   "     Digital's 21064 Microprocessor  ;     21st Century 64-bit RISC Computing Architecture--Today!          :     The Highest Performance Microprocessor in the Industry  H     The 21064 microprocessor is the first product implementing Digital'sH     new 64-bit RISC computing architecture. Digital's internal code name#     for this architecture is Alpha.  		    C     The result of a twelve-year investment in research, design, and L     fabrication, Digital's 21064 microprocessor has the highest performance F     of any microprocessor in the industry. The current 150 MHz versionH     offers performance that peaks at 300 million instructions per secondI     (MIPS) and 150 million floating-point operations per second (MFLOPS). K     Computer systems built around this microprocessor will be part of a new H     generation--a generation of systems that is setting the standard for"     computing in the 21st century.  K     The 21064 microprocessor is the first implementation of an architecture I     designed with the capacity and performance potential to last at least E     25 years.  In keeping with the growing needs of users everywhere, H     Digital designed the architecture so that future implementations canD     realize this potential through increased chip speed, advances inB     multiple instruction issue, and multiprocessor configurations.   B     With the 21064 microprocessor, everyone wins. _Current DigitalE     customers_ know that the applications they use today will migrate C     easily and cost-effectively to the new architecture.  _Software B     developers_ will find that the software they wrote for VAX andG     DECsystem computers can  migrate easily to 21064-based systems. Any I     software they design to take advantage of the Alpha architecture will B     have a variety of platforms that will provide industry-leadingJ     performance into the 21st century. And  _hardware developers_ will win@     when they create products that use the 21064 microprocessor.            Highlights  A     o   The 21064 microprocessor implements the full 64-bit Alpha F         architecture using Digital's state-of-the-art CMOS technology.  C     o   The current 150 MHz implementation provides the highest CPU I         performance in the industry -- 300 peak MIPS and 150 peak MFLOPS.   C     o   Its single-chip implementation provides higher performance, ;         improved reliability, and significantly lower cost.   >     o   Full application and development support is available.     2     Alpha -- An Architecture for the 21st Century    J     The Alpha architecture is a full RISC architecture without compromises@     in its short- or long-term performance. This is not a 32-bitG     architecture expanded to 64 bits. Alpha was designed to be a 64-bit +     architecture right from the very start.   I     Why 64 bits? A full 64-bit system gives you an extended address space I     for truly demanding applications.  This is particularly important for F     applications such as molecular modeling, advanced CAD, and weatherK     forecasting -- which are expected to reach performance limitations with )     32-bit technology in the near future.          Designed for Speed  I     The initial chip implementation is based on Digital's leadership 0.75 K     micron CMOS VLSI technology, which has produced the fastest chip in the H     industry. This technology is the result of more than twelve years ofH     investment in quality, design, and process improvements. The result:J     the first-pass chips were fully functional and worked at full speed --A     a stunning achievement considering the complexity involved in -     integrating 1.7 million discrete devices.   C     When you look at the 21064 microprocessor, you are looking at a J     technology that will continue to improve as the years go by. Digital'sD     long-term investment in semiconductor technology ensures ongoingI     performance improvements. The Alpha architecture has been designed so F     that it can cater not only to increased multiple instruction-issueK     implementations, but also to the needs of massively parallel processing      (MPP).    J     One of the reasons the 21064 microprocessor is so fast is that it is aF     single-chip implementation of the architecture. In addition to theH     performance edge, single-chip implementations offer other advantagesI     that make them cheaper to produce than multiple-chip implementations. J     They use less power, generate less heat, and require less space on theF     circuit board. Also, fewer componets usually means a more reliable     product.   F     The 21064 is a super-scalar, super-pipelined implementation of theK     Alpha architecture. Super-pipelined means that an instruction is issued C     to the functional units at every clock tick and the results are J     pipelined. Being super-scalar, the architecture allows the instruction?     unit to issue two instructions per clock tick, resulting in 4     significantly higher throughput and performance.  2     The Founding Member of a Large Extended Family  K     The 21064 is the first in a family of microprocessor implementations of I     the Alpha architecture. This family of devices will provide optimized E     solutions for systems from the desktop to the datacenter. This is H     unlike many competitors' RISC implementations, which are oriented toI     only one style of system, such as workstations.  Like the VAX family, D     all implementations of the Alpha architecture will be capable of5     running the same system and application software.      2     Multiprocessing Supports the Biggest Workloads  =     The 21064 has been designed to support multiple-processor I     configurations. When processing demands are especially high, multiple >     processors can be linked to share massive workloads.  WithB     multiprocessing, systems implementing the 21064 can range fromF     single-chip computers to  massively parallel processor systems. AsG     years of success with multiprocessing on Digital's VAX systems have C     proven, this kind of flexibility is a must for high performance      systems.     0     Choose the Best Operating System for the Job   K     Several characteristics of the Alpha architecture set new standards for H     comparison in the industry. The Alpha architecture has been designedI     from the start to be unbiased towards operating systems. For example, J     the architecture is being introduced to support both the OSF/1 and VMSH     operating systems -- with few compromises in speed or functionality.  H     The architecture is new, but users' investments in VAX and DECsystemI     applications is protected with technology like the binary translator, J     which allows existing applications to run on 21064-based systems.  TheJ     binary translator technology is state-of-the-art and is not limited toG     only VAX or DECsystem computers -- other translators can be built.     J     The 21064 microprocessor also includes both VAX and IEEE floating dataH     types. This is consistent with the VAX architecture and supports the,     most widely accepted industry standards.  D     The architecture includes a very flexible, privileged library ofJ     software for optimizing the performance of specific operating systems.F     One version of this software allows the architecture to run a fullD     version of the VMS operating system that mirrors many of the VAXI     operating system features. Another version of the software supports a K     version of the OSF/1 operating system that mirrors all of the DECsystem C     operating system features. Other versions could be tailored for E     real-time, teaching, or other special uses. This library makes it K     possible for virtually any operating system to run efficiently on Alpha      systems.        The Open Advantage  K     The 21064 microprocessor is strong testimony to Digital's commitment to J     delivering the Open Advantage to our customers. Openness also requiresE     open business practices. So, in addition to selling systems build H     around the 21064 microprocessor, Digital will license the technologyJ     and form partnerships with vendors who want to use the architecture inJ     their systems or embed the microprocessor in special-purpose products.G     To complement the open technology and open business practices, open F     service offerings range from simple requirements such as replacingK     spare Digital or non-Digital parts to actually outsourcing and managing       complex information centers.              Specifications  +     Process Technology		   .75 micron CMOS    $     Cycle Time			   150 MHz (6.6 ns)  !     Die Size			   13.9mm x 16.8mm   %     Transistor Count		   1.68 million        Package			   431 pin PGA        Number of Signal Pins	   291  .     Power Dissipation		   23 W at 6.6 ns cycle       Power Supply		   3.3 volts  ,     Clocking Input		   300 MHz differential   9     On-chip D-cache		   8 Kbyte, physical, direct-mapped, 0 				   write-through, 32-byte line, 32-byte fill  9     On-chip I-cache		   8 Kbyte, physical, direct-mapped, * 				   32-byte line, 32-byte fill, 64 ASNs  :     On-chip DTB			   32-entry; fully-associative; 8-Kbyte,. 				   64-Kbyte, 256-Kbyte, 4-Mbyte page sizes  =     On-chip ITB			   8-entry, fully associative, 8-Kbyte page 4 				   plus 4-entry, fully-associative, 4-Mbyte page  B     Floating Point Unit		   On-chip FPU supports both IEEE and VAX 				   floating point   ,     Bus				   Separate data and address bus. 				   128-bit/64-bit data bus  7     Serial ROM Interface	   Allows the chip to directly  				   access serial ROM  4     Virtual Address Size	   64 bits checked; 43 bits 				   implemented  0     Physical Address Size	   34 bits implemented       Page Size			   8 Kbytes   6     Issue Rate			   2 instructions per cycle to A-box, 				   E-box, or F-box  )     Integer Pipeline		   7-stage pipeline   +     Floating Pipeline		   10-stage pipeline           Service and Support    H     Twenty-four hours a day, 365 days a year, Digital's Customer SupportK     Centers around the world offer state-of-the-art hardware, software, and D     network solutions. Besides supporting our own equipment, Digital>     provides first-class service for other vendors' equipment.  G     More than 40,000 professionals in 450 locations worldwide deliver a A     wide range of services. These include services for developing J     information systems solutions and integrating them with your business,:     organization, technical environment, and architecture.  G     Digital is committed to providing a wide range of services designed K     specifically for vendors who are incorporating the 21064 microprocessor D     into their own products. Services range from training, telephone@     support, and design-in services, to service partnerships and?     private-label service offerings for vendors' end customers.           For More Information  =     To learn more about pricing and availability of the 21064 H     microprocessor in its 150 MHz or faster clock rate versions, contactK     your local Digital sales representative. Or, in the United States, call )     1-800-DEC-2717; 1-800-DEC-2515 (TTY).     J     Digital believes the information in this publication is accurate as ofG     its publication date; such information is subject to change without      notice.   G     The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: DEC, >     DECsystem, the DIGITAL logo, Open Advantage, VAX, and VMS.  E     OSF/1 is a registered trademark of Open Software Foundation, Inc.      