
                                 Mesa 3.4
                         (stable release version)

                     Copyright (C) 1995-2000  Brian Paul

                              www.mesa3d.org


Disclaimer
==========

Mesa is a 3-D graphics library with an API which is very similar to that
of OpenGL*.  To the extent that Mesa utilizes the OpenGL command syntax
or state machine, it is being used with authorization from Silicon Graphics,
Inc.  However, the author makes no claim that Mesa is in any way a
compatible replacement for OpenGL or associated with Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Those who want a licensed implementation of OpenGL should contact a licensed
vendor.

While Mesa is not a licensed OpenGL implementation, it is currently
being tested with the OpenGL conformance tests.  For the current
conformance status see the CONFORM file included in the Mesa distribution.

* OpenGL(R) is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc.



Author
======

Brian Paul
brian@mesa3d.org



Copyright Information
=====================

See the docs/COPYRIGHT file.



Introduction
============

While Mesa uses the OpenGL API and mimics its semantics, it is
important to understand that Mesa is not a real implementation of OpenGL
since it is not licensed.  That said, Mesa is still a viable alternative
to OpenGL.  Most OpenGL applications should run with Mesa without code
changes.

The first six years of Mesa development were done during my spare time
from August 1993 to August 1999.  Now, much of the Mesa development
work is done during my working hours with Precision Insight, Inc.

The core library was originally written on an Amiga using the DCC compiler.
Later, development was moved to an SGI workstation.  Current development
is done on PC/Linux systems.

Mesa works on most Unix workstations with ANSI C and X11.  There are also
drivers for Amiga, Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, MS DOS, NeXT, BeOS and
other systems.  Unix/X11 is still the best-supported platform.

Since the OpenGL API is used, OpenGL documentation can serve as the
documentation for Mesa's core functions.  Visit http://www.opengl.org/
for extensive OpenGL information.

The primary design goal of this library has been correctness.  Performance
has been a secondary (but still very important!) priority.  At this point,
most common rendering operations have been optimized a great deal.
However, if you find an obscure code path that isn't as fast as you
think it could be (like glDrawPixels with lookup tables and a crazy
blend mode) send a note to the author; it might not be hard to improve
the path.  Better yet, try optimizing that path yourself and send a patch.



Getting the software
====================

Mesa can be downloaded from
http://sourceforge.net/project/filelist.php?group_id=3 or from
http://www.mesa3d.org/

Since version 2.3, Mesa is distributed in two pieces:  main library code
and demos.  If you're upgrading from a previous version of Mesa or you're not
interested in the demos you can just download the core Mesa archive file.

Mesa is available in at least three archive formats:

1. GNU zip/tar

	Download MesaLib-3.4.tar.gz and optionally MesaDemos-3.4.tar.gz
	Unpack with:
		gzcat MesaLib-3.4.tar.gz | tar xf -
		gzcat MesaDemos-3.4.tar.gz | tar xf -
	or
		gunzip MesaLib-3.4.tar.gz ; tar xf MesaLib-3.4.tar
		gunzip MesaDemos-3.4.tar.gz ; tar xf MesaLib-3.4.tar
	or
		tar zxf MesaLib-3.4.tar.gz
		tar zxf MesaDemos-3.4.tar.gz

	If you don't have gzcat try zcat instead.

2. Unix compressed/tar

	Download MesaLib-3.4.tar.Z and optionally MesaDemos-3.4.tar.Z
	Unpack with:
		zcat MesaLib-3.4.tar.Z | tar xf -
		zcat MesaDemos-3.4.tar.Z | tar xf -

3. ZIP format

	Download MesaLib-3.4.zip and optionally MesaDemos-3.4.zip
	Unpack with:
		unzip MesaLib-3.4.zip
		unzip MesaDemos-3.4.zip


Note, there may be other package formats on the Mesa ftp/web site.


After unpacking you'll have these files (and more):

docs/README	- this file
docs/README.*	- detailed information for specific OS/hardware systems
docs/COPYRIGHT	- copyright info
docs/VERSIONS	- version history
docs/RELNOTES	- release notes for the new version
docs/CONFORM	- results of conformance testing
Makefile.X11	- "old" top-level Makefile for X11-based systems
Make-config	- "old" system configurations used by the Makefiles
bin/mklib.*	- shell scripts for making shared libraries for some systems
include/	- client include files
lib/		- client libraries, created during installation
src/		- source code for core library
src-glu/	- source code for utility library
util/		- handly utility functions
widgets-mesa/	- Mesa widgets for Xt/Motif
widgets-sgi/	- SGI OpenGL widgets for Xt/Motif

and if you downloaded and unpacked the demos:

src-glut/	- source code for GLUT toolkit
demos/		- GLUT demos
xdemos/		- X11 and SVGA demo programs
samples/	- sample OpenGL programs from SGI
book/		- example programs from the OpenGL Programming Guide,
		  converted to GLUT by Mark Kilgard, from GLUT distribution.
images/		- image files
3Dfx/		- 3Dfx demos and tests
mtdemos/	- multi-threading demos



GLUT
====

Mesa 2.5 and later includes Mark Kilgard's GLUT library (GL Utility Toolkit).
GLUT is built automatically on systems which support it.

The GLUT tests, demos, examples, etc are not included, just the main library.
To obtain the latest complete release of GLUT please visit
http://reality.sgi.com/employees/mjk_asd/glut3/glut3.html



Compiling and Installation
==========================

See the INSTALL file for instructions.



Using the Library
=================

Performance tips for software rendering:
   1. Turn off smooth shading when you don't need it (glShadeModel)
   2. Turn off depth buffering when you don't need it.
   3. Turn off dithering when not needed.
   4. Use double buffering as it's often faster than single buffering
   5. Compile in the X Shared Memory extension option if it's supported
      on your system by adding -DSHM to CFLAGS and -lXext to XLIBS for
      your system in the Make-config file.
   6. Recompile Mesa with more optimization if possible.
   7. Try to maximize the amount of drawing done between glBegin/glEnd pairs.
   8. Use the MESA_BACK_BUFFER variable to find best performance in double
      buffered mode.  (X users only)
   9. Optimized polygon rasterizers are employed when:
         rendering into back buffer which is an XImage
         RGB mode, not grayscale, not monochrome
         depth buffering is GL_LESS, or disabled
         flat or smooth shading
         dithered or non-dithered
         no other rasterization operations enabled (blending, stencil, etc)
  10. Optimized line drawing is employed when:
         rendering into back buffer which is an XImage
         RGB mode, not grayscale, not monochrome
         depth buffering is GL_LESS or disabled
         flat shading
         dithered or non-dithered
         no other rasterization operations enabled (blending, stencil, etc)
  11. Textured polygons are fastest when:
         using a 3-component (RGB), 2-D texture
         minification and magnification filters are GL_NEAREST
         texture coordinate wrap modes for S and T are GL_REPEAT
         GL_DECAL environment mode
         glHint( GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_FASTEST )
         depth buffering is GL_LESS or disabled
  12. Lighting is fastest when:
         Two-sided lighting is disabled
         GL_LIGHT_MODEL_LOCAL_VIEWER is false
         GL_COLOR_MATERIAL is disabled
         No spot lights are used (all GL_SPOT_CUTOFFs are 180.0)
         No local lights are used (all position W's are 0.0)
         All material and light coefficients are >= zero
  13. XFree86 users:  if you want to use 24-bit color try starting your
      X server in 32-bit per pixel mode for better performance.  That is,
      start your X server with
         startx -- -bpp 32
      instead of
         startx -- -bpp 24
  14. Try disabling dithering with the MESA_NO_DITHER environment variable.
      If this env var is defined Mesa will disable dithering and the
      command glEnable(GL_DITHER) will be ignored.


Debugging:
   Normally Mesa records but does not notify the user of errors.  It is up
   to the application to call glGetError to check for errors.  Mesa supports
   an environment variable, MESA_DEBUG, to help with debugging.  If MESA_DEBUG
   is defined, a message will be printed to stdout whenever an error occurs.

   More extensive error checking is done when Mesa is compiled with the
   DEBUG symbol defined.  You'll have to edit the Make-config file and
   add -DDEBUG to the CFLAGS line for your system configuration.  You may
   also want to replace any optimization flags with the -g flag so you can
   use your debugger.  After you've edited Make-config type 'make clean'
   before recompiling.

   In your debugger you can set a breakpoint in gl_error() to trap Mesa
   errors.

   There is a display list printing/debugging facility.  See the end of
   src/dlist.c for details.


Fortran bindings:
   Fortan bindings are no longer included with Mesa.  William F. Mitchell
   (william.mitchell@nist.gov) has developed a new set of Mesa/OpenGL and
   GLUT bindings for Fortran.  See http://math.nist.gov/f90gl for more
   information.


Off-screen rendering:
   Mesa 1.2.4 introduced off-screen rendering, a facility for generating
   3-D imagery without having to open a window on your display.  Mesa's
   simple off-screen rendering interface is completely operating system
   and window system independent so programs which use off-screen rendering
   should be very portable.  This new feature effectively enables you to
   use Mesa as an off-line, batch-oriented renderer.

   The "OSMesa" API provides 3 functions for making off-screen renderings:
   OSMesaCreateContext(), OSMesaMakeCurrent(), and OSMesaDestroyContext().
   See the Mesa/include/GL/osmesa.h header for more information.  See the
   demos/osdemo.c file for an example program.   There is no facility for
   writing images to files.

   If you want to generate large images (larger than 1280x1024) you'll
   have to edit the src/config.h file to change MAX_WIDTH and MAX_HEIGHT
   then recompile Mesa.  Image size should only be limited by available
   memory.


Profiling (may no longer work in Mesa 3.1 or later, sorry):
   Mesa 1.2.6 introduced a simple profiling facility.  It counts and
   measures the time spent in a number of important rendering operations
   and prints the information in a report before your program exits.

   By default, profiling is disabled.  To enable it, add -DPROFILE to
   the appropriate CFLAGS entry in the Make-config file, then recompile
   Mesa.  In general, you should only enable profiling during program
   development to gain insight into Mesa's performance.  Mesa runs a bit
   slower when profiling is enabled because it requires frequent polling
   of the system clock.

   The profiling report will be printed when glXDestroyContext is called
   _if_ the MESA_PROFILE environment variable is set.  You must be sure
   glXDestroyContext is called before exiting to get the profile report.
   The report will be printed to stdout and includes:

      glBegin/glEnd - number of glBegin/glEnd pairs called, total time,
         and rate in pairs/second.
      vertexes transformed - number of vertices transformed, lit, clip-
         tested, fogged, and mapped to window coordinates, total time,
         and rate in vertexes/second.
      points rasterized - number of points drawn, time, and rate.
      lines rasterized - number of lines drawn, time, and rate.
      polygons rasterized - number of polygons drawn, time and rate.
      overhead - time between glBegin/glEnd not accounted for by vertexes,
         points, lines, and polygons.  This is time spent executing
         glVertex, glNormal, glColor, etc, clipping, primitive assembly,
         and user code between glBegin/glEnd.
      glClear - number of glClears executed, total time and clears/second.
      SwapBuffers - number of swaps executed, total time and swaps/second.

   Note that the real point, line, and polygon rates should be computed by
      adding in the vertex transformation and overhead time factors.


Extensions:
   Mesa supports quite a few OpenGL extensions.  The set of available
   extensions depends on the device driver you're using.  Run the glinfo
   program to learn which extensions are available on your computer.

   There are a few Mesa-specific extensions:

   GL_MESA_window_pos

      This extension adds the glWindowPos*MESA() functions.  These functions
      are convenient alternatives to glRasterPos*() because they set the
      current raster position to a specific window coordinate, bypassing the
      usual modelview, projection and viewport transformations.  This is
      especially useful for setting the position for glDrawPixels() or
      glBitmap() to a specific window coordinate.

      See the docs/MESA_window_pos.spec file for details.

   GL_MESA_resize_buffers

      This extension adds the glResizeBuffersMESA() function.  When this
      function is called, Mesa checks if the color buffer (window) has
      been resized.  If it has, Mesa reallocates the ancillary (depth,
      stencil, accum) buffers.

      Normally, Mesa checks for window size changes whenever glViewport()
      is called.  In some applications it may not be appropriate to call
      glViewport() when the window is resized.  Such applications should
      call glResizeBuffersMESA() instead so the ancillary buffers are
      correctly updated.

      See the docs/MESA_resize_buffers.spec file for more details.
      This extension is new in version 2.2.


Runtime Configuration File:
   See the CONFIG file for information on how to setup a Mesa runtime
   config file.


Version 2.x features:
   Version 2.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 1.1 API with the following
   new features.

   Texture mapping:
	glAreTexturesResident
	glBindTexture
	glCopyTexImage1D
	glCopyTexImage2D
	glCopyTexSubImage1D
	glCopyTexSubImage2D
	glDeleteTextures
	glGenTextures
	glIsTexture
	glPrioritizeTextures
	glTexSubImage1D
	glTexSubImage2D

   Vertex Arrays:
	glArrayElement
	glColorPointer
	glDrawElements
	glEdgeFlagPointer
	glIndexPointer
	glInterleavedArrays
	glNormalPointer
	glTexCoordPointer
	glVertexPointer

   Client state management:
	glDisableClientState
	glEnableClientState
	glPopClientAttrib
	glPushClientAttrib

   Misc:
	glGetPointer
	glIndexub
	glIndexubv
	glPolygonOffset


Version 3.x features:
   Version 3.x of Mesa implements the OpenGL 1.2 API with the following
   new features:

   BGR, BGRA and packed pixel formats
   New texture border clamp mode
   glDrawRangeElements()
   standard 3-D texturing
   advanced MIPMAP control
   separate specular color interpolation


Summary of environment variables:
   MESA_DEBUG - if defined, error messages are printed to stderr
   MESA_NO_DITHER - disable dithering, overriding glEnable(GL_DITHER)
   MESA_RGB_VISUAL - specifies the X visual and depth for RGB mode (X only)
   MESA_CI_VISUAL - specifies the X visual and depth for CI mode (X only)
   MESA_BACK_BUFFER - specifies how to implement the back color buffer (X only)
   MESA_PRIVATE_CMAP - force aux/tk libraries to use private colormaps (X only)
   MESA_GAMMA - gamma correction coefficients (X only)
   MESA_PROFILE - enable reporting of performance measurements
   MESA_XSYNC - enable synchronous X behavior (for X debugging only)



Mailing List
============

Visit the Mesa web site at http://www.mesa3d.org to join the mailing
lists.  There is a user's list and developer's list.



Reporting Bugs
==============

If you think you've found a bug in Mesa:

   1. Check if there's a new version of Mesa to download.

   2. Check if the bug has already been reported in the Mesa bug
      database at http://www.mesa3d.org

   3. If you've found a new bug, submit it to the bug database.
      Provide as much information as possible!  Check back on the
      bug report from time to time to monitor its status.

   4. Please provide small test programs when possible.


The following people have made contributions to the Mesa project
and may be able to help with specific problems:

Area			Contact
----------------------	-------------------------------------------
GLU polygon tessellator	Gareth Hugues  gareth@precisioninsight
GLU NURBS		Bogdan Sikorski  bogdan@cira.it
Evaluators		Bernd Barsuhn  bernd@berlin.muc.de
Xt/Motif widgets	Thorsten Ohl  ohl@crunch.ikp.physik.th-darmstadt.de
			  and Jeroen van der Zijp  jvz@cyberia.cfdrc.com
Fortran bindings	William Mitchell  william.mitchell@nist.gov
Amiga driver		Stefan Zivkovic  d94sz@efd.lth.se
Amiwin driver		Victor Ng-Thow-Hing  victorng@dgp.toronto.edu
Macintosh driver	Miklos Fazekas  boga@augusta.elte.hu
NeXT driver		Pascal Thibaudeau pthibaud@frbdx11.cribx1.u-bordeaux.fr
OS/2 driver		Darren Abbott  abbott@hiwaay.net
VMS support		Jouk Jansen  joukj@crys.chem.uva.nl
Windows 95/NT driver	Theodore A. Jump  tjump@spgs.com
MS-DOS driver		Charlie Wallace  cwallace@dreamworks.com
BeOS driver		Tinic Uro  5uro@informatik.uni-hamburg.de
GLX encoder/decoder	Steven Parker  sparker@taz.cs.utah.edu
SciTech MGL driver	Kendall Bennett  KendallB@scitechsoft.com
Cygnus Win32 support	No maintainer.  Any volunteers?
S3 Virge driver		rkoduri@s3.com or pcgamedev@s3.com
Allegro DJGPP driver	Bernhard Tschirren  bernie-t@geocities.com
Direct3D driver		Leigh McRae  leigh@altsoftware.com
GGI driver		Jon Taylor  jtaylor@creaf.com
Mailing list help	Pedro Vazquez  vazquez@iqm.unicamp.br

None of the people on this list are under any obligation to respond to bug
reports.  However, they have been pretty helpful so far.



Why is it the library called Mesa?
==================================

Why not?  More obvious names were considered but had to be rejected:
FreeGL (too similar to the trademarked name OpenGL), Free3D (too similar
to DEC's Open3D).  Also, I'm tired of acronyms.



Contributors
============

Many people have contributed to Mesa.  I really appreciate the help!
See the Mesa web site for a list of past and current contributors.

If you want to help with Mesa, first join the Mesa developer's
mailing list.  Then post a message explaining what you might like
to help with.  The Mesa web page has a list of a few work items
which you may consider.

Anyone is welcome to contribute code to the Mesa project, provided you
agree to the copyright terms of the relevant code.  See the COPYRIGHT
file.

If you're contribution code to the Mesa library itself:
   1. Try to write clean code (uniform indentation, comments, meaningful
      identifiers, etc).  It must be readable and maintainable!
   2. Test your code.  On several occations I've incorporated code from
      users which later turned out to have bugs.  Now, I'm pretty hesitant
      to use code which doesn't look good.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
$Id: README,v 3.28.2.1 2000/11/02 18:05:34 brianp Exp $
