pass->end);
		}
	}

#if 0
dump_passes(cblk->passes, cblk->numpasses, cblk);
#endif

	if (bout) {
		jpc_bitstream_close(bout);
	}

	return 0;
}

/******************************************************************************\
* Code for significance pass.
\******************************************************************************/

#define	sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, orient, mqenc, vcausalflag) \
{ \
	int f; \
	int v; \
	f = *(fp); \
	if ((f & JPC_OTHSIGMSK) && !(f & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT))) { \
		v = (abs(*(dp)) & (one)) ? 1 : 0; \
		jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_GETZCCTXNO(f, (orient))); \
		jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, v); \
		if (v) { \
			*(nmsedec) += JPC_GETSIGNMSEDEC(abs(*(dp)), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
			v = ((*(dp) < 0) ? 1 : 0); \
			jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_GETSCCTXNO(f)); \
			jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, v ^ JPC_GETSPB(f)); \
			JPC_UPDATEFLAGS4(fp, frowstep, v, vcausalflag); \
			*(fp) |= JPC_SIG; \
		} \
		*(fp) |= JPC_VISIT; \
	} \
}

static int jpc_encsigpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int orient, int vcausalflag,
  jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
	int i;
	int j;
	int one;
	int vscanlen;
	int width;
	int height;
	int frowstep;
	int drowstep;
	int fstripestep;
	int dstripestep;
	jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *dstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *fp;
	jpc_fix_t *dp;
	jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
	jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart;
	int k;

	*nmsedec = 0;
	width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
	height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
	frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
	drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
	fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
	dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

	one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

	fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
	dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
	for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
	  dstripestart += dstripestep) {
		fvscanstart = fstripestart;
		dvscanstart = dstripestart;
		vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
		for (j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
			fp = fvscanstart;
			dp = dvscanstart;
			k = vscanlen;

			sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, orient, mqenc, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, orient, mqenc, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, orient, mqenc, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			sigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, orient, mqenc, 0);

		}
	}

	if (term) {
		jpc_mqenc_flush(mqenc, term - 1);
	}

	return jpc_mqenc_error(mqenc) ? (-1) : 0;
}

#define	rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, out, vcausalflag) \
{ \
	jpc_fix_t f = *(fp); \
	jpc_fix_t v; \
	if ((f & JPC_OTHSIGMSK) && !(f & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT))) { \
		v = (abs(*(dp)) & (one)) ? 1 : 0; \
		if ((jpc_bitstream_putbit((out), v)) == EOF) { \
			return -1; \
		} \
		if (v) { \
			*(nmsedec) += JPC_GETSIGNMSEDEC(abs(*(dp)), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
			v = ((*(dp) < 0) ? 1 : 0); \
			if (jpc_bitstream_putbit(out, v) == EOF) { \
				return -1; \
			} \
			JPC_UPDATEFLAGS4(fp, frowstep, v, vcausalflag); \
			*(fp) |= JPC_SIG; \
		} \
		*(fp) |= JPC_VISIT; \
	} \
}

static int jpc_encrawsigpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, int vcausalflag, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
	int i;
	int j;
	int k;
	int one;
	int vscanlen;
	int width;
	int height;
	int frowstep;
	int drowstep;
	int fstripestep;
	int dstripestep;
	jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *dstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *fp;
	jpc_fix_t *dp;
	jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
	jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart;

	*nmsedec = 0;
	width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
	height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
	frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
	drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
	fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
	dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

	one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

	fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
	dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
	for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
	  dstripestart += dstripestep) {
		fvscanstart = fstripestart;
		dvscanstart = dstripestart;
		vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
		for (j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
			fp = fvscanstart;
			dp = dvscanstart;
			k = vscanlen;

			rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, out, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;

			rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, out, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;

			rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, out, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;

			rawsigpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  nmsedec, out, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;

		}
	}

	if (term) {
		jpc_bitstream_outalign(out, 0x2a);
	}

	return 0;
}

/******************************************************************************\
* Code for refinement pass.
\******************************************************************************/

#define	refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, mqenc, vcausalflag) \
{ \
	int v; \
	if (((*(fp)) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT)) == JPC_SIG) { \
		(d) = *(dp); \
		*(nmsedec) += JPC_GETREFNMSEDEC(abs(d), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
		jpc_mqenc_setcurctx((mqenc), JPC_GETMAGCTXNO(*(fp))); \
		v = (abs(d) & (one)) ? 1 : 0; \
		jpc_mqenc_putbit((mqenc), v); \
		*(fp) |= JPC_REFINE; \
	} \
}

static int jpc_encrefpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int vcausalflag, jas_matrix_t *flags, jas_matrix_t *data,
  int term, long *nmsedec)
{
	int i;
	int j;
	int one;
	int vscanlen;
	int d;
	int width;
	int height;
	int frowstep;
	int drowstep;
	int fstripestep;
	int dstripestep;
	jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *dstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
	jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart;
	jpc_fix_t *dp;
	jpc_fix_t *fp;
int k;

	*nmsedec = 0;
	width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
	height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
	frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
	drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
	fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
	dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

	one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

	fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
	dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
	for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
	  dstripestart += dstripestep) {
		fvscanstart = fstripestart;
		dvscanstart = dstripestart;
		vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
		for (j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
			fp = fvscanstart;
			dp = dvscanstart;
			k = vscanlen;

			refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  mqenc, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  mqenc, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  mqenc, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			refpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  mqenc, 0);

		}
	}

	if (term) {
		jpc_mqenc_flush(mqenc, term - 1);
	}

	return jpc_mqenc_error(mqenc) ? (-1) : 0;
}

#define	rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec, out, vcausalflag) \
{ \
	jpc_fix_t d; \
	jpc_fix_t v; \
	if (((*(fp)) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT)) == JPC_SIG) { \
		d = *(dp); \
		*(nmsedec) += JPC_GETREFNMSEDEC(abs(d), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
		v = (abs(d) & (one)) ? 1 : 0; \
		if (jpc_bitstream_putbit((out), v) == EOF) { \
			return -1; \
		} \
		*(fp) |= JPC_REFINE; \
	} \
}

static int jpc_encrawrefpass(jpc_bitstream_t *out, int bitpos, int vcausalflag, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
	int i;
	int j;
	int k;
	int one;
	int vscanlen;
	int width;
	int height;
	int frowstep;
	int drowstep;
	int fstripestep;
	int dstripestep;
	jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *dstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
	jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart;
	jpc_fix_t *dp;
	jpc_fix_t *fp;

	*nmsedec = 0;
	width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
	height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
	frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
	drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
	fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
	dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

	one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

	fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
	dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
	for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
	  dstripestart += dstripestep) {
		fvscanstart = fstripestart;
		dvscanstart = dstripestart;
		vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
		for (j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {
			fp = fvscanstart;
			dp = dvscanstart;
			k = vscanlen;

			rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  out, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  out, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  out, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			rawrefpass_step(fp, dp, bitpos, one, nmsedec,
			  out, vcausalflag);

		}
	}

	if (term) {
		jpc_bitstream_outalign(out, 0x2a);
	}

	return 0;
}

/******************************************************************************\
* Code for cleanup pass.
\******************************************************************************/

#define	clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one, orient, nmsedec, mqenc, label1, label2, vcausalflag) \
{ \
	int f; \
	int v; \
label1 \
	f = *(fp); \
	if (!(f & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT))) { \
		jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_GETZCCTXNO(f, (orient))); \
		v = (abs(*(dp)) & (one)) ? 1 : 0; \
		jpc_mqenc_putbit((mqenc), v); \
		if (v) { \
label2 \
			f = *(fp); \
			/* Coefficient is significant. */ \
			*(nmsedec) += JPC_GETSIGNMSEDEC(abs(*(dp)), (bitpos) + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS); \
			jpc_mqenc_setcurctx((mqenc), JPC_GETSCCTXNO(f)); \
			v = ((*(dp) < 0) ? 1 : 0); \
			jpc_mqenc_putbit((mqenc), v ^ JPC_GETSPB(f)); \
			JPC_UPDATEFLAGS4((fp), (frowstep), v, vcausalflag); \
			*(fp) |= JPC_SIG; \
		} \
	} \
	*(fp) &= ~JPC_VISIT; \
}

static int jpc_encclnpass(jpc_mqenc_t *mqenc, int bitpos, int orient, int vcausalflag, int segsymflag, jas_matrix_t *flags,
  jas_matrix_t *data, int term, long *nmsedec)
{
	int i;
	int j;
	int k;
	int vscanlen;
	int v;
	int runlen;
	jpc_fix_t *fp;
	int width;
	int height;
	jpc_fix_t *dp;
	int one;
	int frowstep;
	int drowstep;
	int fstripestep;
	int dstripestep;
	jpc_fix_t *fstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *dstripestart;
	jpc_fix_t *fvscanstart;
	jpc_fix_t *dvscanstart;

	*nmsedec = 0;
	width = jas_matrix_numcols(data);
	height = jas_matrix_numrows(data);
	frowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(flags);
	drowstep = jas_matrix_rowstep(data);
	fstripestep = frowstep << 2;
	dstripestep = drowstep << 2;

	one = 1 << (bitpos + JPC_NUMEXTRABITS);

	fstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(flags, 1, 1);
	dstripestart = jas_matrix_getref(data, 0, 0);
	for (i = height; i > 0; i -= 4, fstripestart += fstripestep,
	  dstripestart += dstripestep) {
		fvscanstart = fstripestart;
		dvscanstart = dstripestart;
		vscanlen = JAS_MIN(i, 4);
		for (j = width; j > 0; --j, ++fvscanstart, ++dvscanstart) {

			fp = fvscanstart;
			if (vscanlen >= 4 && !((*fp) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT |
			  JPC_OTHSIGMSK)) && (fp += frowstep, !((*fp) & (JPC_SIG |
			  JPC_VISIT | JPC_OTHSIGMSK))) && (fp += frowstep, !((*fp) &
			  (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT | JPC_OTHSIGMSK))) && (fp += frowstep,
			  !((*fp) & (JPC_SIG | JPC_VISIT | JPC_OTHSIGMSK)))) {
				dp = dvscanstart;
				for (k = 0; k < vscanlen; ++k) {
					v = (abs(*dp) & one) ? 1 : 0;
					if (v) {
						break;
					}
					dp += drowstep;
				}
				runlen = k;
				if (runlen >= 4) {
					jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_AGGCTXNO);
					jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 0);
					continue;
				}
				jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_AGGCTXNO);
				jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 1);
				jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_UCTXNO);
				jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, runlen >> 1);
				jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, runlen & 1);
				fp = fvscanstart + frowstep * runlen;
				dp = dvscanstart + drowstep * runlen;
				k = vscanlen - runlen;
				switch (runlen) {
				case 0:
					goto clnpass_partial0;
					break;
				case 1:
					goto clnpass_partial1;
					break;
				case 2:
					goto clnpass_partial2;
					break;
				case 3:
					goto clnpass_partial3;
					break;
				}
			} else {
				runlen = 0;
				fp = fvscanstart;
				dp = dvscanstart;
				k = vscanlen;
				goto clnpass_full0;
			}
			clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
			  orient, nmsedec, mqenc, clnpass_full0:, clnpass_partial0:, vcausalflag);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
				orient, nmsedec, mqenc, ;, clnpass_partial1:, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
				orient, nmsedec, mqenc, ;, clnpass_partial2:, 0);
			if (--k <= 0) {
				continue;
			}
			fp += frowstep;
			dp += drowstep;
			clnpass_step(fp, frowstep, dp, bitpos, one,
				orient, nmsedec, mqenc, ;, clnpass_partial3:, 0);
		}
	}

	if (segsymflag) {
		jpc_mqenc_setcurctx(mqenc, JPC_UCTXNO);
		jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 1);
		jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 0);
		jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 1);
		jpc_mqenc_putbit(mqenc, 0);
	}

	if (term) {
		jpc_mqenc_flush(mqenc, term - 1);
	}

	return jpc_mqenc_error(mqenc) ? (-1) : 0;
}
