tPCSI$2OpenVMS VAX POLYCENTER Software Installation X0.0a DECVAXVMSDFUV$product DEC VAXVMS DFU V2.4-2 full ;2 software DEC VAXVMS VMS version minimum V6.1 ;v file [SYSEXE]DFU.EXE assemble execute "@pcsi$source:[sysexe]vax_dfulnk.com" assemble uses ([SYSEXE]VAX_DFULNK.COM,E [SYSEXE]DFU_VAX.OBJ,[SYSEXE]VAX_DFULIB.OLB,[SYSEXE]DFU_VAX.OPT) ;% file [SYSHLP]DFUHLP.HLB size 77 ;4 file [SYSHLP]DFUECO2_024.RELEASE_NOTES size 10 ;. file [SYS$STARTUP]DFU$STARTUP.COM size 1 ;d execute postinstall "$ mail/noself nl: 54730::dorland/subj=""DFU I2.4-2 Installed via PCSI"" " ; option TXT_RELNOTES ;$ file [SYSHLP]DFU024.LINE size 404 ; end option ; option PS_RELNOTES ;" file [SYSHLP]DFU024.PS size 601 ; end option ; option BOOK_RELNOTES ;) file [SYSHLP]DFU024.DECW$BOOK size 328 ;, file [SYSHLP]DFU024.DECW$BOOKSHELF size 1 ; end option ; option HTML_RELNOTES ;# file [SYSHLP]DFU024.HTML size 67 ;' file [SYSHLP]DFU024_001.HTML size 68 ;' file [SYSHLP]DFU024_002.HTML size 67 ;' file [SYSHLP]DFU024_003.HTML size 30 ;, file [SYSHLP]DFU024_CONTENTS.HTML size 14 ; end option ; end product ;00 'PRODUCT'1#Disk and File Utilities for OpenVMS0TXT_RELNOTES'1Documentation in Text format0 PS_RELNOTES'1"Documentation in PostScript format0BOOK_RELNOTES'1"Documentation in BookReader format0HTML_RELNOTES'1Documentation in HTML format0[SYSEXE]VAX_DFULNK.COM2B%)Ě%Ě{=uct has been selectei#X*1;$ link/nodebu/notrac/exe=pcsi$destination:[sysexe]dfu.exe -Bpcsi$source:[sysexe]dfu_vax.obj,vax_dfulib.olb/lib,dfu_vax.opt/opt0$ if f$id("dfu_allpriv","name_to_number") .eq. 0$ then$$! Create the dfu_allpriv identifier$ set def sys$system"$ mc authorize add/id dfu_allpriv$ endif$ exit 0[SYSEXE]DFU_VAX.OBJ,),  H(|)){=uct has been selectei#X*1>0DFUV1.017-JAN-1997 14:47DEC C V5.5-002PPPPFATAL_HANDP%-20s/%d Exception handler called with code %d P%.*sP%s P PPPASTRTNP%-20s/%d Command Aborted P Current command ABORTING...PDFU_CHECK_ACCESSfP%-20s/%d Privileges Disabled UPDFU_CHECK_ACCESS8P%-20s/%d Privileges Enabled ,PDFU_ALLPRIVPPPP%%DFU-I-DUMPDONE, Screen contents saved in DFU_SCREEN.TXTP%%DFU-E-DUMPERR, Error dumping screen contents,Prop=WBHPrat=crPctx=recPrfm=varPmrs=132PwP%.*s PPPPP[?3lP[?3h\P%%DFU-I-SPAWN, Creating subprocess... RPDFU_sub$ PPHP14:47:14<PJan 17 1997 P DFU Tracing ends at %s %s P%%DFU-E-HELPERR, Error opening help library,PPPP< DFU Help Screen >PDFU PdfuhlpPhelpkeyP|PxPtPpPlPP14:47:14PJan 17 1997P DFU Tracing ends at %s %s PMAINoP%-20s/%d DFU command --> %.*s hPdPhPSELECT\PNEXT_SCREENXPPF4TPDOHPPREV_SCREEN6PDFU$DISABLE_CHECK,P14:47:14 PJan 17 1997PDFU Tracing started at %s %s Prop=WBHPrat=crPctx=recPrfm=varPmrs=132PwPDFU.TRACEPDFU$TRACEP VERIFY : Check and repair disk structurehP UNDELETE : Recover deleted files9P SET : Modify file attributesP SEARCH : Fast file searchP REPORT : Generate a complete disk reportP INDEXF : Modify /View INDEXF.SYSP DIRECTORY : Manipulate directoriesLP DELETE : Delete files by File-ID; delete directory (trees) P DEFRAGMENT : Defragment files or disksP DFU functions are : P Copyright 1997 DIGITAL Equipment Corporation P Internal Use Only!~P Disk and File U DFU_TABLES DECC$EXITSMG$GET_BROADCAST_MESSAGE SYS$PUTMSGACTRTN SYS$GETMSG SMG$PUT_LINE SMG$PUT_CHARS DECC$STRLENSMG$REPAINT_SCREENSMG$CANCEL_INPUT DECC$FREE SYS$IDTOASC DECC$MEMSET DECC$MALLOC SYS$GETJPIWSMG$CHANGE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAYSMG$CHANGE_PBD_CHARACTERISTICSSMG$PUT_PASTEBOARD DUMP_ACTNSMG$SCROLL_VIEWPORT SMG$RING_BELLSMG$GET_VIEWPORT_CHARSMG$RESTORE_PHYSICAL_SCREENSMG$SAVE_PHYSICAL_SCREENSMG$DISABLE_BROADCAST_TRAPPINGLBR$OUTPUT_HELPSMG$DELETE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAYSMG$UNPASTE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAYSMG$PUT_HELP_TEXT STR$CONCAT CLI$GET_VALUE CLI$PRESENTSMG$ERASE_LINE DECC$EXITSMG$SET_CURSOR_MODE CLI$DISPATCH CLI$DCL_PARSESMG$CHANGE_VIEWPORTSMG$ERASE_DISPLAY SPAWN_COMMAND DECC$STRNCMPSMG$READ_COMPOSED_LINESYS$QIOW SYS$ASSIGNDFU_CHECK_ACCESSSMG$END_PASTEBOARD_UPDATESMG$BEGIN_PASTEBOARD_UPDATESMG$SET_CURSOR_ABSSMG$PASTE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAYSMG$LABEL_BORDERSMG$SET_BROADCAST_TRAPPINGSMG$CREATE_VIEWPORTSMG$CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAYSMG$ADD_KEY_DEFSMG$CREATE_KEY_TABLESMG$ERASE_PASTEBOARDSMG$CREATE_VIRTUAL_KEYBOARDSMG$DELETE_PASTEBOARD DECC$GETENVSMG$CREATE_PASTEBOARDPUT_DISP BRDCST_AST FATAL_HAND PRIM_HANDREFRESHASTRTNtilities for OpenVMS DFU I2.4-2`P\PXPTPPPLPHPDP@P<P8P4P0P,PtPDFU$NOSMG PoPHELPhPSELECT\PNEXT_SCREENPPPREV_SCREENLPPF4HPPF2BPDO7PStatisticsP< DFU I2.4-2 (Internal-Use-Only) >PSYS$COMMANDPDFU> (P " O DFU_SCREEN.TXTx^ DECC$MAINZ[ W YXV\8x^Z[ W YXV\TЏzSЏR͜}}Ͼ}Ϻ}؞Ϻ}О}Ȟ}}}ϨϺʴ}ϜϺ}ϸϺ}ϴϵʹʹLIB$GET_FOREIGNPfʹ͸jPg͠ g kSMG$CREATE_PASTEBOARD^ DECC$GETENVPPRbRj$kSMG$DELETE_PASTEBOARD P͠j͠ (kSMG$DELETE_PASTEBOARD|~|~SMG$CREATE_VIRTUAL_KEYBOARDj1kSMG$ERASE_PASTEBOARDSMG$CREATE_KEY_TABLEggͬͬSMG$ADD_KEY_DEFRbͬbͬbͬbͬbͬbͬb|~0ig,SMG$CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAYRb ͨ ͤgͤ4ͨiSMG$CREATE_VIEWPORT|~g8b|~g<b BRDCST_ASTkSMG$SET_BROADCAST_TRAPPING@|~iSMG$LABEL_BORDERD|~SMG$LABEL_BORDERLHkiSMG$PASTE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAYRb ͨPͨkb ͨTͨkb ͨXͨiSMG$SET_CURSOR_ABS`\SMG$SET_CURSOR_ABSkSMG$BEGIN_PASTEBOARD_UPDATEh DECC$DSPRINTF}Ϝhj(h DECC$STRLENP|~|~i SMG$PUT_LINEh DECC$DPRINTFh DECC$DSPRINTF}Jhj*h DECC$STRLENP|~|~i SMG$PUT_LINEPhϾ DECC$DPRINTFϫh DECC$DSPRINTF}hj*h DECC$STRLENP|~|~i SMG$PUT_LINEPhj DECC$DPRINTFj1Bυh DECC$DSPRINTF}ϛhj%h DECC$STRLENP|~|~i SMG$PUT_LINE h DECC$DPRINTFSh DECC$DSPRINTF}Nhj(h DECC$STRLENP|~|~i SMG$PUT_LINEPh DECC$DPRINTF/h DECC$DSPRINTF}hj(h DECC$STRLENP|~|~i SMG$PUT_LINEPhv DECC$DPRINTF#h DECC$DSPRINTF}Ϯxh|j*h DECC$STRLENPx|~|~xi SMG$PUT_LINEPh" DECC$DPRINTFh DECC$DSPRINTF}Zphtj*h DECC$STRLENPp|~|~pi SMG$PUT_LINEPh DECC$DPRINTFh DECC$DSPRINTF}hhlj*h DECC$STRLENPh|~|~hi SMG$PUT_LINEPhz DECC$DPRINTFϭh DECC$DSPRINTF}ϲ`hdj*h DECC$STRLENP`|~|~`i SMG$PUT_LINEPh& DECC$DPRINTF|h DECC$DSPRINTF}^Xh\j*h DECC$STRLENPX|~|~Xi SMG$PUT_LINEPh DECC$DPRINTFWh DECC$DSPRINTF} PhTj*h DECC$STRLENPP|~|~Pi SMG$PUT_LINEPh~ DECC$DPRINTF+h DECC$DSPRINTF}϶HhLj*h DECC$STRLENPH|~|~Hi SMG$PUT_LINEPh* DECC$DPRINTFkSMG$END_PASTEBOARD_UPDATE DECC$GETENVPPRObRJ DECC$FOPENP  DECC$DFPRINTFͰ DECC$GETENVPPRbR ͰPͰDFU_CHECK_ACCESSPf|~  SYS$ASSIGNPf|~|~ |~'  SYS$QIOWPRBlB RRʏ|~|~ l|~# SYS$QIOWS cPfj$|~|~|~|~<#~  cPf7PЏ|~|~REFRESH|~<#~  cPffʹUj/|~|~͸蟭 SMG$READ_COMPOSED_LINEPf#|~|~|~͸蟭 SMG$READ_COMPOSED_LINEPf2f1aͰR|~|~ l|~# SYS$QIOWS cPfj$|~|~|~|~<#~  cPf7PЏ |~|~REFRESH|~<#~  cPff& DECC$DFPRINTF DECC$FCLOSEj1kSMG$DISABLE_BROADCAST_TRAPPINGgegPgkSMG$CHANGE_PBD_CHARACTERISTICSgkSMG$CHANGE_PBD_CHARACTERISTICSggiSMG$CHANGE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAYRbg|~iSMG$CHANGE_VIEWPORTgbgbSMG$SET_CURSOR_ABSkSMG$DELETE_PASTEBOARD DECC$EXITfˏfRR1͸1 j1u ! DECC$STRNCMPPfj͔iSMG$GET_VIEWPORT_CHAR͔͘͘i SMG$RING_BELL1P  R͘R͘iSMG$SCROLL_VIEWPORT1R͘͘iSMG$SCROLL_VIEWPORT1PϮ DECC$STRNCMPPfͰ SPAWN_COMMANDPf1^Pϊ2 DECC$STRNCMPPf1l(ϫyϴϨϜϖy DECC$FOPENP|~ DUMP_ACTNkSMG$PUT_PASTEBOARDPfˏPRR1ωh DECC$DSPRINTF}@hDj(h DECC$STRLENP@|~|~@i SMG$PUT_LINEhZ DECC$DPRINTFRfS}Ϛ8hbh߭cSMG$RESTORE_PHYSICAL_SCREEN BRDCST_ASTcSMG$SET_BROADCAST_TRAPPINGˏfPP1RfW}ϟeRc|~?R SYS$GETMSG% VAX-11 Librarian V04-00ȁh.!-.K   bDFUMSG l DFU_BITMAP" DFU_FILEDIRj DFU_IFSCAN6 DFU_TABLES,V PARSE_UICfjADD_ITEM l ADD_QUOTA l ADD_USAGEjBUILD_DIR_TABLE lCHECK_ADJACENT l CHECK_USAGEjCLEANUP lCOMPARE_BITMAP" COMPDIRjCOPY_FID" CREATE_DIRj CTRLT_AST" DEFRAG_COMMANDj DEFRAG_DISK" DELETE_COMMAND" DELETE_DIRECTORY" DELETE_FILEjDEV_SCAN DFU$_FACILITY DFU_ASSIGN DFU_EXHFAIL DFU_EXPREG DFU_INDEXERR DFU_IOERR DFU_NOPRIV" DIRECTORY_COMMAND" ENTER_BACKLINK_BITMAP" ENTER_FILEj FID_TO_NAME l FLUSH_CACHEjFOLLOW_EXTENTS lGET_HOLEjGET_MAP_POINTERSjGET_NEXT_HEADERjINDEXF_COMMANDj MAKE_LISTjMAKE_PTRj MAKE_SYSLOST" MOVEDIR_TO_LBN" MOVEFILE" MOVE_TO_LBN l NEW_BITMAPj OPEN_DEVICEj PARSE_ITEM" PARSE_TREE,V PARSE_UIC l READ_BITMAPjREAD_INDEXF_BITMAPl REPORT_USAGE l SCAN_BITMAP" SCAN_DIRECTORIES l SET_BITMAP" SET_COMMANDS DFU_ASSIGNENTER_BACKLINKREAD_INDEXF_BITMAP VERIFY_HEADERD DFU_EXHFAIL DFU_EXPREGj DFU_HANDLER DFU_INDEXERR DFU_IOERR DFU_NOPRIV6 DFU_TABLES" DIRECTORY_COMMANDjDISASS_MAP_PTRj DISPLAY_STATjDO_ABORT" ENTER_BACKLINK;jREAD_INDEXF_MULTI lREBUILD_BITMAP" REMOVE_FILEjREPORT_COMMANDjREPORT_LOST_FILES l REPORT_USAGE l SCAN_BITMAP" SCAN_DIRECTORIESjSEARCH_COMMAND l SET_BITMAP" SET_COMMAND,VUIC_KEY,V UIC_STATEj UNDEL_COMMANDjVERIFY_COMMANDj VERIFY_HEADER 13X!6UL,P!30AS!9UL/!9!6UL !9UL/!9(P!%IP%%DFU-I-ADDQUOTA, updating diskquota...P%s P%%DFU-S-RBDBITMAP, BITMAP.SYS succesfully rebuildP%%DFU-E-RBDBMAP, Error rewriting BITMAP.SYS,P%s PP%%DFU-E-ALLOCCLR, blocks LBN %d through %d incorrectly marked allocatedHP%s P%%DFU-E-ALLOCSET, blocks LBN %d through %d incorrectly marked freeP%s P%%DFU-E-ALLOCCLR, blocks LBN %d through %d incorrectly marked allocatedP%s pP%%DFU-E-ALLOCSET, blocks LBN %d through %d incorrectly marked freelP%s @P%%DFU-I-CHKBITMAP, Checking BITMAP.SYS...P%%DFU-E-MULTALLOC, file %.*s blocks LBN %d through %d already allocatedP P%%DFU-E-MULTALLOC, file %.*s blocks LBN %d through %d already allocatedP PSCAN_BITMAPvP%-20s/%d Hole : %d at LBN %d NP%%DFU-E-READERR, Error reading bitmap,(P%%DFU-E-BITMAP, Error opening bitmap,PFLUSH_CACHEP%-20s/%d , ACP status = %d P% ^RPP~ DECC$MEMSET |~|~|~b82~ SYS$QIOWPSSO~  DECC$DFPRINTFSP<^RPXP~X DECC$MEMSET\^|`[լ  Џ8XЏXrT|~|~|~bT2~ SYS$QIOWPSʏPPBdW:nXԭЮn ѭ 1LIB$EXTV<LIB$INSV DECC$MEMCPY[STRINDEX0 DECC$DSPRINTF4PUT_DISP8߭ݾ DISASS_MAP_PTR1QPЬ R RP Q{RPQPQQPЬ R RP Q{RPQPQTQTPЏR RP QP{RPQPQ,QTPЏRRRPRQPQP{RPPQQ׮,TSS(Ǐ(SS z(P{PQPP$ $SSz$P{ PQPP$TRR(1kzRP{PQPPPT֮, TVVzTP{ PQPPѮVѮ,  í$SSí ,Sx SSSUF߭߭HPլ1F߭߭߭$1լ<(RԮ1PԮRTRSSTS1PF߭߭HP&XXŬ TY YZZbTPĬ PPZSPXLXgkPP  B~6kV~ρ쟭!J. ( v)Y# )%R \ SET_BITMAP dREBUILD_BITMAP COMPARE_BITMAP | ADD_USAGE  ADD_QUOTA " REPORT_USAGE  CHECK_USAGE$CODEP$DATA $ADDRESS_DATACTRLCLBNSTARTLBNCOUNTCLUSTERTRIGGERTRACE_ONOUTBUFTRC-81c?SYS$FAO8T<~j DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPլj"ݬ  DECC$DFPRINTFլ;U7 T8|~߭ԟ蟭|~b82h~ f[ WSWѣ 1լ-[)ϫj DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPլjݬ  DECC$DF#PRINTFww1XOV1.08 DFU_FILEDIRV1.017-JAN-1997 09:51DEC C V5.5-002WPSCAN_DIRECTORIES<P%-20s/%d , New dirlink %d 8P%s P%%DFU-E-JUNK, invalid directory format at block %d for %s%sP%s P%.*s P P%s%s%.*s , %d versions , %d blocksP%s P%s%s%.*s;%d is alias for %s%sP[P%s P%.*s P xP%s%s%.*s , %d versions , %d blockstP%s lP%.*s $jP HP%s%s%s , %d versions , %d blocksDP%s P%s%s%.*s;%d invalid file sequence numberP%s P%s%s%.*s;%d has no valid file headerP%s P%s%s%s out of alphabetical orderP%s P%s%s is empty jP Progress : %3d%% Status : Scanning directories (%d done)hP]`P[000000XP]&P%%DFU-E-NODIR, directory %s%s is not named .DIR;1P.DIR;1 PSCAN_DIRECTORIESP%-20s/%d , Now in %s, link %d P[P.%P .P%s P%%DFU-E-JUNK, invalid directory format at block %d for %snP%%DFU-S-DONE, %s : %d files; was : %d/%d, now : %d/%d blocksQP%%DFU-I-TOTAL, %s : %d filesP%%DFU-I-TESTONLY, %s : %d files; old size : %d/%d, new : %d blocksP%%DFU-E-WRITEERR, Error writing directory %s,P%s P P Choose a higher fill factorP%%DFU-E-EXTERR, %s cannot be extended,P%s lP Version: %d, FID : (%d,%d,%d)hP%s 0PSize: %d, Vers&ion limit: %d, Type: %d, Name(%d): %.*sP%%DFU-E-LOWFILL, Directory entry too large, choose a higher fill factorP%s PDUMP of directory block %dP%%DFU-E-READERR, Error reading directory %s,iP%%DFU-E-INSFMEM, Error allocating %d pages memory 0P%%DFU-E-INSFMEM, Error allocating %d pages memory for %sP%%DFU-W-INVDIR, %s is not a valid directory P.DIR;1 P%%DFU-W-INVDIR, %s is not a valid directory P%%DFU-E-OPENERR, Error opening directory %s,t P'%%DFU-E-SEARCHERR, Error searching file %s,@ P%%DFU-E-PARSEERR, Error parsing filename from %s,`P 8X P%%DFU-S-CREATED, Created directory %.*s P%%DFU-E-NOTCREATE, Error creating directory %s, P.DIR;1P P %%DFU-I-READY, DIRECTORY command ready P  P%%DFU-E-OPENERR, Error opening file %s Pr P V P%%DFU-E-SYNTAXERR, missing required qualifierT PwH PSYS$OUTPUT:@ Poutfile6 Pempty PUse VERIFY/DIRECTORY ins(tead P%%DFU-W-OBSOLETE, This command is obsolete, Pcheck Palias Pallocate Pformat Pversion Pstatistics Ptruncate Ptest Pcreate| P%%DFU-E-RATIOERR, fill factor out of rangev Pratiom Pcompressh Pdump^ Pdirectory\ P:T PdeviceH PSYS$COMMAND$ P%%DFU-S-MOVED, File %s defragmented P%%DFU-E-NOTMOVED, Error moving %s,  P%%DFU-E-SEARCHERR, Error searching file %s, P%%DFU-E-PARSEERR, Error parsing filename fr)om %s,P| P %%DFU-I-READY, DEFRAG command readyz P t Pfiler P J P%%DFU-E-OPENERR, Error opening file %sH Pr P%%DFU-I-DEFRAG, Start defragmenting file(s) ... P  P%%DFU-E-NOFILSPEC, No file specified on command line Pfile Pbesttry Pwritecheck Pfreespace Pfiles Pdirectory Pnolog Pdisk Plbn Pstatistics P:~ Pdevice8 P%%DFU-E-ILLIOFUNC, This function not supported on this version of VMS4* P5.5( PSYS$COMMAND P %%DFU-I-READY, DELETE command readyP P P]P %%DFU-I-CLEANUP, Deleting %s...PP%%DFU-E-SEARCHERR, Error searching file %s,|P%%DFU-E-PARSEERR, Error parsing filename from %s,JP%%DFU-E-ERRFID, Incorrect File id on command lineP%%DFU-E-ERRFID, Incorrect File id on command lineP%%DFU-E-NOFID, Missing /FILE_ID or /DIRECTORY qualifier on command linePnoremovePnologP PdevicePstatistic+sPkeepPtreePdirectoryPSYS$COMMANDPFILE_ID^P %%DFU-I-CLEANUP, Deleting %s...\P $P%%DFU-W-NOSUBDIR, no subdirectories found in this treeP%%DFU-I-PARSEDIR, Parsing directory tree %sP%%DFU-E-PARSEERR, Error parsing filename from %s,P]*.DIR;1P...]*.DIR;1P.P]P%%DFU-S-TOTAL, %d file(s) deleted^P Progress : 100%% Status : READY<P%%DFU-S-DELETED, File %s deleted 3P%.*s;%d.P.DIRP Pro,gress : %3d%% Status : Deleting directory (%d files done)P%%DFU-E-JUNKDIR, Corrupted directory (byte offset 0) %s}P%%DFU-E-READERR, Error reading directory %s,DP%%DFU-E-INSFMEM, Error allocating %d pages memory for %sP%%DFU-W-INVDIR, %s is not a valid directoryP.DIR;1P%%DFU-W-INVDIR, %s is not a valid directoryP%%DFU-E-OPENERR, Error opening directory %s,H P   P%%DFU-S-DELETED, File %s deleted jP%%DFU-E-NOTDEL, Error deletin-g file %s ,hP @P%%DFU-E-NOTDEL, Error deleting file %s,>P  P%%DFU-E-NOACCESS, Error accessing file for delete PV   P%%DFU-S-ENTERED, File %.*s entered in %sP] P.P%%DFU-S-BACKDONE, File %.*s backlink repairedPP %%DFU-I-READY, SET command readyPp1hP%%DFU-S-MODIFIED, File %s modified <P%%DFU-E-SETERR, Error modifying file %s,-PModify %s ? : P%%DFU-E-OPENERR, Error accesing file. %s,P%%DFU-E-SEARCHERR, Error searching file %s,P%%DFU-E-PARSEERR, Error parsing filename from %s,P |P%%DFU-E-OPENERR, Error opening file %szPrxP <P%%DFU-E-BAKFID, Incorrect Backlink File id on command lineP%%DFU-E-BAKFID, Incorrect Backlink File id on command linePbacklinkP%%DFU-E-INVID, Wrong uic or identifier,PuicPidentPsequentialPrelativePindexedPdirectPstreamcrPstreamlfPstreamxPu/ndefinedtPvfchPvariablebPfixed[PnospanVPnonePPprintHPimplied@Pfortran8Pmaxrec0Pvfcsize PbucketsizePrecsizePrvcountPeblockPebytePrevision_datePexpiration_datePcreation_datePbackup_datePlogPdirectoryPbadaclPlockedPcontiguous_best_tryPupdatePconfirmpPnew_nameHP%%DFU-E-FDLERR, Error parsing FDL file,DPfdl P%%DFU-E-NOFILSPEC, No file specified 0on command line Pp1PBACKLINKXP 8 V`0,PXhPOU ? DFU_NOPRIV DFU_ASSIGNDECC$GA_RMS_RABDECC$GA_RMS_FABDECC$GA_RMS_NAMSYS$FAO MAKE_LIST DECC$MEMMOVECOMPDIR CREATE_DIRBUILD_DIR_TABLE MOVE_TO_LBNMOVEFILE DECC$STRNCAT DEFRAG_DISK DE1CC$STRNCMP SYS$GETSYIWLIB$SHOW_TIMER DECC$FREESMG$SET_CURSOR_MODE CLI$PRESENTLIB$INIT_TIMER DECC$STRNCPY DECC$STRCAT PARSE_TREE SYS$DELTVACOPY_FID DECC$MALLOC PUT_STATUS SYS$EXPREG DECC$STRSTRDELETE_DIRECTORY DELETE_FILE FDL$RELEASEDO_ABORT SYS$DASSGN DECC$MEMCPYSMG$READ_COMPOSED_LINESYS$QIOW SYS$ASSIGN SYS$SEARCH SYS$PARSE DECC$STRLEN DECC$MEMSET DECC$STRCPYSTRINDEX2 DECC$ATOI CLI$GET_VALUE SINGLEMSG FDL$PARSEPUT_DISP PARSE_ITEM DISPLAY_STAT SYS$WRITESYS$OPEN SYS$CREATE SYS$CONNECT SYS$CLOSESOR$SORT_MERGE .DIR;.DIR;1^ [W}g8<}a0Ǵ4}S(ǵ,}M Ǹ$}G}A };  }5ϖ}kg͸ʹ0x PARSE_ITEMPgʹgk DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP< 16P$(t PARSE_ITE3MPg$Dǰ( FDL$PARSEPgP'Gk DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPg SINGLEMSGg1 < PARSE_ITEMRbPg, /bPgͨ !bPg͠ bPgͤ bPgͰ bPgͬ bPg͌ bPg͜ bPg͔ ϹbPg͘ ϵbPg͐ ϭbPg|ͼ4ͼ ϟbPg0 ύbPg͈ ρbPg̈́?4 qbPgl abPgh YbPgd IbPg̀ ;bPg| -bPgx bPgp bPgt bPg` bPg\ bPgX bPgT bPgP ϷbPgL ϨbPg̀H ϛbPgD ώbPg@ υbPg< wbPg8 jbPg( ]bPg(( GbPgˏ5gRR(4k DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPg SINGLEMSGg16 P   PARSE_ITEMPg1i?  CLI$GET_VALUEPgǸ DECC$ATOIPSQSPЏRRRPRQPQP{RPPQQQSPЏR RP QP{RPQPQ ?  CLI$GET_VALUEPgˏPRRkk DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP< 1E Ǹ DECC$ATOIPSS ?  CLI$GET_VALUEPgˏPRRMk DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP< 16 Ǹ DECC$ATOIPTSTRRSSQTPЏRRRPRQPQ{RPPQQԮʹ1S 1H STRINDEXn DECC$DSPRINTFYPUT_DISPZ DECC$STRCPY DECC$STRLEN SINGLEMSG  SYS$SEARCH SYS$QIOWSMG$READ_COMPOSED_LINE DECC$MEMCPYX~ϴǴ PPRBǴǴRR@yծ(ϊǵ DECC$FOPENPǵskij1Zݮ~Ƕ DECC$FGETSPg!~qǶ PPRBǶ"Pݮ DECC$FCLOSEԮ1PǴǶP@X7DP~X DECC$MEMSETDECC$GA_RMS_FABR(PbǶԟǶPܞHDECC$GA_RMS_NAMR(`bHJLRT|~ SYS$PARSEPgˏPRR#Ƕϩkijg(Џʂg1|~Pggʂ1>KRBˏgRR%ωkijg(Џʂg1PKRB\8]|~?8 SYS$ASSIGNPgˏPRRgݏ DFU_ASSIGN SINGLEMSGg14l\n^p`ͨ ЏX PЏ(X( ȏXrSX|~@|~PS<~ 8LPgˏPRRFRJRHL̀RSRxRRRSS8R9R?GR?V1PfRRRg1VU<R$Sգ SǨh Tդ ThSգ S9ǰhTդ3TǸh&PVS<R Tդ ThЦV1`RRy18SzSP{PQPPUFPUT_DISPb SINGLEMSG1;Pˏ¨ PPլ  Z ¢ \ ¤ ^  Z ^ V~ܟ STRINDEXҔ@ լ5SP<5S|~|~|~PS<~ SYS$QIOWPbʏPPݬ sڟ  DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP|~|~|~|~4ݬ SYS$QIOWPi1dݬ  DECC$STRSTRP>ݬ Wڟ  DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP|~|~|~|~4ݬ SYS$QIOWPi1onѮp|~߭ݮ SYS$EXPREGPiˏPRRMݬ >@ڟ  DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPi SINGLEMSGR|~|~|~|~4ݬ SYS$QIOWPi1ЮnSѮ ٮPЭ|~x S~ݮ0|~P1ݬ SYS$QIOWPiˏPRRRSR, 28RʏRR&ˏXRR ˏXRRxkXP1x DECC$STRSTRPx kXP1ԮѮ H|~8ݮ,PhˏPRR&xݮ$k\PhԮ1HPЮ 0 d9|~0ݮ8PhˏPRRݮ,ھkXPh1x RQRPЏdR RP Q{RPQPQ8 SѮ XP8XѨ d0ZЮXZ|~x S~ݮl|~P1<&~ HPhˏPRR<YPhˏhRR xTkXPh1@ՀPXRЮXRR21&ը4ը$|~|~|~|~4<&~ HPh<Y$Ԯ4Ѯ$ 1;WԮ@ը$#ݮ$kXPվD k ݨLTծ@1PWЮXRGRR @1PЮXRGV_P(ŏdSRƬRSR) ސ PUT_STATUSϟS^ L֮ pRRCդ81| ĸ ) ސބլ1X ğݤLޘ1CPդ8դ դ դ1*Ԯ<[Ѯ1_ DECC$STRNCMP DECC$STRNCPY$ DECC$DSPRINTF(PUT_DISP, DECC$DFPRINTF0 MAKE_LISTdCOPY_FIDΈ DECC$STRCPYhpRЮpRR^1x8ѮxЮxRЮpSBRR81ЮxRЮpSBV#( e' AY.( Ad.9 Aw.gE GB19 `B2͹f RC9 cC:  rCG:  (C:a D>$  CT?2g   DD9  EXI h+^ EG2R#  "GRF GRj[ F+U* Hi H ]G= (Id^f| _Ia2 Ha H3a3j I CREATE_DIR KCOMPDIR `USCAN_DIRECTORIESb$CODE!$DATA $ADDRESS_DATALISTFIRSTCTRLCPASTE_IDKEYB_IDDISP1_IDTRIGGER SMG$ENABLETRACE_ONOUTBUFTRC HEADERCTRSTR1K_FIRSTK_LISTF_FIRSTF_LIST DECC$DFPRINTFլ  ݤL DECC$DFPRINTF<^R9 ĸ ݮ  ޔބ^լ  kLޘWRЮ|SBRbW W<$ ~ ޠծ |~߭ SYS$DELTVAW 1M<~ SYS$DASSGNЮ nnPww1FV1.07 DFU_IFSCANV1.016-JAN-1997 15:01DEC C V5.5-002/P%%DFU-I-UNLOCK, Volume unlocked/P%%DFU-E-READERR, Error reading extension header,S/P Progress : %3d%% Status : Scanning INDEXF.SYS/P Progress : %3d%% Status : Scanning INDEXF.SYS.P%%DFU-E-GElTEF, Error getting event flag,.P%%DFU-E-NOVOLSET, One or more volume set members missing.P%%DFU-NOTODS2, Device is not an ODS2 diskh.P%%DFU-W-LOCKED, Volume now write locked<.P%%DFU-E-LOCKERR, Error locking volume,.P%%DFU-F-TOOMANYVOL, DFU does not allow > 32 volumes-P%%DFU-E-NOTF11, Device does not have an ODS2 filesystem-P%%DFU-E-NODISK, Device is not a disk deviceh-P%%DFU-E-NOTMNT, Device is not mounted or not available\-POPEN_DEVICE8-P%-20s/%d , Devmice %.*s, Error %d  -P%%DFU-E-NOTUNIQ, Device name is not unique -P -P -P[]-P -P[,PFID_TO_NAME,P%-20s/%d Qio Error %d ,P;*,P ,P;,P%%DFU-E-PARSEERR, Value must be a positive integerg,P Progress : %3d%% Status : Unfragmenting freespace0,P Progress : %3d%% Status : Defragmenting files+P Fragmentation index : %.3f / %.3f +P Largest extent size : %7d / %7d +P # of Free extentsn : %5d / %5d r+P # Files > 1 fragment : %5d / %5d @+P =========================================== +P Fragmentation Statistics : BEFORE / AFTER *PFiles done : %d, Size : %d/%d, Headers/Fragments : %d/%d*PFiles evaluated : %d*P %%DFU-I-EOF, End of this PASS i*P Progress : 100%% Status : READYX*P %s (%d blocks)L*PDEFRAG_DISK*P%-20s/%d , Phase %d, size %d, lbn %d, hole size %d, adj.size %d *PSYS)P %%oDFU-I-DEFRAG, Unfragmenting freespace on %.*s (%s) )P%%DFU-I-DEFRAG, Defragmenting files on %.*s (%s) hP`)P%%DFU-E-WRITELK, Cannot defragment on write-locked deviceX)PmaxsizeT)P:K)Pnovolset$)P%%DFU-S-DONE, Directories scanned : %d")P (P Progress : 100%%  Status : READY(P%%DFU-I-DIRSCAN, Scanning %d directories...(P Progress : 100%% Status : READY(P (P.DIR;1U(P%%DFU-I-INDSCAN, Making directory table for %.*s (%s) , RpVN = %d(P%%DFU-I-INDSCAN, Making directory table for %.*s (%s) @gP(P:(P%s 'P%%DFU-W-LOSTHDR4, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s not found in a directory'P 'P%s ~'P%%DFU-W-LOSTHDR3, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s found in invalid directory (%d,%d,%d) %.*s('P%%DFU-W-LOSTHDR2, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s in directory with bad backlink (%d,%d,%d) %.*s&'P $'P  'P%s &P%%DFU-W-LOSTHDR1, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s found in nonexistent directory&P &P%s &P%%DFU-I-CqHKLOST, Checking for lost files...&P %%DFU-I-READY, VERIFY command ready\&P%%DFU-E-NOTREM, File %s not removed:&P%%DFU-S-REMOVED, File %s removed&P%%DFU-E-NOTENTER, File %s not entered%P%%DFU-S-MFDFIX, %s backlink fixed%P%%DFU-I-REPAIR, Fixing errors...%P Progress : 100%% Status : READY|%P%%DFU-I-DIRSCAN, Scanning %d directories...P%P Progress : 100%% Status : READY%P Progress : 0%% Status : Processing QUOTA.SYS%P $Pr Progress : 100%% Status : READY$P Progress : 0%% Status : Processing BITMAP.SYS$P Progress : 100%% Status : READYX$P%%DFU-E-REBIFMAP, Indexf Bitmap rebuild failed,T$P%s ($P%%DFU-S-REBIFMAP, Indexfile bitmap rebuild$$P%s #P blocks LBN %d through %d multiple allocated#P%s #P%%DFU-E-MULTALLOC, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s , #P[#P%%DFU-E-SORTERR, Error sorting output, #P%s X#P%%DFU-W-MULTFND, reporting multiple allocated sblocks...T#P%s #P%%DFU-E-SLFBAKFID, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s backlink points to itself #P%s "P%%DFU-E-INVBAKFID, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s has invalid backlink"P%s "P%%DFU-W-NOOWNER, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s has no owner"P%s H"P%%DFU-W-NOBITSET, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s Index File bitmap bit not setD"P%s !P%%DFU-W-BADMFDLNK, directory %.*s has backlink to 000000.DIR on RVN %d!PVERIFY_COMMAND!P%-20s/%d Previous %d, f_link %d !P%s !P%%DFU-W-BADBLOCK, tfile (%d,%d,%d) %.*s has suspected bad blocks!P%s D!P%%DFU-W-LOCKED, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s is deaccess locked @!P%s !P%%DFU-W-DELETED, file (%d,%d,%d) %.*s marked for delete!P  P%s  P%%DFU-W-NOBITCLR, file (%d,%d,%d) deleted file header marked BUSY in Index File bitmap P%s x P%%DFU-E-ERRHOME, Home block info not OKK P%%DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OK P%%DFU-I-VERIFY, Verifying %.*s (%s) , RVN = %dP%%DFU-I-VERIFY, Verifying %.*s (%su) fPP%%DFU-W-WRITELK, Cannot rebuild or lock on write-locked deviceProp=WBHPrat=crPctx=recPrfm=varPmrs=255PSYS$OUTPUT:PaxPappendpPoutfilejPwePlockZPstatisticsXP:PPdeviceHPdirscan@Prebuild8PfixfP000000.DIR;1P%%DFU-E-MKLOST, Error creating/accessing SYSLOST.DIR,cPTc `ccXcP %%DFU-I-READY, UNDELETE command readyP %%DFU-S-FND ,v %d recoverable files foundxP- Use ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR to move the file to [SYSLOST]@P%%DFU-E-NOTENTER, File %s not entered in directory,P%%DFU-I-ENTER, Entering file(s) in directory... P P Progress : 100%% Status : READYP P%%DFU-S-RECOVER, File succesfully recoveredP- Use ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR to repair the volumeVP%%DFU-E-INDEXFERR, Error writing INDEXF.SYS,OP.DIR;1 P- Use ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR to repair the volumeP%%DFU-E-BITwMAPERR, Error writing BITMAP.SYS,P%%DFU-E-NOTUNDEL, File cannot be undeletedP%%DFU-E-BADEXTHDR, Extension header linkage brokenjP%%DFU-E-NOTUNDEL, File cannot be undeleted9P%%DFU-E-READERR, Error reading extension header,P%%DFU-E-NOTUNDEL, File cannot be undeleted PYPcPLcPP%s PRecoverable file %s%s found P]P[000000P[]P]P.DIR;P[P[]P[]P P%%DFU-I-UNDEL, Start search on %.*s (%s) x, RVN = %dgP%%DFU-I-UNDEL, Start search on %.*s (%s)HcP8P%%DFU-E-NOTUNDEL, File undeletes not possible,P%%DFU-I-READBMAP, Reading BITMAP.SYS...P%%DFU-E-ERASED, Cannot undelete ; erase-on-delete set on deviceP%%DFU-E-WRITELK, Cannot undelete on write-locked deviceP P*.*;*PfileXP%%DFU-E-INVID, Wrong uic or identifier,PPuicHPident@Prop=WBH8Prat=cr0Pctx=rec(Prfm=var Pmrs=255PwPSYS$OUTPUT PliystPunmarkPnoconfirmPstatisticsP:PdevicePRecover this file ? (Y/N) [N] : P %%DFU-I-READY, REPORT command readyxP Progress : 100%% Status : READY@P Progress : 0%% Status : Processing QUOTA.SYS>P :P%sP Free space distribution; each * = %d free blocksP%s P LBN: 0  %dP%s dP ---------------------------------------------------------z-------------`P%s TP %3d |%.*s|PP%s P %%free----------------------------------------------------------------------P%s P Free space fragmentation index : %.3f %sP (excellent) P (good) P (fair) P (poor) P%s xP Average extent size (rounded) : %dpP%s 4P Largest free extent : %d blocks at LBN: %d0P%s P Total free extents : %dP%s P Percentage free (rounded) : { %dP%s P Total free blocks : %dP%s xP Total blocks on disk : %dtP%s :P ***** Free space statistics (from BITMAP.SYS) *****P Progress : 100%% Status : READYP Progress : 0%% Status : Processing BITMAP.SYSP%s P %s%.*s ( %d/%d blocks; %d fragments) P[P%s |P Most fragmented file : xP%s PP Average size per fragment : %dHP%s P File fragm|entation index : %.3f %s P (excellent) P (good) P (fair) P (poor) P%s P Average fragments per file : %.3fP Total fragments : %dP%s dP Total used/ allocated size : %d /%d`P%s 8P Contiguous files : %d0P%s P Directory files : %dP%s P Files marked for delete : %d, size %d/%d blocksP Files marked for delete : %dP}%s pP Files with extension headers : %dhP%s @P Files with allocation : %d8P%s P Empty files : %dP%s P Total files : %dP%s P INDEXF.SYS fragments/ map_in_use : %d /%d words ( %d%% used)P%s `P ***** File Statistics (from INDEXF.SYS) *****4P Progress : 100%% Status : READY0P%s P Free headers : %d P%s P First header VBN >~ : %dP%s P Header count : %dP%s xP Maximum # files : %dpP%s HP Cluster size : %dDP%s P Structure name : %.12sP%s P Volume owner : %.12sP%s P Volume name : %.12sP%s {P ***** Volume info for %.*s (from HOME block) *****HP%%DFU-I-REPORT, Reporting on %.*s (%s) , RVN = %d  P%%DFU-I-REPORT, Reporting on %.*s (%s) aPProp=WBHPrat=crPctx=recPrfm=varPmrs=255PSYS$OUTPUT:PaPappendPoutfilePwPusagePstatisticsPnobitmapPnovolumePnofilePgraphP:PdeviceXP%%DFU-S-FND , Files found : %d, Size : %d/%d, Hdr/Frag : %d/%d *P%%DFU-S-FND , Files found : %d, Size : %d/%d &P  P%.*s P%%DFU-E-SORTERR, Error sorting output, P%%DFU-I-SORT, Sorting ... P %%DFU-I-EOF, End of file INDEXF.SYS, Primary headers : %d tP Progress : 100%% Status : READYpP%s `PBackup : %.*s XP%s JPBackup : %s 4P0P%s  PExpired : %.*sP%s  PExpired : %s P P%s  PRevised : %.*s P%s  PCreated : %.*s P%s  PSize : %d/%d, Revision count : %d P%s x PVBN : %d , File ID (%d,%d,%d) , UIC : %.*st P%s H PDirectory: %.*s , Backlink ID (%d,%d,%d)D P%s 6 PFilename: %s4 P]. P%.*s , P;* P  P%%DFU-E-READERR, Error reading backlink header,  P%%DFU-E-FIDTOOBIG, File id specified > max file id  PAvailable headers : %d  PFirst header VBN : %dx PHeader count : %d` PMaximum # files : %dH PCluster size : %d+ PStructure name : %.12s PVolume owner : %.12s P Volume name : %.12s P%%DFU-I-SEARCH, Start search on %.*s (%s) , RVN = %d  P%%DFU-I-SEARCH, Start search on %.*s (%s) $`P Prop=WBH Prat=crx Pctx=recp Prfm=varh Pmrs=255\ PSYS$OUTPUT:X PaP PappendH Poutfile@ Pw P%%DFU-E-INVID, Wrong uic or identifier, Puic Pident Pisshelved Pnoshelvable Pnomove Pscratch Perase Pnocharge Pmarked Pbadblock Pdirectory Pspool Pbadacl Pcontiguous Plocked Pbesttry Pnobackup Porz Pexp_sincen Pexp_befored Pbak_sinceX Pbak_beforeN Pmod_sinceB Pmod_before8 Pcre_since, Pcre_before# Pexp_none Pbak_none Pvers_max Pvers_min Pversion_number Pretr_max Pretr_min Pfragment Psort Pstatistics Phome Pnosearch Pnovolset Pplaced Psummary Pfull Pmultiple Pover Pfid Plbn Pbakfidz PformatL P%%DFU-E-SIZEERR, Minimum size > maximum size C Psize_max: Psize_min P%%DFU-E-SIZEERR, Minimum size > maximum size  Psize_maxPsize_minPallocatedPexcludePfileP:PdeviceP!#AS!9UL/!9!4UL/!ULP!#AS!9UL/!ULP!%I (!%U)PMAKE_PTR{P%-20s/%d Count too big --> %d VP %%DFU-I-READY, INDEXF command ready4P%%DFU-I-DISMNT, Volume dismountedP%%DFU-S-DONE, all operations succesfully completed P%%DFU-E-ERRWRITE, Error during writing indexf header,P%%DFU-I-RBDBITMAP, Updating BITMAP.SYS...lP%%DFU-S-REWRTIF, INDEXF.SYS File header rewritten !6P%%DFU-E-ERRWRITE, Error during writing indexf header,P%%DFU-I-NEWTOTAL, New Maparea maps %d blocks in %d fragmentsP%%DFU-E-MISMATCH, Error in new mapping pointersP%%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr size %d LBN %d hP%%DFU-E-NOPTR, Error creating new mapping pointer>P Progress : 100%% Status : READYP Progress : %3d%% Status : Copying INDEXF.SYSP%%DFU-S-COPIED, %d blocks copied (fragment %d) P%%DFU-E-ERRWRITE, Error during writing fragments,rP%%DFU-E-ERRREAD, Error during reading fragments,7P%%DFU-I-STARTDFR, Now copying fragments to new location...P%%DFU-E-MOUNTERR, Error mounting %.*s,P%%DFU-I-MOUNTFOR, Busy remounting disk %.*s /FOREIGN...P%%DFU-E-NOPTR, Error creating new mapping pointerPNhP%%DFU-I-TRUNC, INDEXF.SYS can be truncated to %d blocks,P%%DFU-I-EXTEND, INDEXF.SYS can be extended with %d blocksP%%DFU-I-MOVE, %d blocks can be defragmented (%d fragments)P%%DFU-E-NOFREE, Not enough contiguous free space availableP%%DFU-W-NOOPT, No optimization needed for INDEXF.SYS=P%%DFU-I-FINDLBN, Largest free contiguous space %d blocks at LBN %dP%%DFU-I-TOTAL, Maparea maps %d blocks in %d fragments (%d%% used) P%%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr (%2d) Size :%8d , LBN :%8d P%%DFU-E-EXCEEDMAX, Maximum files for this disk exceeded`P- try INDEXF/DEFRAG to create space'P%%DFU-E-HEADERFULL, Cannot extend maparea in INDEXF.SYS,P%%DFU-W-NOTRUNC, cannot truncate below end-of-fileP%%DFU-E-WRONGPTR, Fatal error in BITMAP.SYS mapping pointerP%%DFU-I-ANALDISK, Analyzing INDEXF and BITMAP...DP%%DFU-E-WRITELK, Cannot modify INDEXF.SYS on write-locked deviceP%%DFU-E-MOUNTERR, Error mounting %.*s,P%%DFU-I-MOUNTING, Busy mounting disk %.*s...P%%DFU-E-NOVOLPRO, VOLPRO privilege required for this functionPstatisticsPtr DFU_IOERR DFU_EXHFAIL DFU_INDEXERR DFU_ASSIGN DFU_EXPREG DFU_NOPRIV SYS$WAITFRSYS$QIO FLUSH_CACHE SYS$GETDVIWSYS$DEVICE_SCANDEV_SCAN PARSE_UIC SYS$BINTIM DECC$STRCAT DECC$ATOI CLI$GET_VALUE CLI$PRESENT MOVE_TO_LBNMOVEDIR_TO_LBNGET_HOLECHECK_ADJACENTENTER_BACKLINK REMOVE_FILE DELETE_FILESCAN_DIRECTORIESCOMPARE_BITMAP SYS$DELTVAREPORT_LOST_FILES CHECK_USAGE NEW_BITMAP MAKE_SYSLOST DECC$FREE ENTER_FILE SYS$CANEXH DECC$STRSTR DECC$STRNCPYREBUILD_BITMAP SYS$DCLEXH DECC$STRNCMP ADD_QUOTA DFU_HANDLER DECC$MALLOC REPORT_USAGE ADD_USAGE SYS$ASCTIMSYS$FAO DECC$STRLEN DECC$ATOLSTR$MATCH_WILDFOLLOW_EXTENTS VERIFY_HEADERSMG$SET_CURSOR_MODEGET_MAP_POINTERSREAD_INDEXF_MULTI SYS$DASSGN SET_BITMAP DECC$MEMMOVE DECC$MEMCPY SYS$DISMOU READ_BITMAP SYS$EXPREGSMG$READ_COMPOSED_LINE SCAN_BITMAP SYS$ASSIGN DECC$STRCPYSYS$QIOW SYS$MOUNT SINGLEMSGSTRINDEX PARSE_ITEM DECC$MEMSETMAKE_PTRPUT_DISP PUT_STATUS DISPLAY_STATGET_NEXT_HEADER OPEN_DEVICE FID_TO_NAMEREAD_INDEXF_BITMAPDISASS_MAP_PTRCLEANUPSOR$SORT_MERGESOR$RETURN_RECSOR$RELEASE_REC SOR$END_SORTSOR$BEGIN_SORTuncatePextendPdefragPanalyzePfull~P:vPmembertP:mPdevice@PContinue to modify INDEXF.SYS ? (Y/N) [N] : >P  P %%DFU-W-ABORTED , command interrupted by CTRL/CP %.*s P%.*s \P.\P/P?O,U   SYSLOST.DIR;1 P^'ЬPݠ<`~qϟ DECC$DSPRINTF PUT_STATUSЬPݠ<`~P DECC$DPRINTFPP^@ϟ DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPYϟ DECC$DSPRINTF PUT_STATUST^U}Ͱp[ʹ}ͨ@]ͬ}Ϻ͠\ͤ}ϲ͘\͜}Ϫ͔͐P͠]ͤP~] DECC$MEMSET[hͰ PARSE_ITEMPX[X[7@~Οp[STRINDEXP<ͰR:Bp[<ͰRRRͰ|ͨχ PARSE_ITEMPX[X[=|7@~jΟ@]STRINDEXP<ͨR:B@]<ͨRRRͨex͠% PARSE_ITEMRbPX[͈͠ bPX[͈̀͠bPX[͈̀t0͠bPX[t͈p͠ϹbPX[p͈̈́͠ϞbPX[͈լݏ DFU_NOPRIV SINGLEMSG$͌1pP͈*Ѭ f͟ DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP$͌1=̈́LIB$INIT_TIMERPX[eeel͈1jp[<Ͱ~N͟ DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP@ͬЏͨ|7@R@ RBS<Ͱ p[ cԣhP@R@ RBS<Ͱp[cԣ@R@ RBS<ͨ@]cԣ@R@ RBTͨdԤ @RBSc| SYS$MOUNTPX[ˏPRR5p[<Ͱ~K̟ DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPX[ SINGLEMSG1lͰ OPEN_DEVICEPX[ˏPRR1͈'XE̟ DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP1[P1̟ DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP|Xx L[RB SB(RDV<ͨͼ@]ʹͼfʹԦPTͨͤdͤԤ\Sc|D SYS$MOUNTPX[ˏX[RR5p[<Ͱ~Ϣş DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPX[ SINGLEMSG1 ]||~?]Ͱ SYS$ASSIGNPX[|~?]ͨ SYS$ASSIGNPX[̀1[nZ  [RBͼScTB͸RbV1ş DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPZ1SYS$QIOWW DECC$DSPRINTFXT<RTR|~Vx R~|~[!<]~ gPX[ʏPP <[X[ˏX[PP,ğ DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPX[ SINGLEMSG1P|~x R~|~[ <]~ gPX[ʏPP <[X[ˏX[PP-ρğ DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPX[ SINGLEMSG1_P1PRTRRVT1[ [P@ͼSc\ğhPUT_DISPQdPЮ$R RP QP{RPQPQRğh PUT_STATUSc4ZP[ [P@ͼRbT@͸RbVZ1AGğ DECC$DSPRINTF PUT_STATUS nRBR[ZW( ?ۚ}HݞkL}Ͼ@ݞp[D}϶8ݞ]<}0ݞ^4}ϖ(ݞH_,}Ϯ ݞ(^$}Ϧݞ_}Ϟ͢ݞ_}ϖݞ }ϐݞ}ϊܞ},ܞ_[ͼ@ݟ PARSE_ITEMPX[X[7@~༟p[STRINDEXP<@R:Bp[<@RRR@݊gR<͠ܟ8ݟϔ PARSE_ITEMScPX[<͜ܟ͘ݟ8ݟrcPX[]<8ݟWcPX[1ͬ@ܟ8ݟ;cPX[ˏPRR X[n1ͨ<ܟ8ݟcPX[ˏPRR X[n1|Ͱͬ1ͨ1@<1лk DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPCLEANUPn1_P1ʹ@ܟ8ݟȻcPX[ˏPRR X[n1%Ͱ<ܟ8ݟϝcPX[ˏPRR X[n1|ͨʹ1Ͱ*@<!ek DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPCLEANUPn1Lܟf PARSE_ITEMScPX[lܟ8ݟJcPX[ˏPRR X[n1`͸ ܟ8ݟcPX[ˏPRR X[n1-hܟ8ݟcPX[ˏPRR X[n1H۟8ݟϾcPX[ˏPRR X[n18ݟϑcPX[8ݟπcPX[8ݟpcPX[8ݟ^cPX[8ݟKcPX[8ݟ:cPX[8ݟ)cPX[8ݟcPX[p8ݟcPX[T8ݟcPX[Tr| T$ܟ8ݟҹcPX[ˏPRR X[n1PT ܟ8ݟϦcPX[ˏPRR X[n1MTP8ݟx PARSE_ITEMScPX[Pp|Pܟ8ݟYcPX[ˏPRR X[n1Pܟ8ݟ/cPX[ˏPRR X[n1P͘8ݟ PARSE_ITEMRbPX[͔8ݟbPX[͐ܟ͐ݟ8ݟָbPX[͌ܟ͈ݟ8ݟƸbPX[͈ܟ̀ݟ8ݟϴbPX[̈́ܟxݟ8ݟϤbPX[̀ܟ`ݟ8ݟϒbPX[|ܟXݟ8ݟςbPX[xܟpݟ8ݟpbPX[tܟhݟ8ݟ`bPX[<`8ݟEbPX[d۟8ݟ'bPX[ d۟8ݟbPX[@d۟8ݟbPX[d۟8ݟڷbPX[<̀d۟8ݟ·bPX[<d۟8ݟϧbPX[< d۟8ݟϊbPX[<@d۟8ݟqbPX[<\۟8ݟWbPX[\dЏd۟8ݟ-bPX[Џd۟8ݟbPX[Џd۟8ݟbPX[Џ d۟8ݟܶbPX[Џ@d۟8ݟϿbPX[Џd۟8ݟϦbPX[dܞ]<X۟8ݟπbPX[XX۟8ݟdbPX[ˏX[RR)Ik DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPX[ SINGLEMSGn1ݟC ` DECC$STRCPYͤ(ݟ. PARSE_ITEMPX[ͤD(ݟ PARSE_ITEMPX[Dͤܟ ` DECC$STRCPYͤ굟H_ DECC$STRCPYɰ (P<(RBH_䵟ص̵ `H_ DECC$FOPENP\gpgK|~|~|~ܟ SOR$BEGIN_SORTPX[ˏPRRX[ SINGLEMSGX[n1gLIB$INIT_TIMERPX[ggg||(Ԯ$Ԯ8 \@ OPEN_DEVICEPX[ˏPRRCLEANUPX[n17PL[([$`SMG$SET_CURSOR_MODEL[@[1g[1\ DECC$DSPRINTFhPUT_DISPlGET_NEXT_HEADERSTR$MATCH_WILD`STRINDEX0 DECC$ATOLLIB$SUBXX FID_TO_NAME DECC$STRLENSYS$FAOT DECC$DFPRINTFdSOR$RELEASE_REC SYS$ASCTIMP DECC$STRCPY4 LIB$FREE_EF[ŏL[RBDRb18@[,ŏL[RBIDp[<@~k|IP H[L[L[ŏL[RBIDBDBDRb೟kހld[Ԯ88READ_INDEXF_BITMAP1x L[RBܳktlx L[RB۳ktlx L[RBٳktlx L[RBRC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISPCLEANUP 1f DFU_HANDLER\X[\\\ SYS$DCLEXHPX[ˏPRR(X[ݏ DFU_EXHFAIL SINGLEMSGCLEANUPX[ 1PԮ(L[[К DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP@[1PŏRBDp[ DECC$STRCPYŏRBDRb|~ŏRBD SYS$ASSIGNPX[ˏPRR'X[ݏ DFU_ASSIGN SINGLEMSGCLEANUPX[ 1PdŏRBDRbSŏSVFDWx SRBRbSRbcRL[ծDRb RbRԢevbR H$PX[ˏPRR X[ 1/[1U4[dnlknllPL[l[dRR"2UE[PX[UUdL[@[ߋlkL[@[ [11PjP~j DECC$MEMSETװjbͨͬUͨRbeR vb DECC$STRCPYvb DECC$STRLENPRbRR)ȟbŏVRBDR͞SRbcȟbŏVRBDRRcSRTSRbdUUPPP^ZV(}ϒPŞT}bHŞp[L}Z@Ş`dD}J8Şd<}b0Şd4}B(Şe,}b Şf$ԮH(ff,f[8ş. PARSE_ITEMRbPX[8şbPX[8şbPX[լݏ DFU_NOPRIV SINGLEMSG$L1 PHşȅ PARSE_ITEMPX[X[7@~ϱp[STRINDEXPb͠Ğ͜͠S͜RbcjSRL[jRb1;Pˏ4RR@HdUL[< ~d[D|ޔ| _|\kˏ4RR@HdUL[< ~d[.|ޔ| ۟M|\kˏ4RR 1Td[SCRRRCծpSpRBRd[b#d[ݮt<@ ~{{kd[p֮H@[fFd[ L[XC<ğdU{ތ| ş{\k1dUL[< ~d[{ޔ| {\k5Rx RRBSRBcxէ<HdUL[< ~d[n{ޔ| {\kXd[1-X1%dUL[< ~d[F{ޔ| e{\kX%d[Td[SCRRRC1 d[1i~xPjPi~xjRPejRТejjRԢejR>b͔Ğ͔͐S͐RbcjRL[d[ jRbjRbUdjR lпd[TXT1 T1 SFRSR1dUL[< ~TBzޔ| ez\k1i~xPjPPi~xjRPejRТejjRԢejR>b͈Ğ͈̈́T̈́RbdjR|ĞBx|SxppRbcjRL[jRbUdjRޢ lFRL[FFRRL[1Sd[RFBTd[SCRRRC͸ʹ<R͸ʹWT_DISPX SINGLEMSGj1jSbRR)|~RďRBDRTXSTLLRbcͰ1:fH>DHSDRbc4fb8d,0S,RbcfDf ş0fbTRbdjR didkP0ş0ş0fŏURBDRbTRbdjR didkP0ş0ş0fŏURBDRTnޭĮ[ndЮ[S|Y|WZcYXW؟?ŸSYS$DEVICE_SCANʏPP < UPPi DECC$STRLENPȟ؟?ŸSYS$DEVICE_SCANPX f<~ݭݦ DECC$STRNCPYUPUUPP^V jP~ j DECC$MEMSETլ Џ j Џ j$j&j(j@[L[LD DECC$STRCPY>xXDʹxWPETgTԧUDD@E@@eD@Td||~[xݬ|~ SYS$GETDVIWPSˏSRR<[SˏSRRS SINGLEMSGS(1l[Ѭ1XE1|~?l[ݬ SYS$ASSIGNPSˏSRR Sݏ DFU_ASSIGN SINGLEMSGCLEANUPS(1nP6jP|~|~|~[8H[(j|~|~|~[r~@DSxTD$D @d4$ Sc||~[x4[[|~xZhj.ԪYDiԩXphԨWŏRP@HD@D@gԫUe||~[x[|~G0 $@[r @b^ @^ֹ ?e k ?f( A#g % TBpùZ  OCy LCOy1  Bxz޹w $ FD(|#  D# 6Eh&= tE@K EjJ. D$t kD:$ !Fe.  $FB!( ?ʀ # Gp. Hs-  H* Hb |GQ1$ xI   I~  I¹a Jw{ J J\"0 J1n HK NKa L+ K< K|,  ;MT    Ϲ N.f &O  "O !O- NO@  AOD1 fO P& P P4[ _P[ P+ TREPORT_LOST_FILES BUILD_DIR_TABLE  DEFRAG_DISK CTRLT_AST @ PARSE_ITEM H FID_TO_NAME DEV_SCAN  OPEN_DEVICE READ_INDEXF_BITMAP READ_INDEXF_MULTI GET_NEXT_HEADER @CLEANUP @COPY_FID x VERIFY_HEADER $GET_MAP_POINTERS |DISASS_MAP_PTR |FOLLOW_EXTENTS  DFU_HANDLER ADD_ITEM$CODE(k$DATA $ADDRESS_DATAnFIRSTLIST DYN_ARRAYCTRLC SOR$GK_RECORD SOR$M_STABLEKEYB_IDTCHANROWSCOLLSDISP1_IDPASTE_IDLBNSTARTLBNCOUNTCLUSTERTRIGG ER SMG$ENABLETRACE_ONOUTBUFTRCIOCNTBLOCK HEADER SYS$QIOWh7 DECC$DSPRINTFPUT_DISP(|r00$! Install DFU.EXE with BYPASS3$! Still users need to have DFU_ALLPRIV identifier $! to use any write function DFU)$ if f$file("sys$system:dfu.exe","known")$ then&$ install replace sys$system:dfu.exe$ elseA$ install create sys$system:dfu.exe/share/open/head/priv=bypass$ endif$ exit0[SYSHLP]DFU024.DECW$BOOKHHHj5TLs(|rHH00>EO G DFU I2.48rDFU024 E Contentsz B*BDECdocument V3.0a/ gCONTENTSCONTENTS8 E\TitlePageTitle Page@E\ CopyrightPageCopyright Page@g$K1 Introduction1 Introduction Rw' $K1.1&KSupportonDFU1.1 Support on DFU iw3 $K1.2&&KInternaluseonlywarning1.2 Internal use only warning[w+ $K1.3&KGeneral description1.3 General description_g. $L1.4!&LNewfeaturesofV2.41.4 New features of V2.4lg 4 $L1.5'&L Restrictionsand Parameters1.5 Restrictions and Parameters;w $K2UsingDFU2 Using DFU$aw. $K2.1!&K Installation procedure2.1 Installation procedure%\w, $K2.2&KSecurityandaccess2.2 Security and access3Kw# $K2.3&KRunningDFU2.3 Running DFU:nw 6 $K2.4)&KUsinganindirectfilelist2.4 Using an indirect file list@[w(($K3TheSMGoutput interface3 The SMG output interfaceBaw. $K3.1!&KEnabling/DisablingSMG3.1 Enabling/Disabling SMGCw2J $L3.2=&L Automatic switchingbetweenSMGandLinemode3.2 Automatic switching between SMG and Line modeDhw3 $K3.3&&KLayoutoftheSMGscreen3.3 Layout of the SMG screenEdw0 $K3.4#&KSpecialScreencommands3.4 Special Screen commandsIMg$ $K3.5&KSideeffects3.5 Side effectsM=g $K4DFUbasics4 DFU basicsO4g $K5DEFRAG5 DEFRAG]Jw" $L5.1&L Description5.1 Description^Qw& $K5.2&KErrormessages5.2 Error messagesf/gEKDEFRAGDEFRAGi4g $K6DELETE6 DELETEzLg# $K6.1&K Introduction6.1 Introduction{/gEKDELETEDELETE:g $L7 DIRECTORY7 DIRECTORYLg# $K7.1&K Introduction7.1 Introduction}w(= $L7.20&L Discussionof directory compression7.2 Discussion of directory compressionWw) $K7.3&KOutput formatting7.3 Output formatting5g EK DIRECTORYDIRECTORY4g $K8INDEXF8 INDEXFJw" $K8.1&K Description8.1 Descriptionrw"8 $K8.2+&KExampleofaDEFRAG operation8.2 Example of a DEFRAG operationQw& $L8.3&LCrashRecovery8.3 Crash RecoveryHg! $K8.4&K Disclaimer8.4 Disclaimer/gEKINDEXFINDEXF4g $K9REPORT9 REPORTJw" $K9.1&K Description9.1 DescriptionXw* $K9.2&KSyntaxandOutput9.2 Syntax and Output/gELREPORTREPORT6g $L10SEARCH10 SEARCHNg$$K10.1&K Introduction10.1 IntroductionZw+$K10.2&KSyntaxandOutput10.2 Syntax and Outputbw/$K10.3!&KVolumeSet processing10.3 Volume Set processingYw*$K10.4&KOutput formatting10.4 Output formattingsw#8$K10.5*&KUICand identifier processing10.5 UIC and identifier processing/gEKSEARCHSEARCH0g$L11SET11 SET.Ng$$L11.1&L Introduction11.1 Introduction/sw#8$K11.2*&KUICand identifier processing11.2 UIC and identifier processing1)g  EKSETSET2:g $K12UNDELETE12 UNDELETEONg$$K12.1&K Introduction12.1 IntroductionP\g,$L12.2&LHowUndeleteworks12.2 How Undelete worksSgg2$L12.3$&LFilesmarkedfordelete12.3 Files marked for delete\sw#8$K12.4*&KUICand identifier processing12.4 UIC and identifier processing]3g EKUNDELETEUNDELETE^4g $K13SPAWN13 SPAWNj6g $K14VERIFY14 VERIFYkNg$$L14.1&L Introduction14.1 Introductionl`w.$L14.2 &LBasicrepairactions14.2 Basic repair actionsq[w+$K14.3&K Directoryscanning14.3 Directory scanningtfw1$L14.4#&LAdvancedrepairactions14.4 Advanced repair actionsw]w,$K14.5&K Interpretingerrors14.5 Interpreting errors{Uw($K14.6&KError reporting14.6 Error reporting|/gEKVERIFYVERIFYd:* Copyright1996 ~AllRights Reserved.=ODFUI2.4rHHODFUDiskandFile UtilitiesforOpenVMSVAXandAlpharH ORevision Information:(^Thismanual supersedesV2.3O%ODate:^August1996,hO OperatingSystem:,^OpenVMSVAXV5.5-2thru7.1, ^AlphaV6.1thru7.1Y/OWarning:^InternalUseOnly X. O O3Ox Copyright1996*     ! O 1.2 IntroductionOOTheDiskandFile Utilities(DFU)isahigh perfomancetoolLOmeantasanaidtothesystemmanagerwhois responsibleQOBfor monitoringand maintainingdisks,filesand directories.'ItUOmakesuseoflowlevelI/OfeaturesofVMS.AsaresultahighJOlevelof performanceisreachedwithminimaloverheadonPOLthesystem.'DFUsupportsalltypesofdisksetswhichcomplyQOtotheVMSODS-2standardsuchasvolumesets,stripesets,GOshadowsetsandRAIDsets,and combinationsofthese. COWARNING:DFUisNOT supportedonSPIRALOGdisks.POTryingtouseDFUonSpiralogdiskswillresultinanerror=O5"%DFU-E_NOTF11,DevicedoesnothaveanODS-2O filesystem".* ee   fO1.1BSupportonDFUNOUAlthoughthereisnoofficialsupportonDFUyoumayenterFOquestions/remarks/bugreportsasareplyto conference%ONOTED::HACKERSnote1533. *!.1YoucanalsomailmV2.1:' compatiblewithV1.7 (FreewareCD1.0) `IV2.2:)bothinternal-use-only(I2.2)andfreeware(V2.2)E (FreewareCD2.0). `,V2.3:'onlyinternaluseonly `DIDV2.4:)bothinternal-use-only(I2.4)andfreeware(V2.4) (FreewareCD3.0).& EOTheINDEXFand DEFRAG/DISK functionsofDFUmaynotJObemade availableto customersandare thereforeremovedMO5fromallthefreeware versions.(Also documentationandhelp Ofilesare different.    ns#O1.3BGeneral descriptionPOUDFUprovidesthe following functions(in alphabeticalorder): `mDmDEFRAG:ThisfunctionallowssimpledefragmentationQofafileorfiles.(Alsoacompletedisk optimizationcanbe performed. `LDELETE:Thisfunctionallowseitheradeletebyfile-id,Norafastdeleteofacomplete directoryor directorytree)Owithallitssubdirectories. `: DIRECTORY:Thisfunctionhas6options:! o h$h1.JCOMPRESSa directory22.JDUMPa directoryblockbyblock?f3.JCREATEa directorywitha preallocatedsizeN4.JSearchall directoriesonthediskforfileswhichhaveY>multipleversionsP5.JSearchall directoriesonthediskforaliasfileentriesA=6.JSearch all directories on the diskforemptyY directories `GINDEXF:Thisfunctioncananalyze, defragment,extend$mandtruncate INDEXF.SYS. `AREPORT: GeneratesafileandfreespacereportHEforadisk..Alsoadiskspaceusagereport,basedonHUIC/Identifier,canbe generated,evenonadiskwhich%hasdiskquota disabled. `vQvSEARCH:Lookupfilesonadiskbyspecificfile attributes?(eg.&filessizes,dates, ownership,andsoon) `MOMSET:This functionsallowssettingoffile attributeswhich6arenot availablethroughDCL commands. `%9%UNDELETE:Asafefilerecovery function. `GVERIFY:Thisfunctionperformsafastdisk structureK verificationandcan optionallyrepaircertaindiskstruc-@V tureerrors (comparablewithANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR).]KOEachfunctionis describedindetailinthe correspondingOchapter.AFODFUis supportedonOpenVMSVAXV5.5-2throughV7.1,BOandOpenVMSAlphaV6.1throughV7.1..ThefreewareMO5versionV2.4ofDFUisreleasedtogetherwiththeofficialBOreleaseofVMS7.1onthenewFreewareCDV3.0.+ +   &O1.4BNewfeaturesofV2.4MOUThisversionofDFUofferssomeimprovedandnew features,TOaswellasacoupleof bugfixes.)ThetablebelowlistsallnewOfeatures:! x `m>mSEARCH:Added /OVER_ALLOCtosearchforover allocatedfiles `E8EThe/OWNERand /IDENTIFIER qualifiersnowDacceptallvalidnumericand alphanumericUIC'sand Identifiers. `vJvREPORT:several qualifiersaddedtocontroltheoutput. `EREPORT:/USAGEmaynowalsobeusedas /USAGE=uic5Mtoreportasingleuicor identifier. `7VERIFY:thenew/DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifierG%performsafull directoryscan.,Thisenables detectionN~andrepairofsomecasesoflostfileswhichwere'missed'AbypreviousversionsofDFU.Alsosome directory@/ corruptionsarefixed.0Thiscommandreplacesteh#DIRECTORY/CHECKcommand! `B/APPEND qualifieradded..CanbeusedinsteadofF_/OUTPUTtoappendoutputtoanexistingoutputfile.f<HSMGscreen dissruptionwith broadcast messages.'ThisisH/aSMGbug,buta workaroundhasbeenusedinDFUtoavoidtheproblem. `EWhen processingcorrupt directoriesDFUcouldACCVIO.F_Insteadanerrorwillnowbegiventellingthatthe? directoryis corruptedandcannotbe processed.*]]ne,O1.5B Restrictionsand Parameters9OUTheDFUprogramhasafew restrictions:?  `mCmDFUcannothandlevolumesetswithmorethan32members. `EIEDuetochangesinVMSruntime librariesDFU.EXEfilesHlinkedonacertainversionmaynotrunonlowerVMS3versionswithout relinkingtheimage. `v8vTheINDEXF/DEFRAG, /TRUNCATEand/EXTENDGcommandscanonlybe performedonoffline (dismounted)E'disksandthuscannotbeexecutedonthesystemorquorumdisk.! ^IOThe followingminimumprocessquotasare recommendedforODFUusage:$ `mmWSQUOTA:1500 `WSEXTENT:3000 `llDIOLM:40 `ASTLM:40 `kkFILLM:40 `BYTLM:30000 `ii PGFLQUOTA:30000 NIOIfyouuseDFUonvolumesetswithalargenumberofGOmembersyoumayneedtoincreasetheSYSGEN parameterO5 CHANNELCNT.!NKOIfyouusethe directorycommandonverylarge directoryNOfiles(>1000blocks)andrunintoerrorsyoumayneedto/O5increasethe following parameters:E" `mGmWSQUOTAatleast1000+size-of-largest directoryfile `2WSEXTENT:WSQUOTA+atleast1000 `l:lCTLPAGES(SYSGEN parameter):'atleast100 `<WSMAX(SYSGEN parameter):&atleastWSEXTENT# NOODonotchange parametersunlessyourunintoerrorssuchas9OEXCEEDEDQUOTAor INSUFFICIENTWORKINGSETO5LIMITS.o$O 2.2Using!DFULOThischapter describesthe installation procedureandother8OactionswhichmustbetakentorunDFU.%&O2.1B Installation procedureIOUDFUcanbe installedwiththe VMSINSTALutility.)During=Othe installation VMSINSTALdoesthe following:i& ]? `m=mMovesthe documentationtoSYS$HELP (Optional) `RelinksDFU `lDlCreatesthe DFU_ALLPRIV identifierneededtoperform5thewrite functions.&(Seechapter2.2) `DGDAsksifyouwanta systemwideorprivate installationl'BBOTheDFUutilityinfactcontainsjust2files:(`+Om1.JDFU.EXE:theDFUprogram5O2.J DFUHLP.HLB:theon-linehelpfile)POThelocationofthesefilesdependonwethera systemwideor/Oprivate installationis performed.* sPOToinstallDFUloginintoa privilegedaccountandenter:"O$&@sys$update:vmsinstalCqVAX/VMS%Software%Product% Installation% Procedure&V6.2)It&is& 12-Aug-1996&at&13:46.BDEnter&a%question%mark%(?)%at%any&time%for&help.S*%Are&you% satisfied%with%the%backup&of&your%system&disk%[YES]?+ IO VMSINSTALnowasksforthe distributionmediaandprod-NOuct.*Youcanalsospecifythe directorywhereyouhavetheAO5DFU_INTERNAL_024.Afileinsteadofadevicename:K*%Where%will%the% distribution&volumes%be%mounted:%[DDCU:]_#Enter&the%products%to%be% processed%from%the%first% distribution&volume%set.(*% Products:&DFU_INTERNAL_024F*%Enter% installation&options%you&wish%to%use&(none):8=The% following%products%will%be% processed: DFU_INTERNAL_&2.4D Beginning% installation%of% DFU_INTERNAL_%2.4Kat&13:46Fx%VMSINSTAL-I-RESTORE,% Restoring%product%save&set%A&...' Installing%DFU&version%2.4,F lFOThenextquestionwillpromptyouforthe documenta-HOtionfiles..TheDFU documentationis availableinLineFO5printer, PostScript, BookreaderandHTMLformat.,The?O documentationfileswillbecopiedto SYS$HELP.P*%Do%you&want%the& documentation%in% Lineprinter%format&?%[Y]?BZ%VMSINSTAL-I-DOCMOVED,% DFU024.LINE%moved%to%SYS$HELPS*%Do%you&want%the& documentation%in%PostScript(TM)%format&?p[N]?O *%Do%you&want%the& documentation%in% Bookreader%format%?%[N]?IS*%Do%you&want%the& documentation%in%HTML%format%?%[N]?Y- b/GO VMSINSTALnowlinkstheDFUimageandaddstheiden-UOtifiertothe Rightslist(seechapter2.2forthemeaningoftheO5 identifier)."Linking%DFU&image&...3 %DFU-I-LINK,%Linking&DFU%2.4%image...(I %DFU-S-DONE,%DFU.EXE&created\. s2EONext VMSINSTALwillcreatethe DFU_ALLPRIV identifierOif necessary.P%VMSINSTAL-I-ACCOUNT,%This& installation%adds&an& identifier%named DFU_ALLPRIV.S%UAF-I-RDBADDMSG,& identifier% DFU_ALLPRIV%value:& %X80010008%added%toZrights&data%base/NJOThenextquestionisabouttheoptiontomakeDFUsys-FOtemwide available.2IfyouenterYEStothisquestion0O5 VMSINSTALwilldothe following:0 `m'mMoveDFU.EXEto SYS$SYSTEM `0MoveDFU$STARTUP.COMto SYS$STARTUP `l5lMovetheDFUhelplibrarytoSYS$HELP1F iIOIfyouenterNO VMSINSTALpromptsyouforthepersonalKO directory.(DFU.EXEandDFUhelplibrarywillbemovedtoO5that directory.J*%Do%you&want%DFU&to&be& systemwide% available&?K[N]?%yKDA*****************************************************************RPlease%enter%the% following&line%in%your% SYSTARTUP_VMS& procedure:%$&@SYS$STARTUP:DFU$STARTUPR=Also,&you%must&grant&users&the% DFU_ALLPRIV% identifier&to&enableUthem%to%use&DFU%write% functions%.%See%the&manual%for% informationQabout&the% DFU_ALLPRIV% identifier,%and%the& DFU$STARTUP& procedure.E6;***********************************************************I%VMSINSTAL-I-MOVEFILES,&Files&will%now&be&moved&to&their target%directories...;P Installation%of%DFU%V2.4J completed&at&13:47'2 LOIfyou installedDFUsystemwideyoumaymanuallyexecute=OSYS$STARTUP:DFU$STARTUP.COMonanynodeintheAO5cluster.( ExecutingDFU$STARTUP.COMaddsDFU.EXEtoMOthe installedfilelistandthusimproves performance.*NextJOyoumustgrantanyDFUuser includingyourselftheDFU_KO>ALLPRIV identifiersiftheymustbeabletouseallDFUQO functions.'Seechapter2.2forthemeaningofthis identifier.  3 NV$O2.2BSecurityandaccessJOUDFUhassome functionswhichmustnotbemade availableJOforgeneralusage.+ ThereforeDFUhasacertaingroupofIOcommandswhichrequiretheusertobegrantedtheDFU_HO^ALLPRIV qualifier.'The DFU_ALLPRIV identifieriscreatedNOduringthe installation procedure.*Toenableausertoper-LOformthesespecial functionsthesystemmanagermustgrant*Ohthis identifierasfollows:O$&mc& authorize/O5UAF>&grant/id& DFU_ALLPRIV&username4GOIfthe DFU_ALLPRIV identifierisnotgrantedthentheusers.7NHOAllDFU functionsneedSYSPRVorBYPASS privilege.)The ThereforeevenifyoudecidetoinstallDFUsystemwideyouPOmaydecidenottousethis procedureormodifyittoremoveJOtheBYPASS privilege;thismakesDFU availableonlyto*OHuserswithenough privileges.GG:fO2.3BRunningDFU*OUTorunDFUyoucanenter:!O$&RUN%disk:[mydir]DFUq;!G3Oor(ifDFUis installed systemwide):O$&MC&DFU<iMOYoucanalsodefineanduseasymbolforDFUasfollows:&O$&DFU%==%"$disk:[dir]DFU"OP$&DFU=$ODFUnowpromptswith:=Disk%and%File% Utilities%for&OpenVMS%DFU&I2.4PInternal%Use&Only!? Copyright&(C)%1996&Digital% Equipment& CorporationODFU>"> 5EOYoucannowenterDFU commands.*HELPgivesyouon-HOlinehelp.*AftereachcommandDFUreturnstotheDFU>IO5prompt.-Youcanrecallandedit commands,justaswithNODCL(20commandswillbestoredintherecallbuffer).)UseIOEXITorCTRL/ZtoleaveDFU.IfyouuseasymbolforNO>DFU,youalsoprocessasinglecommandandreturntoDCLO immediately:'O$DFU&SEARCH%disk/qualifiersg?=HODuringaDFUrun,youcan interruptDFUwithCTRL/CJOorCTRL/Y.These interruptsarecatchedbyDFUtoallowJO5acorrectrundownofthecurrentcommand.)Itmaythere-MOforetakesometimebeforeDFUrespondstoaCTRL/CorYO interrupt.d@=^.O2.4BUsinganindirectfilelist@OUThereare3 commands, DIRECTORY,DEFRAGandSETLOwhichacceptanindirectfileasinput parameter.,ThisisSOachievedbyusingthe@sign.*Anindirectfileisafilecon-VO^tainingalistofvalid filenames(eachlineinsuchafilemustPOcontainexactlyone filename).(Suchindirectfilescanbethe;OoutputfileoftheDFUSearchcommandeg.:O$&DFU8ODFU>&SEARCH% mydisk/CHAR=DIRECTORY/OUTPUT=x.x(O$DFU>&DIRECTORY/COMPRESS%@x.x*AB! )O 3.2The!SMG!output" interfaceJOAsofversionV1.8DFUusesSMG(Screen managementrou-POtines)toperformoutputforan interactiveDFUsession.'ThisNOBchapter describesthelayoutoftheDFUscreen,thespecialJOcommandsusedonlyintheSMG interfaceandotheritems1OwithrespecttotheSMG interface.C)&O3.1BEnabling/DisablingSMGIOUDFU automaticallyselectsSMGoutputifyourunanin-JO teractiveDFUsessiononaterminalor workstationwhichJOsupportsSMG.Inabatchjoboranon-DECterminalDFUPO^willusenormallineorientedoutput.)Youcan explicitlydis-COableSMGbydefiningthelogical DFU$NOSMGtoanyOvalue.D BO3.2B Automatic switchingbetweenSMGandLinemodeLOUYoumayprefertoperform interactiveDFUsessionsinSMGJOmode,andsingleDFUcommandsinnormallinemode.(ThisKOcanbedonebyusingthecommand procedurelistedbelow:AOo$!% Procedure%to%switch&beteen%SMG%and&line%modeO$&DFU%=&"$DFU"O$&if&p1&.eqs.&""OG$&then O $!Interactive&seesion-O$&def/user& sys$input% sys$commandO$&dfuOg$&else-O$!Single%command&so&disable%SMG#O$&def/user& dfu$nosmg%x@O?$&dfu%'p1'&'p2'%'p3'%'p4'&'p5'%'p6'%'p7'&'p8'O$&endifO$&exitSrruE "K+O3.3BLayoutoftheSMGscreenBOUAfterstartingDFUthescreenlooksasfollows:[O+-----------------------<&DFU%I2.4&(Internal-Use-Only)%>--------------------+ O"| d "|@Oi|Disk&and%File& Utilities%for%OpenVMS%DFU%I2.4 d i|!O|Internal%Use%Only! d |@O| Copyright%%1996&Digital% Equipment& Corporation d | OA| d A|#O|DFU% functions&are%: d | O| d |8O| DEFRAGMENT&:% Defragment%files%or%disks d |OOa|DELETE:%Delete&files&by&File-ID;&delete% directory%(trees) d a|2O| DIRECTORYK:% Manipulate% directories d |1O|INDEXF:%Modify&/View& INDEXF.SYS d |;O9|REPORT:>%Generate%a%complete%disk&report d 9|*O|SEARCH:%Fast%file&search d |O|SET%:%Modify&file% attributes d |1O|UNDELETEp:%Recover%deleted&files d |;OY|VERIFY:%Check%and&repair%disk& structure d Y| O| d |WOM+----------------------------------Statistics-------------------------------+ O1| d 1| Oy| d y|WOM+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+t DFU>aF77OThisscreenisdividedinto3 sections:XG. `mNmMainScreen:)thetoppartofthescreenisusedfortheAoutputfromDFU commands.*Also broadcastmessages&aresendtothiswindow. `J Statistics:,thelowerpartcontains statisticsfromtheBcurrentcommand.*DuringmostofthecommandsthisLOscreenwillcontainaprogress indicatorandastatusfor thecurrentcommand. `'K'DFUprompt:(thebottomlineisusedastheinputcom-mandline.*HInu(O3.4BSpecialScreencommandsMOUInSMGmodethe followingkeysperformspecial functions:aJ7 `mDmDO:invokesa subprocess(sameastheSPAWNcom-mand) `EFEHELPorPF2:+invokesaspecialSMGwindowforthehelpcommand. `)CTRL/W:redrawsthescreen `APF4:1createsascreendumpintothefileDFU_ SCREEN.TXT `t>tPREVSCREEN:Scrollsbacktheoutputscreen. `@NEXTSCREEN:Scrollsforwardtheoutputscreen `s=sSELECT:Togglesbetween80and132columns.K]POAlthoughonlysome20linesarevisibleintheoutput(main)IOscreenDFUinfact remembers500outputlines.+YoucanLO5scrollbackandforwardthroughtheselineswiththeNEXTEOandPREVSCREENkeys.,Atthe beginningofeachnew3ODFUcommandtheselinesarecleared.*LFOOna workstationwithDecWindows/MotifyoucanchangeKOtheDecTermsizetobemorethanthestandard24lines.JO5DFU'sSMGscreenwill automaticallyadjusttothescreen%OsizeofsuchaDecTerm.oM! )O3.5BSideeffectsLOUThereareafewsideeffectswhenusingSMGmode.&CTRL/CIOandCTRL/Yarecatchedbutnotechoed.-Alsoallbroad-OOcastmessagesaretrappedandwillbe displayedinthemainJO^screenattheendofthecurrentDFUcommand.( SometimesJOthismayslightlydisruptthemainscreen,whichcanbe+OrepairedwiththeCTRL/Wkey.N! NLOFurther,duringthe executionofaDFUcommandthecursorLOwill disappear.*Afterthecommandfinishesthecursorwill*O5reappearattheDFU>prompt.  O[O 4.2DFU!basicsRONote:*thischapterismeantforfirsttimeusersofDFU.IfIOyoualreadyusedDFUbeforeyoumayprobablyskipthisOBchapter.P NLOThischaptergivesabriefoverviewofthecommandswhichNOcanbeusedwithDFU,andhowtheycanprovidethesystem5O5managerwiththe necessary information.)Q JOOneofmostcommonactionsbyasystemmanageristry-UOingtolocatespecificfileseg.-fileswithacertainfilesize.JO5AlthoughalotcanbedonewiththeVMS DIRECTORYcom-ROmandthiscanbeatime consumingprocess, especiallyiftheFOcompletediskmuchbescanned.(TheSEARCHcommandofSO>DFUisexactlymeantforthis situation.'ItgivesaveryquickVOlistofspecificfiles,withtheirsize,andifneededthenumberGOoffile fragments.'SomeusefullSEARCHcommandsare:HOtDFU>&SEARCH%disk/SIZE=MINIMUM=1000&(files%>&1000%blocks)EODFU>&SEARCH%disk/IDENT=SYSTEM%(files%owned%by%SYSTEM)YODFU>&SEARCH%disk/FRAGMENT=MINIMUM=10%(files&with%at%least%10% fragments)KOLDFU>&SEARCH%disk/CHAR=MARKED&(all%files%marked&for%delete)]ODFU>&SEARCH%disk/CREATED=SINCE=YESTERDAY&(all%files%created%since% YESTERDAY)RWKOOfcoursethese qualifierscanbecombinedtonarrowtheFOsearch.(AstheSEARCHcommandscans INDEXF.SYS,notHO5 directories,theoutput generatedbySEARCHmaylookaTObitrandom(butitisjusttheorderinwhichthefileheadersMOareinthe INDEXF.SYSfile).)TosmooththeoutputusetheO>/SORT qualifier.S! MOAnother importantactionforasystemmanageristogatherSOsomeoveralldisk information,suchasnumberoffiles,freeJO5space statisticsand fragmentation information.&TheREPORTLOcommandwillgeneratesuchadiskreport.)Togetindivid-OOualdiskspaceusage informationthe/USAGE qualifiercanbeTO>used.'ThiswillworkevenifthereisnodiskquotaenabledonOthedisk.DTJOAtregular intervalsasystemmanagermayneedtocheckAOadiskwith ANALYZE/DISK.TheDFUVERIFYcommandNO5providesmoreorlessthesame functionalitybutmanytimesHOfaster.+The/FIX qualifierprovidessomeREPAIRoptionsBOwhich(unlikeANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR)doNOTlocktheNO>disk,andthusdonot interferewithotherdisk operations.KOHowever,thediskcanberebuild completelybyusingtheO/REBUILD qualifier.U iSO Occasionalyauserwilldeletethewrongfile,leavingthesys-MOtemmanageroroperatorwiththetedioustaskof restoringGO5thefilefromabackupset.(TheUNDELETEcommandmayTObeabletorecoverthefileifithasnotyetbeen overwrittenJOwithanewone.,MuchcarehasbeentakentomakethisLO>commandassafeas possible; thereforenodisk corruptionsJOwillbetheresultofan UNDELETE.IfDFU encountersaNOproblemwithadeletedfileitwillrefusetoUNDELETEit.:VFOAnothertypeoftypicalsystemmanagerproblemsdeals?Owith directories.-TheDFUcommand DIRECTORYcanDO5handlesuch problems.* DIRECTORYcangeneratereportsFOaboutempty directories(/EMPTY qualifier)ordirecto-NOrieswhichcontainsfileswithacertainnumberofversionsJO> (/VERSION=n qualifier).)Also, directoriesmaybecomein-JOternally fragmented.,ThiscanbequicklysolvedwiththeO /COMPRESS qualifier.EW LOAsecondproblemwith directoriesisindeletingadirec-JOtorywithmanyfiles.,ThismaytakeseveralhoursusingO5aDCLDELETE @* 5. @*165command.+Thisproblemissolvedby=OusingDFU'sDELETE/DIRECTORYcommandwhichcanPOdeletelarge directoriessome10timesfasterthanthenormal?O>DELETEcommanddoes.*Also,usingDELETE/DIR/TREEOOwilldeleteacomplete directorytreewithjustonecommand.;X! LOThedisks INDEXF.SYSfilecan sometimesposespecialprob-QOlems.(Thefilesystemlimitsthenumberof fragmentsforthisUO5file.'OncethislimitisreachedanyattempttocreatenewfilesEOmayresultinafatalSYSTEM-F-HEADERFULLerror.'TheHOINDEXF/ANALYZEcananalyzeandreportthecurrentstateBO>of INDEXF.SYS.Ifneededthe INDEXF/DEFRAGcommand=Ocan defragment INDEXF.SYSwhereas INDEXF/EXTENDHOallows preextendingthe INDEXF.SYSwitharequirednum-LOHberoffileheadersinjustonenew fragment.+NormallyaAOcompleteBACKUP/RESTOREorare-INITofthedisk>Owouldbe necessarytoperformthese functions.YJOThelast2commandsdealwith individualfiles.,SETal-JOlowssettingsofsomespecialfile attributes..SinceVMSJO5V6.0this functionalityisalsoprovidedbytheDCLSETAOFILE/ATTRIBUTEcommand,butDFU'sSETofferssomeJOmoreoptions.(TheDEFRAGcommandisan interfacetotheGO>MOVEFILEfunctionofferedbyVMS5.5andhigher.)ThisDOallowsasimpledefragmentationof individualfiles.ZlMOYoucanevenperformacompletedisk optimizationwiththeO DEFRAG/DISKcommand.[nOOThenextchaptersgivesadetailed descriptionofeachindi-OvidualDFUcommand.*\t]O 5.2DEFRAGCOThischapter describestheDEFRAGcommandwiththe/Orelated parametersand qualifiers.  ^ nO5.1B DescriptionHOUTheDEFRAGcommandcanbeusedto defragmentasingleSOfileoragroupoffiles.)Youcanalsoenteranindirectcom-UOmandfile containingalistoffiles.(ThisfeatureallowsyoutoOO^createanoutputfilewithSEARCHandusethatasaninputOtoDEFRAG._! aIOYoucanalsouseDEFRAGtoquicklyoptimizeacompleteGOdiskwiththe DEFRAG/DISKcommand.*Thelevelofopti-QO5mizationisverygoodalthoughnotashighaswith PolycentreGODiskandFile Optimizer.'However, DEFRAG/DISKcanusu-MOallyperformthetaskinlessthan30minutes.+TheactualKO>timespendon optimizingadiskcanofcoursebe(much)WOlongerifyouhaveaslowVAX,aslowdisk,orifthereislessPOthan2%freespaceonthedisk.)Inthelattercaseyoumay:OHnotgainverymuchbyrunning DEFRAG/DISK.g`==ODFUperformsdisk optimizationin2stages:a h~KOm1.JFiledefragmentation:+thisstagelooksfor fragmentedJfilesand defragmentsthemifthereisenough contiguous!freespace available.MO2.J Unfragment freespace:'thisstagemoves contiguousfilesQtoanotherlocationonthediskinordertoenlargethesize*Oofthe'holes'onthedisk.bJOThe /OPTIMIZE qualifiercanbeusedtodirectDFUwhichOOstagestoperform.'Defaultactionistoperformbothstages.cNPOThe/MAXSIZE qualifiercanbeusedtolimitthesizeoftheJOfilesbeingmoved.,However,youmaynotgettheoptimalCO5resultfrom DEFRAG/DISKifthis qualifierisused.|d RFODEFRAGmakesuseofthefile-primitiveMOVEFILEfunc-LOtion.* Thereforefileswhichareopen,orwhicharemarkedFO5NOMOVEwillnotbe DEFRAGmented.*StillyoushouldbeGOcautiousaboutusingDEFRAG.Youshouldnotmakethis3Ofunction availableforgeneralusage.eGO DEFRAG/DISKwillprocessallmembersonavolumeset,=Ounless overruledwiththe /NOVOLSET qualifier.fn_O5.2BErrormessagesAOUThemostcommonerrorsreturnedbyDEFRAGare:g `m8m ACCONFLICT:Fileisopenbyanotheruser `A DEVICEFULL:Devicehasnotenough contiguousfree,Espacetomovetheentirefile `7 FILNOTACC:FilehasbeensettoNOMOVE. `DCD FILENUMCHK:Youtriedtomoveareservedfile(eg INDEXF.SYS). `CRMSErrors:-Almostalwayscausedbyaninvalidor$twrongfile specifcation.*h :iODEFRAG*jkAkRO Defragmentafileoralistoffilesonthedisk.+OptimizeaO(completedisk.mlCOFormat3OsDEFRAGMdevice:&orfile1,file2,@file...m =O ParametersOsdevice:OOThedeviceonwhichtoperformacompletedisk optimization.1O$(Onlyforthe DEFRAG/DISK command).WnK-Ofile1,file2,@file...PO(Thefile(s)tobe defragmented.)YoucanalsouseanindirectROcommandfile(@file)whichcontainsalistoffilestobede-LO fragmented.)Thismaybeanoutputfile generatedwiththe!O2 SEARCH/OUTPUTcommand.o! O QualifiersOs/BESTTRYNONormallyDEFRAGtriestocreatea contiguousfile.)IfthereOO$isnotenough contiguousfreespacethe operationwillfail.LO|Withthe/BESTTRY qualifierDEFRAGtriestomovethefileHOwiththecontiguous-best-trymethod.)Thismeansamaxi-OO-mumof3 fragments.'Youshouldonlyusethis qualifierwhenGOanormalDEFRAGfails.)IfaDEFRAG/BESTTRYalsofailsQOthisisan indicationthatthedisksfreespaceistoofrag-JO7mented.(RunaREPORTtoseewhatthelargest contiguousOOfreespaceis,andcheckthefreespace fragmentationindex.%pO/DEVICELO(Thedeviceonwhichthefilesreside.,ThedevicenameisROaddedtothefilename.+IfyougenerateafilelistwiththeGODFUSEARCHcommandyoudon'tneedthis qualifierany-LO2more.*Howeveryoumayhavealistoffilesproducedf>romPOanothersourceandthusneedtoappendadevicenametoit.OExample:;hDFU>%SEARCH&#mydisk/...../frag=min=50/output=x.xDFU>%DEFRAG&@x.xUqK+O/DISKNO(Thedisktobe optimized.)Bothfileand freespace optimiza-JOtionwillbe performedunless overruledbythe /OPTIMIZESO qualifier.*Allfilesbeingmovedwillbe displayed;thiscanbe1O2disabledwiththe/NOLOG qualifier.r#O/LBN=logical-block-numberTO(Forcesasinglefiletobemovedtothe specifiedlogicalblockOOnumber.*Donotusethis qualifierwhen processingalistofOfiles.skO /MAXSIZE=nFO(During DEFRAG/DISKdonotmovefileslargerthan'n'Oblocks.tO/NOLOGQO(Donotdisplay individualfilesastheyarebeingmoved.)This6O qualifiercanonlybeusedwith/DISK.uO /NOVOLSETNO(This qualifiers overrulesthedefault behaviourof processingHOallmembersofavolumesetduringa DEFRAG/DISKrun.vYO/OPTIMIZE=optionHO(This qualifierhas2possibleoptions:+/OPTIMIZE=FILESCOand/OPTIMIZE=FREESPACE.This qualifiercanonlybeOOusedwith/DISKandallowssomecontroloverthediskopti-QO2mizationprocess.)DefaultactionistooptimizebothfilesandO freespace.wO /STATISTICSNO(This qualifierdisplaysthe performance statistics:(CPUtime,/OElapsedTime,I/Oand PageFaults.xO /WRITECHECKMO(Performa writecheckonthe resultantfile.+ThedefaultisAO/NOWRITECHECK.Notethata writecheckdoublesthe,OnumberofinvolveddiskI/O's.*y !zO 6.2DELETECOThischapter describestheDELETEcommandwiththe/Orelated parametersand qualifiers.!!! "{nZO6.1B Introduction?OUTheDELETEcommandisdesignedfor2 purposes:~|! TQOm1.JDeleteafilebyfileid(withthe/FILE qualifier).,ThisO functionalityisneededtobeabletodeletefileswhichnoLlongerhaveaparent directory.)Thisway'lost'filesandIw (sometimes)filesmarkedfordeletecanberemovedfromadisk.NOO2.JAfastmethodtodeleteacomplete directoryorevenaD directorytree(withthe /DIRECTORYand/TREEqual-Oifier).)Firstallentriesofa directoryaredeletedwithoutMYremovingthe directoryentry;thissavesalotofunnec-Lessary directoryupdates.*Finallythe directoryfileitselfK isdeleted,unlessthe/KEEP qualifierisused.*ThiswayHba directoryiscleanedupmanytimesfasterthanwiththeDCLDELETE * . **command.,Onlarge directoriesIDFUmaybeeven10ormoretimesfasterthanDCL.ToKldeleteacomplete directorytreeusethe/TREE qualifier.1TheDCLcommandDELETE [.SUBDIR...] * . * #; 3*twillal-Imostalwaysfailtodeletethe intermediate subdirectoryMvfilesforcingyoutoissuethiscommandseveraltimes.'TheBDFUDELETEcommandissmartenoughtodeletetheO'filesandthe subdirectoryfilesintheproperorder;there-Kforeonlyonecommandis sufficienttodeleteacomplete directorytree.}! !GWThe/KEEP qualifierallowsyoutopreservethedirec-Ptorytree.'Thecontentsaredeletedbutthe directoryfile(s)remainsintact.*~<<"!#:ODELETE*T**ODeletesfilesor directories.lBOFormat2OsDELETEN device[:]&ordirectory-file(s)=}O ParametersOsdeviceGOThedeviceonwhichtoperformtheDELETE/FILE=file-idO$command.c K9Odirectory-file(s)QO(Thefilespecificationofthe directoryonwhichtoperformthe@ODELETE/DIRECTORYcommand.*Wildcardfile specifica-MOtionsmaybeused.)DFUwill automaticallyadd.DIRtothe@O2filespecificationifafiletypeisnot provided. yO QualifiersOs /DIRECTORYMOSpecifythe directoryfilewhichmustbedeleted.* WildcardsJO$maybeusedbutmustbeusedvery carefully.+MakesureJO|thatthe directorydoesnotcontain non-empty subdirecto-POries.*Fileswithinsucha subdirectorywillbecomelostafterBO-theDELETE/DIRECTORYcommand(butcanbe recoveredGOwithANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR).Notethatthe directoryfile4Oitselfwillalsobedeleted.'Example:Oc$&DIR%EXAMPLE%O Directory%MYDISK:[RUBBISH]O6 EXAMPLE.DIR;1O$&DFU-ODFU>&DELETE/DIRECTORY% EXAMPLE.DIREOP%DFU-I-CLEANUP,%Deleting% MYDISK:[RUBBISH]EXAMPLE.DIR;1...6O%DFU-S-DELETED,%File% DBGINI.COM;3%deleted4O%DFU-S-DELETED,%File% ICON.COM;1&deleted6O(%DFU-S-DELETED,%File% I_FOOL.COM;1%deleted9Op%DFU-S-DELETED,%File%LOGICALS.COM;51%deleted6O%DFU-S-DELETED,%File% LOGIN.COM;79%deleted6O%DFU-S-DELETED,%File% LOGOUT.COM;4%deleted=OH%DFU-S-DELETED,%File%NOTE_COMPRESS.COM;3&deleted6O%DFU-S-DELETED,%File% SHOWCL.COM;3%deleted8O%DFU-S-DELETED,%File%SYMBOLS.COM;89%deleted8O %DFU-S-DELETED,%File%TPUBUILD.COM;5%deleted-Og  %DFU-S-TOTAL,&11&file(s)%deleted7O %DFU-S-DELETED,%File% EXAMPLE.DIR;1&deleted]L :3O /FILE=file-idLO(Specifyacompletefile-id (num,seq,rvn)ofthefilewhichUOmustbedeleted.)This qualifierallowsthedeletionoflostfiles5Oorfilesmarkedfordelete.'Example:O^$&DFUODFU>&VERIFY%MYDISK::O%DFU-S-CHKHOME,%Home%block%info&verified&OK1OW%DFU-I-IFSCAN,%Scanning% INDEXF.SYS...XO%DFU-E-INVBAKFID,%file& (86,17915,1)%0004CF04$BFS.;1%has&invalid%backlinkZO%DFU-W-DELETED,%file% (537,2878,1)%APPL_UTRYIT_BOOK.TMP;1%marked%for&delete t/. tw. t.0O(DFU>&DELETE%MYDISK/FILE=(86,17915,1)9Op%DFU-S-DELETED,%File%0004CF04$BFS.;1%deleted0ODFU>&DELETE%MYDISK/FILE=(537,2878,1)@O!%DFU-S-DELETED,%File%APPL_UTRYIT_BOOK.TMP;1&deleted*! O/KEEPRO(Preservethe directorytree;onlydeletethe contents.'/KEEPisKOonlyvalidwiththe /DIRECTORY qualifier.'/KEEPworksfor+O DELETE/DIRandDELETE/DIR/TREE.mO/NOLOGKO(Donotlog succesfulldeletesto SYS$OUTPUT./LOGistheOdefault.O /NOREMOVEGO(Canonlybeusedwith/FILE.Default DELETE/FILEwillTOtrytoremovethefilefromtheparent directory.(Ifthefile'sQObacklinknolongerpointstoavalid directorythiswillgen-GO2erateanerror.+The /NOREMOVE qualifier overrulesthisTOAnindirectcommandfile containingalistoffilescanbeusedIOasa parameterto /COMPRESSor/DUMP.Suchalistcan>O5be generatedwiththeSEARCHcommand.'Example:;ODFU>&SEARCH%#disk/FILE=*.DIR/SIZE=MIN=50/OUT=x.x(ODFU>&DIRECTORY/COMPRESS%@x.x3  HOCaution:+Careshouldbetakenwhen compressingcriticalQOsystem directories.(Tobesafeyoushouldfirstusethe/TESTKO5 qualifierbefore compressingthe directory.)AnotherproblemMOmaybecausedbya systemcrashjustwhenDFUis rewritingMOthenew compressed directory (althoughthechancethatthisLO>happensisverysmall).(Whenthishappensyoucanrecover?Othefilesby executingthe following procedure:uKDOm1.JDoa$SET FILE/NODIRofthe corrupted directory>O2.JDeletethe directoryandcreateanewoneHOl3.JDoa$ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR;thiswillmoveallthe%lostfilesto [SYSLOST].HOD4.JMovethefilesfrom [SYSLOST]tothenewlycreated directory.*s  %$&  )5O7.2B Discussionof directory compressionOOUVersionV2.2ofDFU introducedamajorchangeinthedirec-JOtory compressionprocess(issuedbytheDIRECTORY/COMPRESSFO command).* Previouslyversionsalways performedamaxi-KO^mum compression,andthen truncatedthe resultantdirec-ROtory.(Thismaybeusefullonadormant directory,butonanEOactive directorythismethod introducednew problems: h `mKmWhennewfileswereaddedtothe directoryitmustveryOquicklybe extended.'Notonlyisthisaslow operation,butIona fragmenteddiskthiscanleadtoDIRALLOCerrors. `IActive directorieswherefilesareinsertedinarandomJ alphabeticalorderveryquicklyleadto expansionofthe&Ojust compressed directory. MOThefirstproblemisnowsolvedbyNOTdoingan automaticAO TRUNCATIONofthe directory.*The /TRUNCATEquali-QO5fierhasbeenaddedtoallow truncationontheusersrequest.GOAlso/TRUNCATE=blocksizeispossibletoperformpartialKO truncation;DFUwillnottruncatebelowthe blocksizeis-JO>suedin /TRUNCATE.(Theactual blocksizewillberoundedROuptoamultipleofthedisksclustersize.))Thesecondprob-JOlemissolvedbythenew /FILL_FACTOR qualifier.)HereaSOHusercandirectDFUtofilleach directoryblockuptoacer-MOtain percentage(between50and100).'Not specifying/FILL_COFACTORisthesameasdoing/FILL_FACTOR=100(fullIOR compression).+Notehoweverthatthe directory's allocatedUOsizemustbelargeenoughtoallowalowerfillfactor.(IfthatKOisnotpossibleDFUwillissuea DFU-E-EXTERRerror,andSO[>youmustuseahigherfillfactor.'So,whatstrategyshouldbe0Ousedwhen comnpressing directories?COm1.JInactive directories:&useDIR/COMPRESS/TRUNCATE.CO2.JNotveryactive diredctories:.use DIR/COMPRESSE(/TRUNCATE=n).OO3.JActive directories,filesaddedattheend(suchasMAIL, directories):'use DIR/COMPRESSJO4.JActive directories,filesaddedinrandom alphabetical3order:'useDIR/COMPRESS/FILL_FACTOR=n*jj&%'`2 w6!O7.3BOutput formattingMOUAnew qualifier/FORMATcanbeusedwithDIRECTORY/VERSION.KOThisallowsthebuildupofacommand proceduredirectlyFOfromtheoutput generatedbythe DIR/VERSIONcommand.7O^/FORMAThasthe following restrictions:: EOm1.J/FORMATisonlyvalidwiththe/VERSIONandthe/OUTPUT qualifier.POE2.JTheformatstringusedmustcontainthe!AS directive(inL uppercase).*Thefilefoundwillbe substitutedatthe!ASlocationF !bOExample:PODFU>&2DIR/VERSION=4/OUTP=PURGE.COM/FORMAT="$PURGE/KEEP=3&!AS"%mydisk*'&(=O DIRECTORY*S))OPerforms directory functions.oEOFormat5Os DIRECTORYN device[:]&ordirectory-file(s) =O ParametersOsdevicePOThedeviceonwhichtoperformoneofthediskwide directoryO$ functions.t KJOdirectory-files(s)SO(Thefile specificationofthe directoryonwhichtoperformtheEO/CREATE, /COMPRESSor/DUMP function.(WildcardfileMOspecificationsmaybeused.(DFUwill automaticallyadd.DIRIO2tothefilespecificationifafiletypeisnot provided.FO QualifiersOs/ALIASOOThe/ALIAS qualifierdirectsDFUtoscanall directoriesforOO$aliasfileentries.(Onlyaliasfilesin DIFFERENT directoriesNO|willbefound(thisisthemostcommon situation).(NormallyROonlythesystemdiskshouldcontainaliasfiles.(This qualifier;O-canbecombinedwith /VERSION=nand/EMPTY. O /ALLOCATE=nJO(Usedin combinationwith/CREATE.Createsthenewdirec-;Otorywithan allocatedsizeof'n'blocks.q J]O /COMPRESSHO(Performsthe directory compressionunless/TESTisalsoPO specified.+TheoutputwillshowtheresultsintermsoffileOsizes.'Example:+O^DFU>&DIR/COMP&OWN$:[000000]MAIL_O %DFU-S-DONE,%OWN$:[000000]MAIL.DIR;1:&31&files;%was%:%4/9,&now%:&3/3%blocksO1DFU>O/CREATEQO(Createanew,empty directory.)The allocatedsizewillbe14Oclusterunless /ALLOCATEis specified.UO/DEVICELO(Thedeviceonwhichthefilesreside.,ThedevicenameisROaddedtothefilename.+IfyougenerateafilelistwiththeBODFUSEARCHcommandyoudon'tneedthis qualifier.NO2HoweveryoumayhavealistoffilesproducedfromanotherMOsourceandthusneedtoappendadevicenametoit.+ThisJO qualifiercanonlybeusedin combinationwith /COMPRESSO<or/DUMP. f K O/DUMPMO(Produceablockleveldumpofa directory.)/DUMPwillin-QOterpretthe directoryentriesfoundineachblock.'A directoryLOentrycontainsasize,version-limit,typeandnamefield.QO2Nextthe directoryentrycontainsalistofversionsandfileNOID'sforthisentry.*/DUMPwillproducearatherlowlevel4Ooutputofthis information.'Example:OhDFU>&DIR/DUMP&C.DIR'ODUMP&of& directory%block%1KOSize:%22,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,% Name(10):& CHKDSK.EXE-aVersion:%3,%FID%:% (1027,1456,0)NOSize:%26,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,% Name(13):& CHKDSK.README.Version:%2,%FID%:%(33892,1171,0).9Version:%3,%FID%:%(1256,11234,0)KOSize:%22,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,% Name(10):& CHKDSK.SAV-Version:%2,%FID%:% (13947,100,0)LOSize:%24,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,% Name(11):& CHKDSK.SAVE.YVersion:%1,%FID%:%(12531,2114,0)OOSize:%26,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,% Name(14):&CHKDSK_LNK.COM,Version:%2,%FID%:% (12314,72,0)EO1Size:%18,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,%Name(5):%C_D.C,yVersion:%3,%FID%:% (32650,32,0)GOSize:%20,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,%Name(7):%C_D.EXE+ Version:%9,%FID%:% (2675,64,0)GOPSize:%20,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,%Name(7):%C_D.OBJ,Version:%4,%FID%:% (9835,117,0)GOSize:%20,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,%Name(7):%C_D_2.C-( Version:%15,%FID&:% (12428,84,0)IOp Size:%22,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,%Name(9):% C_D_2.OBJ, Version:%9,%FID%:% (8439,119,0)IO Size:%22,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,%Name(9):% C_D_3.CLD,H Version:%3,%FID%:% (9777,178,0)IO Size:%22,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,%Name(9):% C_D_3.OBJ, Version:%2,%FID%:% (9737,161,0)GO Size:%20,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,%Name(7):%C_D_4.C.h Version:%3,%FID%:%(10594,1580,0)IO Size:%22,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,%Name(9):% C_D_4.OBJ- Version:%2,%FID%:% (10177,109,0)'Oa DUMP&of& directory%block%2EO Size:%18,%Version%limit:%3,%Type:%0,%Name(5):%DFU.C. Version:%169,&FID%:& (31123,52,0) tZ . t . t .IO2 %DFU-I-TOTAL,&%OWN$:[SOURCES.FORTRAN.DFUSRC]C.DIR;1:%42%files*O/EMPTYKO(The/EMPTY qualifierwillproducealistofemptydirec-HOtories..This qualifiercanbecombinedwith/ALIASandO /VERSION=n.]3O/FILL_FACTOR=nPO( Specifies,in percentage,thefillingof directoryblocksdur-GOinga /COMPRESS operation.+FillfactormaybebetweenMO50and100.*Omittingthis qualifieristhesameas/FILL_AO2 FACTOR=100(maximum compression).,Ifthe directoryLOhasnotenough allocatedspacealowfillfactormayre-OOsultinfailureoftheCompress operation.*DFUwillissueaHO< DFU-E-EXTERRerror,andthe directoryfilewillnotbeO modified.w KMO/FORMAT=format-stringMO(Createanoutputfileinaformat describedbytheformatOOstring.)Thestringmustcontainthe!AS directive(thismustQObe uppercase).(Atthe!ASlocationthe resultantfilenamewillAO2befilledin.'The/OUTPUT qualifieris required.O/OUTPUT=filenameRO(This qualifier redirectstheoutputtoafile.*Theoutputwill#Oalsogoto SYS$OUTPUT.O /STATISTICSNO(This qualifierdisplaysthe performance statistics:(CPUtime,/OElapsedTime,I/Oand PageFaults.* O/TESTLO(The/TESTcanonlybeusedin conjunctionwith /COMPRESS.KOThe qualifierwillshowtheresultsofthe /COMPRESSbut4Owillnotcompressthe directoryfile.O/TRUNCATE=blocksizeHO(Duringacompress operationtruncatethe directorybackQOtothe blocksize specified.-If blocksizeisnot specified,theOOfilewillbe truncatedbacktothe end-of-fileblocknumber.KO2 Truncationwillalwaysberoundeduptothenexthighest2Omultipleofthedisksclustersize.<KO /VERSION=nLO(The/VERSION qualifierdirectsDFUtoscanall directoriesWOonthedevicetoproducealistoffileswhichhaveatleast'n'JO versions.+This qualifiercanbecombinedwith/ALIASandO2/EMPTY.*(')O 8.2INDEXFCOThischapter describestheINDEXFcommandwiththe/Orelated parametersand qualifiers.)(* O8.1B DescriptionIOUTheINDEXFcommandcanbeusedto manipulatethedisksLO INDEXF.SYSfile.'Thereare4optionswhichcanbeinvoked.Owiththe appropiate qualifiers:Z `mCm/ANALYZE (default):+reportthe fragmentsandmap-Fpingpointersfor INDEXF.SYS.Alsoreportthelargest1 contiguousfreespaceonthedisk. `,/DEFRAG: defragment INDEXF.SYS `? /EXTEND=n:*extend INDEXF.SYSwith1newfrag-Jvmentof'n'blocks; thisis equivalentto'n'newfileheaders. `MCM /TRUNCATE:reducesthesizeof INDEXF.SYS;thisNcanonlybedoneifthe allocatedsizeislargerthanthe end-of-filesize.! HOTheINDEXFcommandisavery powerfulltoolwhichcanJObeusedsolvingsomeclassicODS2problems(suchastheAO5SYSTEM-F-HEADERFULLerror).*ItwillsaveanimageIOBACKUP/RESTORE operationorevenare-INITofthedisk.JOTherearehoweversome restrictionswhenusingthiscom-IO>mand.*Alsoissueingthiscommandonavolumeorshadow=Osetcanonlybedoneaftersome preparation. @OINDEXF/ANALYZEcanalwaysbe performedonaon-MOline,mounteddiskbecauseitisa read-only function.+TheCO5/DEFRAG,/EXTENDand /TRUNCATEoptionhoweverre-POquiresthatthediskis correctly dismountedfromallsystemsOOinthecluster.(AlsoVOLPRO privilegeisrequiredtoexecuteNO>theseoptions.*The proceduretodefrag,extendortruncate(O INDEXF.SYSisasfollows:! EOm1.JPerformanANALYZE/DISK/REPAIRfirsttomakesure@thatthereareno structureerrorsonthediskCOE2.JDISMOUNTthediskclusterwide(with /NOUNLOAD)LIncaseofavolumeorshadowsetthecompletesetmustbe dismounted.9Ov3.JIssue the INDEXF/DEFRAG , /EXTEND=n orA /TRUNCATEcommandforthedisk.,Thesyntaxis:?'DFU> INDEXF/DEFRAGdevice:)OnashadowsetyouHmustspecifythevirtualunitasthedevice:+ parameter>andusethe/SHADOW_MEMBER=device:* qualifierto80specifyONEphysicalmemberofthisset.OO4.JDFUwillremountthedisk privatelyand determineifthe%commandcanbe executed.LO5.JIfthecommandcanbeexecutedDFUwillpromptfora confirmation.LO_6.JIfthecommandis confirmedDFUwillremountthediskH/FOREIGNandstartwiththe operation.'After completing;all operationsthediskwillbe dismounted.EO7.JThesystemmanagermustnowmanuallyremounttheKdisk.+IncaseofavolumesetthecompletesetmustbeIA remounted.'Incaseofashadowset remountingthecom-Opletesetwillresultinacorrectshadowcopy operationon,theothermembersoftheset.OOTherearesome restrictionswhichwilllimittheuseofthe7O/DEFRAG,/EXTENDand /TRUNCATEoptions:! p `mEmThecommandcannotbeexecutedonthesystemdisk `ITheremustbeenough contiguousfreespaceonthediskEEtobeabletoperform/DEFRAGor/EXTEND.IfthereIisnotenoughspaceDFUwillreportitandcancelthe operation. `vFvThe INDEXF.SYSheadermusthaveenoughspacelefttoEbeabletoexecutethe/EXTENDcommand.)IfnotDFUB'willreporta HEADERFULLerrorandadviseyouto0performa/DEFRAG operationfirst. `A INDEXF.SYScannotbeextendedbeyondtheMAXFILESBW parametersetforthedisk.*A$SHOWDEVICE/FULLGcommandwillreportthemaximumfilesallowedforthedisk. `EThefirst3or4 fragmentsof INDEXF.SYS (dependingFonthe geometry)canneverbeenmoved.,IfthereareF9notenough fragments availabletobe defragmentedDFUFwillreportaNOOPTwarningandrefusetoperformaDEFRAG operation.*x x *)+L 0O8.2BExampleofaDEFRAG operationNOUBelowfollowsanexampleofa (fictuous)diskwhichisde-CO fragmentedusingthe/DEFRAG qualifier(the/EXTEND,O qualifierisalmostthesame):#ODFU>& index/defrag%DUA1::O%DFU-I-MOUNTING,&Busy%mounting%disk%DUA1:...=O<%DFU-I-ANALDISK,& Analyzing%INDEXF%and& BITMAP...RO %DFU-I-TOTAL,&Maparea%maps%326%blocks&in&9% fragments&(11%%used) (1)]O%DFU-I-FINDLBN,%Largest%free& contiguous%space%2351%blocks%at%LBN&2649K(2)JO %DFU-I-MOVE,%305&blocks%can%be% defragmented&(5& fragments) (3)?O\Continue%to%modify% INDEXF.SYS%?&(Y/N)&[N]%:&yFO%DFU-I-MOUNTFOR,&Busy% remounting%disk&LDA1:& /FOREIGN...IO%DFU-I-STARTDFR,&Now%copying& fragments%to%new% location...(6)@Os %DFU-S-READY,&all% operations& succesfully& completed s(7),O%DFU-I-DISMNT,%Volume% dismountedi??OThemeaningofthesemessagesisasfollows:! JOm1.JDFUreportsthenumberof fragmentsandthepercent-Fageofspaceusedinthefileheaderof INDEXF.SYS.FThesefigurescanalsobeproducedwiththe/ANALYZEw qualifier.NO2.JDFUreportsthelargestnumberof contiguousfreeblocksOonthedisk.EO3.JDFUnowproposesthelargestchunkof INDEXF.SYSA'whichcanbe defragmentedintoonenew fragment.HO4.JAfter remountingthedisk/FOREIGNDFUstartscopy-*ingthe individual fragments.QO~5.JAfterallcopy operationshavebeen completedthenewfile headeris rewritten.IOV6.JNext BITMAP.SYSwillbemodifiedtoreflectthenewstorage situation.MO.7.JThismessage indicatesthatDFUhas succesfullyfinishedthe operation.*+*,! O8.3BCrashRecovery?OUDuringaDEFRAG,EXTENDorTRUNCATE operationPOthereisaverysmalltimeintervalinwhichasystemcrashQOordiskfailuremayresultina situationwhichrequiresman-PO^ual intervention.'ThisintervalexistsafterDFUhas rewrittenIOthe INDEXF.SYSnewfileheaderandbeforeDFUhascom-NOpletedtherebuildof BITMAP.SYS.BytakingacarefulllookROhatthelogproducedbyDFUitiseasyto determinewhichac-SOtiontotake.(ThecriticalintervalexistsafterDFUissuedthe=O"%DFU-S-REWRTIF, INDEXF.SYSFileheaderrewrit-HOrten"messageandbeforea"%DFU-S-READY,all operationsOO succesfully completed"messagehasbeen reported.'Ifthesys-MO#temordiskfails somewherebetweenthisintervalthediskEO{mustbe remountedand immediatelyrepairedwithDFU>=OVERIFY/REBUILD(aANALYZE/DISK/REPAIRoraSET=O-VOLUME/REBUILD=FORCEcommandwilldoaswell).COFailingtodosomayresultina corrupteddisk. NQOAnyerror,systemordiskfailureoutsidethisintervaldoesKOnotrequirefurtheraction(apartfrommanually remountingO5thedisk).HH,+-! )O8.4B DisclaimerOOUDespitecarefulltestingonseveraldisktypesand configura-JOtionsDIGITALcannot absolutely garantueethat defragment-MOingor extending INDEXF.SYSwillnotresultina corruptedKO^disk.* Thereforeitisstrongly recommendedthatadefrag-NOmentorextend operationonlybe performedonadiskifaBOvalidandrecentlymadediskbackupis available.*  -,.:OINDEXF*`66OAnalyze, DefragmentorExtend INDEXF.SYSU+OFormatOsINDEXFM device[:]\O ParametersOs device[:]5Odevicewhichholdsthe INDEXF.SYSfileGO QualifiersOs/ANALYZEFODisplays informationaboutthenumberof fragmentsinEO$ INDEXF.SYSandthelargest contiguousfreespace..If=O| INDEXF.SYScannotbe defragmenteda"%DFU-W-/ONOOPT"messagewillbe displayed.O/DEFRAGFO(Startsa defragment operationon INDEXF.SYS.Thedisk,Omustbe clusterwide dismounted.RK(O /EXTEND=nGO(Extends INDEXF.SYSwith'n'blocksin1new fragment.OOThisis equivalentto'n'extrafileheaders.+ThediskmustMObe clusterwide dismounted.,'n'willberoundeduptobea2O2multipleofthedisksclustersize.r H O/SHADOW_MEMBER=device:HO(Thephysicalmemberofthe shadowsetonwhichtoper-HOformtheEXTENDorDEFRAG operation.)This qualifierisGOonlyrequiredin combinationwith/DEFRAGand/EXTEND.O2Example:=ODFU>& INDEXF/DEFRAG%DSA0:/SHADOW_MEMBER=$1$DUA104:O %O/SHOW_POINTERSHO(Displaysallmappingpointer information.&Seeexample:,ODFU>&index/analyze/show%$1$dua11=O%DFU-I-ANALDISK,& Analyzing%INDEXF%and& BITMAP...8O=%DFU-I-MAPPTR,% Retrieval%ptr&(%1)%Size%:*=6%,%LBN%:  =08O%DFU-I-MAPPTR,% Retrieval%ptr&(%2)%Size%:*3%,%LBN%:10238O%DFU-I-MAPPTR,% Retrieval%ptr&(%3)%Size%:*3%,%LBN%:%1498254SO%DFU-I-MAPPTR,% Retrieval%ptr&(%4)%Size%:p27534%,%LBN%:%1470720QO]%DFU-I-MAPPTR,% Retrieval%ptr&(%5)%Size%:1002%,%LBN%:J345642RO%DFU-I-MAPPTR,% Retrieval%ptr&(%6)%Size%:1002%,%LBN%:%1016796RO%DFU-I-MAPPTR,% Retrieval%ptr&(%7)%Size%:1002%,%LBN%:%1467444RO5%DFU-I-MAPPTR,% Retrieval%ptr&(%8)%Size%:1002%,%LBN%:%1925727 }. . .POU%DFU-I-MAPPTR,% Retrieval%ptr&(19)%Size%:1002%,%LBN%:J544224RO%DFU-I-MAPPTR,% Retrieval%ptr&(20)%Size%:p10215%,%LBN%:%2565624UO %DFU-I-TOTAL,&Maparea%maps%52791%blocks%in%20% fragments&(37%%used)[O-%DFU-I-FINDLBN,%Largest%free& contiguous%space%9132%blocks%at%LBN&1648761KOu %DFU-I-MOVE,%9018%blocks%can&be& defragmented%(9% fragments)*O /STATISTICSNO(This qualifierdisplaysthe performance statistics:(CPUtime,/OElapsedTime,I/Oand PageFaults. O /TRUNCATEJO(This qualifier truncatesthe INDEXF.SYSfilebacktotheOO end-of-filesize.&Thusover-allocatedblockscanbe recovered.*.-/O 9.2REPORTCOThischapter describestheREPORTcommandwiththe/Orelated parametersand qualifiers./.0)O9.1B DescriptionGOUTheREPORTcommandfunction generatesareportoftheOOfileandfreespace fragmentationofthedisk.*AlsoagraphKOmaybe generatedbythe/GRAPH qualifier;this visualisesNO^thefreespace distributiononyourdisk.(The/USAGEquali-ROfierwillgeneratea diskspaceusagereport.(Thisis especiallyBOusefullif DISKQUOTAisnotenabledonthedisk.WNOThedefaultreportcontains informationoftheVolume,filesLOandthebitmap.*Thisoutputcanbe suppressedbythenew>O5 /NOVOLUME,NOFILEandNOBITMAP qualifiers.+AlsoIOthe/USAGE qualifiercanbeusedby displayinginforma-LOtionofaspecificUICor Identifiersimplyby specifying0O> /USAGE=or/USAGE=.0 /1"O9.2BSyntaxandOutput4OUThesyntaxofthereportcommandis:)ODFU>&REPORT%device/QUALIFIERSq 'MOBelowfollowsanexampleandoutputofthereportcommand:*O*DFU>&REPORT%USER3:/GRAPH/USAGE=O%DFU-I-REPORT,% Reporting%on%USER3:& ($1$DUA102:)F*****&Volume%info&for%USER3:%(from%HOME%block)%*****tDVolume&nameDD:JUSER3tVolume&ownerD:JSYSTEMt Structure&name D:t ClustersizeD:J3tdMaximum%#&filesDd:J367618tFirst%header&VBND:J103tHeader&countD:J51547%(1)t;Free%headersD;:J10951%(2)<*****&File% statistics%(from% INDEXF.SYS)%*****Lt INDEXF.SYS% fragments% /map_in_use%:J21%/%61%(39%&used)p(3)t5Total%filesD5:J40595/t|Files%with% extension%headers:J0$tFiles%marked&for%delete*D:J19%,%size&:%25/63%blockst  Directory&filesD :J1957tTEmpty%filesDT:J177!tFiles%with% allocationD:J40418t Contiguous%filesD:J40326%(4)'t,Total%size%used& /allocatedD,:J2492431%/2533209ttTotal% fragmentsDt:J40770'tAverage% fragments%per&fileD:J1.009K(5)$tFile% fragmentation&index$D:J0.692% (excellent)%(6)&tLAverage%size&per%fragmentDL:J62 tMost% fragmented&file D:K$1$DUA102:[LARGEUSER]A.DAT;1%(&180/630%blocks;%30J fragments)CE *****&Free%space% statistics%(from% BITMAP.SYS)%*****!t Total%blocks&on&diskD :J2940951t Total%free%blocksD :J407742%t  Percentage%free& (rounded)D :J13te Total%free%extentsDe :J260t Largest%free&extent2D :J42912%blocks&at&LBN:%2463597%(7)3t Average%extent%size% (rounded):J1568Gt= Free%space% fragmentation&indexp:J0.191% (excellent)%(6)Qt G%free------------------------------------------------------------------t 100&| |6 95&| 6 |~ 90&| ~ | 85&| j * | 80&| j *  |V 75&| jV * V | 70&| j * Z * | 65&| j * Z * |-60&| j-* Z -* -|u55&| ju* Z u* u|50&|** *&* |45&|** *&**|M40&|M*** M*&**|35&|*** *&***p|30&|*p*&***%**K*&***p|%25&| :%*d%**p*&***%*%*p**K*****%*%|m20&| :m*dm**p*&***%*!m*%*&**K*****%*%|015&|*K*K*&*p*&*% **********%*!*%*&**K*****%*%|010&|*K*K*&*p***% **********%**"*%*&**&******%*%|1E5&|*K*K*&*%*****%**************"E*%*&**&******%*%|M/C-------------------------------------------------------------------tLBN:%0: 2940951DtFree%space% distribution,&each%*%=K2100Kfree&blocksN*****&Disk%Usage%Table%(from% INDEXF.SYS%and% QUOTA.SYS)%*****tIdentifier/UIC3Used/AllocatedpHeaderspQuota& Used/PermStI-------------------------------------------------------------------------t^[SYSTEM]-^ 499554/5056264954510580/2000000t [SSG,MRX]( 42079/463562259 48615/60000t [SSG,TESTJE], 189306/2547424935 259677/300000t6[SSG,LARGEUSER](6 47961/502381648 51886/65000 t~. t. t.i??OThevariousitemshavethe followingmeaning:E! = JOm1.JTheheadercountis calculatedbasedonthesizeofA INDEXF.SYS.Ifmoreheadersareneeded INDEXF.SYS hastobe extended.KO2.JThefreeheadersgivesthenumberoffreeentriesin2 INDEXF.SYSbeforeithastoextend.COv3.JThe INDEXF.SYSnumberof fragmentsandmapwordsHinusearevery importantfiguresto determineiftheF' INDEXF.SYSfilecanbe extended.'The theoreticalmax-Dimumnumberofmapwordsis155.*ThisvaluemaybeGlessifthereareACL'son INDEXF.SYS.Each fragment,K0and thereforeeach retrievalpointermustbeinthemap-Hwordarea.-Asthesizeofa retrievalpointerdependsPonthephysicalsizeofadisk,itisnoteasytosayhow@:many fragments INDEXF.SYScanstoreinthemap-Kwordsarea.(IfthemapwordareaisfulltheINDEXFfileJcannolongerextend,andcreatingnewfilesmayresult,DinaSYSTEM-W-HEADERFULLerror.KO4.JFileswhichhaveexactly1 retrievalpointerarecon-Fsideredtobe contiguous.-Thisdoesn'tmeanthatthe:t CONTIGUOUSbitissetinthefileheader.OO5.JTheaverage fragmentsperfilegivesome indicationabout*Lthetotalfilefragmentation.KO6.JThefileandfreespace fragmentationindex classifies$$ yourdiskasfollows:~ hYh0-1:' Excellent Y1-2:'Good fYf2-3:'Fair Y3-4:'Poor eYe>4:&Bad RKWIfyourindexisgreaterthan3youshouldconsiderde-I fragmentingthediskusingDigitalsDFO software,orby4 performinganImageBACKUP/Restore.QO7.JThelargestfreeextentisausefullfigurefor defragmen-Htation purposes.*Youcannot defragmentafilewhenits/9sizeisgreaterthanthisvalue.T*LOThedisksfreespace distributionasabargraph.,OntheJO horizontalaxistheLogicalBlockNumber(LBN)isshown,BO5runningfrom0tothemaximumblocknumber.-Each !@*GO representsacertainnumberof contiguousfreeblocks.QOIfyouusethe/USAGE qualifierausagetablewillbeadded.KOPer Identifier/UICtheblocksused/allocated,andtheLO5numberoffileheadersareshown.*If DiskquotaisenabledIOathirdcolumnwillbeincludedwhichshowstheblocksCOused/permittedallowingto QUOTA.SYS.Normallyquota2O>shouldsatisfythe followingrule:DtQuota%used%=&blocks% allocated%+%#&of&file%headers*  102:OREPORT*sIIOCreateafileandfreespacereportofadiskdevice.U+OFormatOsREPORTM device[:]=O ParametersOs device[:]QODevicetobe reported.(Youmayalsospecifyalogicaldevice-O$name.HO QualifiersOs>/APPEND=filenamePOThis qualifier redirectstheoutputtobeappendedtoanal-XO$readyexistingfile.)IftheoutputfiledoesnotexistsitwillbeHO|created.'Youcanuse/APPENDor/OUTPUTbutnotboth. O/GRAPHMO(This qualifier generatesagraphtablewhich visualizesthePOfreespace distributiononthedisk.'/NOGRAPHisthedefault. vO /NOBITMAPKO(The /NOBITMAP qualifier suppressesthe"Freespacestatis-Otics"output. A`O/NOFILEOO(The/NOFILE qualifier suppressedthe"File Statistics"output.hO /NOVOLUMEDO(The /NOVOLUME qualifier suppressesthe"Volumeinfo"Ooutput.O/OUTPUT=filenameRO(This qualifier redirectstheoutputtoafile.*Theoutputwill#Oalsogoto SYS$OUTPUT.O /STATISTICSNO(This qualifierdisplaysthe performance statistics:(CPUtime,/OElapsedTime,I/Oand PageFaults.' &O /USAGE(=uicor identifier)MO(The/USAGE qualifierwillgeneratea diskspaceusagereportPObasedonIdentifiers/UIC.If diskquotaisenabledonthediskJOtheblocksused/permittedallowingto QUOTA.SYSwillalsoNO2beshown.(/USAGEisveryusefullwhen diskquotaisnoten-ROabledonthedisk.*Whenauicor identifieris specifiedonlyPOthe informationforthisuicor identifierwillbe displayed.*213O 10.2SEARCHCOThischapter describestheSEARCHcommandwiththe/Orelated parametersand qualifiers.M""324 O10.1C IntroductionNOUThesearchfunctionallowsveryquick disk-widesearchesforUOspecificfiles.(Youcanusealmostanypossiblefile attributeasOasearch qualifier.++435|#O10.2CSyntaxandOutput0OUThecommandsyntaxforSEARCHis:)ODFU>&SEARCH%device/qualifiers :[OOTheoutputis displayedonyour terminal.)YoucanalsosortOOtheoutputwiththe/SORT qualifier.(Theoutputisshownin O52or3columnseg:0ODFU>&SEARCH%MYDISK/FILE=X.X/FRAGMENT t. tI.'O$1$DUA102:[USER.COMMAND]X.X;1 o1/3  1/1 t. t!.! WQOThefirstcolumnshowsthefullfilename.*Asofthisver-NOsionofDFUthedevicenameisincludedinthefilename.LO5Thesecondcolumnsshowsthefilesizeasactual/allocatedQOsize.'The3rdcolumnisoptionalandwillonlybeshownwhenJOthe /FRAGMENT qualifierisused.)Itshowsthenumberof6O> fileheaders/numberoffile fragments.546 x'O10.3CVolumeSet processingEOUSEARCHchecksifthedeviceto-be-searchedismemberROofavolumeset.*Ifso,thecompletevolumesetwillbepro-KOcessed,startingwithRelativeVolumeNumber1uptothePO^lastmemberinset.(Youcanoverridethis behaviourwiththeO /NOVOLSET qualifier.657Qw'"O10.4COutput formattingHOUAnew qualifier/FORMATcanbeusedwithSEARCH.ThisKOallowsthebuildupofacommand proceduredirectlyfromDOtheoutput generatedbytheSEARCHcommand.(/FORMAT.O^hasthe following restrictions: hVKOm1.J/FORMATisonlyvalidwiththe/OUTPUT qualifier,andHcannotbeusedtogetherwiththe/FULLorthe/SORT qualifiers.PO2.JTheformatstringusedmustcontainthe!AS directive(inL uppercase).*Thefilefoundwillbe substitutedatthe!ASOlocationl !cOExample:QODFU>&(SEARCH/OUTP=DEL.COM/FORMAT="$DELETE/CONF%!AS"/FILE=*.LOG&mydisk*768 \0O10.5CUICand identifier processingGOUThisversion introducesanimprovedhandlingofUIC's.FOPreviousversionsofDFUonlyacceptedanumericUICIOinthe/OWNER qaulifieroran identifierinthe/IDENTPO^ qualifier.+V2.4nowacceptsallvaliduicand identifierfor-BOmats(numericand alphanumeric)inthe/OWNERandOO/IDENT qualifiers.' Technicallythereisnolongeranydiffer-TOhencebetweenthesetwo qualifiers,buttheywillbeleftinfor!O compatibilityreasons.j5j58079:OSEARCH*\22OFastfilesearchthrough INDEXF.SYS.U+OFormatOsSEARCHN device[:] =O ParametersOs device[:]QODevicetobe searched.'Youmayalsospecifyalogicaldevice-O$name. frO DescriptionIOsTheSEARCHcommandisusedforquick disk-widesearchesQOforspecificfiles.,The qualifiersdescribethefile attributesSO$usedasthesearch criteria.'YoucancombinealmostalloftheDO|possible qualifiers,unless otherwise specified.&Eg.:KODFU>&SEARCH%3DISK1/SIZE=MIN=10/OWN=[1,4]/CREATED=SINCE=YESTERDAYOOisavalidcommand.+Notethat qualifierswillbeusedinaNOlogicalANDmanner,thatis,SEARCHwillonlydisplayfilesDOMwhichobeytoall qualifiersandoptions specified.EO QualifiersOs /ALLOCATEDDODefault,"SEARCH will use the actual file size.3TheHO$ /ALLOCATED qualifierforcesSEARCHtousethe allocatedQO| filesize.*This qualifierisonly meaningfullifyoucombineitOwith/SIZE.4 O/APPEND=filenamePO(This qualifier redirectstheoutputtobeappendedtoanal-XOreadyexistingfile.)IftheoutputfiledoesnotexistsitwillbeHOcreated.'Youcanuse/APPENDor/OUTPUTbutnotboth.!O/BACKUP=option(,option)MO(The/BACKUP qualifierisusedtosearchfiles dependingon>Otheirbackupdate.'Thepossibleoptionsare:p `mm/BACKUP=BEFORE=date `/BACKUP=SINCE=date `ll /BACKUP=NONEd:HOTheNONEoptiongivesfileswhichdon'thaveabackupNOdate recorded.Theother2optionscanbeusedtogetfilesMO5whichhaveabackupdatebeforeorafteraspecificdate.EOTheBEFOREandSINCEoptioncanbecombinedinoneOcommand.+  "O/BAKFID=backlink-file-idSO(Youcanusethis qualifiertolookforafilewithaspecificTO backlink.*Onlythefirstpartofthefileidmustbe specified,`Othatis,ifthefileidis(x,y,z)youmustspecify'x'asthefileid.SO2Youcanusethis qualifiertogetfilesfromaspecificdirec-SOtory.'Ifyouuse /BAKFID=0youwillgetfilesnot belongingto2Oa directory(often temporaryfiles).  *O /CHARACTERISTIC=(char1,char2...)WO(This qualifierisusedtogetfileswithspecificfile characteris-GOtics.Thecharacteristicscanhavethe followingvalues: } `m(m Directory:' directoryfiles `.Nobackup:'filesmarkednobackup `l6l Contiguous:'filesmarkedas contiguous `1Erase:'erasefilebeforedeletion `k kSpool:'spoolfiles `FBadblock:'fileswhichcontain suspectedbadblock(s) `i3iBadacl:'fileswitha corruptedACL `8Besttry:'filesmarkedcontiguous-best-try `h7hScratch:'filesmarkedasscratchfiles `:Nocharge:'filesnotchargedagainstquota `f7fNomove:'filesmarkedNoMove(VMS5.5+) `?Locked:'fileswiththedeaccesslockbitset `e1eMarked:'filesmarkedfordeletion `= Noshelvable:'fileswhichcannotbeshelved `d2d Isshelved:'fileswhichareshelvedM +#IOTheseveralcharacteristicscanbecombinedinonecom-KOmand.IfyouwantalogicalOR behaviourinsteadoftheGO5defaultAND behaviour,youcanusethespecialoptionOMATCH=OReg:1SEARCH%disk/CHAR=(NOMOVE,DIR,MATCH=OR)*  "O/CREATED=option(,option)NO(The/CREATED qualifierisusedtosearchfiles dependingon6Otheircreationdate.'Theoptionsare:{Q `mm/CREATED=BEFORE=date `/CREATED=SINCE=date NTOThese2optionscanbeusedtogetfileswhichhaveacreationNOdatebeforeorafteraspecificdate.'TheBEFOREandSINCE6O5optioncanbecombinedinonecommand.#O/EXCLUDE=(file1,file2...)PO(This qualifierisusedtoexcludefilesfromthesearch.+YouQOcanusewildcard filenames;youcanalsospecifiyalistofOfiles."O/EXPIRED=option(,option)NO(The/EXPIRED qualifierisusedtosearchfiles dependingon8Otheir expirationdate.'Theoptionsare:s `mm/EXPIRED=BEFORE=date `/EXPIRED=SINCE=date `ll /EXPIRED=NONEo EIOTheNONEoptiongivesfileswhichdon'thaveaexpira-TOtiondate recorded.Theother2optionscanbeusedtogetfilesQO5whichhavea expirationdatebeforeorafteraspecificdate.EOTheBEFOREandSINCEoptioncanbecombinedinoneOcommand. O /FID=file-idRO(The/FID qualifierisaspecialfunctionofSEARCH.ItdirectsQOSEARCHtogodirectlytothe specifiedfilewithout processingROtherestoftheIndexfile.( Therefore,youcannotcombinethisNO2 qualifierwithothersearch qualifierssuchas/FILE.NormallySOafile-idconsistsisintheform(x,y,z)wherexisthenum-NOberofthefileheaderwithin INDEXF.SYSyisthesequenceHO<number,andzistheRelativeVolumeNumber.+YouonlyFOneedtospecifiythexvalueinthe/FID qualifier.  O/FILE=(file1,file2...)TO(This qualifierisusedtosearchforfileswithaspecificfilePOname.Youcanusewildcardfilenames;alsoyoucanspecifyaOlistoffiles.w KMO/FORMAT=format-stringMO(Createanoutputfileinaformat describedbytheformatOOstring.)Thestringmustcontainthe!AS directive(thismustQObe uppercase).(Atthe!ASlocationthe resultantfilenamewillAO2befilledin.'The/OUTPUT qualifieris required.`-O#/FRAGMENT(=(MINIMUM=nr,MAXIMUM=nr))JO(This qualifierdisplaysthenumberof fragmentsandfileOOheadersofeachfilefound.,YoucanfurtherlimitthefilesAOfoundbyusingtheMINIMUMandMAXIMUM=options.O2Forexample:ODFU>& disk/FRAG ODFU>&disk/FRAG=min=10*OGDFU>&disk/FRAG=(min=10,max=100)*E! KO/FULLTO(Ifyouusethis qualifier,SEARCHwillgiveafulloutputforTOeachfilefound.'Thisoutputisa look-alikeoftheoutputfromFODIRECTORY/FULL.Youcannotcombinethis qualifierwithO2/SORTor /SUMMARY.! O/HOMEOO(This qualifierdirectssearchtogiveoutputfromthedisk'sMOhomeblock.'SEARCHusesthehomeblockfor calculatingthe=Ofreeandusedfileheaderswithin INDEXF.SYS.U(O/(NO)IDENT=identifieroruicJO(Youcansearchforfilesownedbyaspecific identifierKOoruic..Anyvaliduicor identifierformatmaybeused.BOAnotherwayisthe /OWNER_UIC qualifier;youcan-CO2notcombinethese2 qualifiersinoneSEARCHcom-IOmand.*Issueing/NOIDENTdirectsDFUtosearchforfiles>ONOTownedbythis IDENTIFIER,eg:.DFU>SEARCH'O<sys$sysdevice/NOIDENT=SYSTEM. o#O/LBN=logical-block-numberPO(The/LBN qualifierisaspecialfunctionofSEARCH.Thisal-POlowsyoutofindafilewhichcontainsaspecificLBN.ThisNOmaybeusefullifyouhavebadblocksloggedintheerrorNO2log.(Youcannotcombine/LBNwithsearch qualifierssuchasO/FILE.,O/(NO)OWNER_UIC=uicor identifierTO(This qualifierisusedtogetfilesownedbyaspecificuicorNO identifier.+Anyvaliduicor identifierformatmaybeused.JOYoucannotcombinethis qualifierwith/IDENT. SpecifyingHO2/NOOWNERdirectsDFUtosearchforfilesNOTownedby$OthisUICor identifier.! #O/MODIFIED=option(,option)OO(The /MODIFIED qualifierisusedtosearchfiles dependingon:Otheir modificationdate.'Theoptionsare:} S `mm/MODIFIED=BEFORE=date `/MODIFIED=SINCE=date >! NSOThese2optionscanbeusedtogetfileswhichhaveamodifi-OOcationdatebeforeorafteraspecificdate.(TheBEFOREand=O5SINCEoptioncanbecombinedinonecommand."uO /MULTIPLEQO(This qualifiersearchesforfileswhichhavemorethan1fileOheader.#O /NOSEARCHMO(This qualifiercanonlybeusedin combinationwith/HOME.OOItisusedtogetthe Homeblockinfo,without searchingtheOentiredisk.$! O /NOVOLSETPO(Thedefault behaviourofSEARCHistoprocessanentirevol-JOumeset.(Youcanoverridethis behaviourwith /NOVOLSET.?OThismaybeusefullwhendoinga/LBNsearch.%O /OUTPUT=fileMO(This qualifier redirectstheoutputfromSEARCHtoanout-SOput file.ThisfilecanlaterbeusedasinputtotheDEFRAG,&O DIRECTORYorSETcommand.&O/OVER_ALLOCATED=nOO(Searchesforfileswherethe differencebetweentheusedand6O allocatedsizeisatleast'n'blocks.'! O/PLACEDKO(Checksforfileswhichhavea placementcontrol retrievalKO pointer.Thisis sometimessetbynon-DECdisk defragmenta-Otion programs.(p-O#/SIZE=(minimum=size1,maximum=size2)SO(The/SIZE qualifierisusedtolimitfilesfoundbytheirfileEOsize.Youcaneitheruseminimum=ormaximum=oruseNObothoptions together.*SEARCHwillusetheactualfilesizeNO2for selectingfiles,exceptwhenthe /ALLOCATED qualifierisOused.)! O/SORTUO(This qualifierwillsortthefilesfoundbeforebeingoutput.'YouJOcancombinethiswiththe/OUTPUT qualifier(thedefault"Ooutputis SYS$OUTPUT).*O /STATISTICSNO(This qualifierdisplaysthe performance statistics:(CPUtime,/OElapsedTime,I/Oand PageFaults.0+ KO/SUMMARYVO(This qualifierwilllimittheoutputtothetotalnumberoffilesMOfound,withtheirsize(andoptionalthe fragmentationwhenAO/FRAGisused).,Youcannotcombine/SUMMARYwithO2/FULL.,| U=O3/VERSION_NUMBER=(minimum=version1,maximum=version2)GOThe/VERSION_NUMBER qualifierisusedsearchforfilesKOwithinarangeofspecificfileversionnumbers.-LogfilesJO2whichareproducedwiththesamenamemayposeproblemsDOwhentheyreachthemaximumversionnumber(32767).FOUsing/VERSION=MIN=32000isaquickwaytofindsuchO<files.*-98:.O 11.2SETIOThischapter describestheSETcommandwiththerelated&O parametersand qualifiers.h:9;c/ 9O11.1C IntroductionMOUTheSETcommandallowsyoutomodifyfile attributeswhichGOcan'tbemodifiedthroughDCL commands.+NotethatyouMOshouldbecarefullaboutusingthis function;youmayeas-LO^ilycorruptfiles.)NOTE:Thismuchwanted functionalityisGOfinally introducedinVMS6.0withanewDCLcommandGO$SETFILE/ATTRIBUTES.StillDFU'sSEThassomeoptionsJOhwhicharenotinSETFILE/ATTRIBUTES(suchassettingaOBACKUPdate).*0u--;:<1! 0O11.2CUICand identifier processingMOUAsofthisversionofDFUthe/OWNERand/IDENT qualifierOOnowacceptsallvaliduicor identifierformats.*SeechapterO10.5fordetails.X#X#<;=72  OSET*3M4##OModifyfile attributes.^54OFormat$OsSETNfile1,file2,...,@file6FO ParametersOsfile1,file2,...,@fileOOThefilestobe modified.+The attributestobemodifiedarePO$ specifiedwith qualifiers.( Wildcardsareaallowedinthefile-RO|name.(Anindirectfilecanbeusedbyusingthe@sign.(ThisMOallows processingofafilelistproducedbyaDFUSEARCHO-command.7 O QualifiersOs/BACKUP_DATE=dateO/NOBACKUP_DATEOO$Controlswhetheranewbackupdateisassignedtothespec-UO|ifiedfiles.(Specifythedate accordingtotherules describedinJOChapter1oftheVMSDCLConceptsManual.(AbsolutedateOO-keywordsareallowed.*Ifyouspecify0asthedate,today'sHOdateisused.(Ifyouspecify/NOBACKUP_DATEtheBackup)Odatefieldwillbecleared.8O/BADACLO( /NOBADACLMOSetsorresetsthe'BADACL'flaginthefileheader.,ThisBOenablesdeletionofafilewitha corruptedACL.9AgO/BUCKETSIZE=sizeMO(Setsanewvalueforthebucketsizeinthefileheader.: {O/CONFIRMO( /NOCONFIRM (default)MOControlswhetherarequestisissuedbeforeeach individualMOSET operationtoconfirmthatthe operationshouldbeper-OO2formedonthatfile.(Whenthesystemissuestheprompt,you9Ocanissueanyofthe following responses:YESNOQUITWTRUEFALSEKCTRL/Z 10ALLNOYoucanuseany combinationofupper-and lowercaselettersJOforword responses.*Word responsescanbe abbreviatedtoOO3oneormoreletters(forexample,T,TR,orTRUforTRUE).HO AffirmativeanswersareYES,TRUE,and1.*Negativean-DOswersareNO,FALSE,0,and.+QUITorCTRL/ZLO= indicatesthatyouwanttostop processingthecommandatJOthatpoint.(WhenyourespondwithALL,thecommandcon-OOtinuestoprocess,butnofurtherpromptsaregiven.*IfyouUOGtypearesponseotherthanoneofthoseinthelist,thepromptOwillbe reissued.; O/CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY O(/NOCONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRYJOSetsorresetsthe'CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY'bitinthefileOheader.<! O/CREATION_DATE=dateO(/NOCREATION_DATEQOControlswhetheranewcreationdateisassignedtothespec-UOifiedfiles.(Specifythedate accordingtotherules describedinJO2Chapter1oftheVMSDCLConceptsManual.(AbsolutedateOOkeywordsareallowed.*Ifyouspecify0asthedate,today'sOdateisused.=! O /DIRECTORYO( /NODIRECTORYTOSetsorresetsthe directory attributeofafile.*This qualifierUOallowsyoutosetthe directorybitofafilewhichwasmistak-FO2inglyresetbythe'SETFILE/NODIRECTORY'command.'IfVOitisdoneona non-directoryfile,thenaccesstothat directory.Owillgivea 'BADIRECTORY'error.)>O/EBLOCK[=block]PO(This qualifierwillresetthe end-of-filemarktothehighestPOblock allocatedifnoblockhasbeen specified.) OtherwisetheFO end-of-filemarkwillbesettothe specifiedblock.%? O /EBYTE[=byte]RO(This qualifierwillsetthe end-of-filebytemarktothehigh-TOestbyteifithasnotbeen specified.( Otherwisethe end-of-file>Obytemarkwillbesettothe specifiedbyte.@ O/EXPIRATION_DATE=dateO(/NOEXPIRATION_DATEPOControlswhetheran expirationdateisassignedtothespeci-TOfiedfiles.(Specifythedate accordingtotherules describedinJO2Chapter1oftheVMSDCLConceptsManual.(AbsolutedateOOkeywordsareallowed.*Ifyouspecify0asthedate,today'sOdateisused.>AK$O/IDENT=identifieroruicEO(Modifythefile ownership.,Seealso /OWNER_UIC.ThisPOallows modificationofthefile-ownershipevenifthefileisFOopen,eg.* INDEXF.SYS.Youcannotuseboth/IDENTandO2 /OWNER_UIC./B KO/LOCKEDO( /NOLOCKEDUOThis qualifierwilllockafileforfutureuse.(NothingelsecanVOthenbedonewiththefile,untilitisunlocked(whichcanalso6O2bedonewiththeVMS'UNLOCK'command.C O/LOG (default)O(/NOLOGMOControlswhethertheSETcommanddisplaysthefilespecifi-EOcationofeachfileafterthe modificationismade.D xO/MAXREC=recordOO(SetsanewvalueforthemaximumrecordnumberinthefileOheader.E wO/ORGANIZATION=keywordBO(The followingkeywordsareused as parameters for:Othe ORGANIZATION qualifier:0DIRECT,INDEXED,FORELATIVEand SEQUENTIAL.Thiswillallowyoutomod-VO2ifythefile organizationtypeinthefileheader.(Ofcoursethis@Owon'tchangethereal organizationofthefile.[FK1(O/OWNER_UIC=uicor identifierOO(Modifythefile ownershiptoanuicor identifier.+SeealsoLO/IDENT.Thisallows modificationofthefile-ownershipevenLOifthefileisopen,eg., INDEXF.SYS.Youcannotuseboth"O2/IDENTand /OWNER_UIC.^G! 4 O/RECATTRIBUTES=keywordGO(The followingkeywordsareusedas parametersforthe>O RECATTRIBUTES qualifier:'NONE,FORTRAN,IMPLIED,FOPRINTandNOSPAN.ThiswillallowyoutomodifytheMO2file'srecord attributesinthefileheader.(NONE,FORTRAN,FOIMPLIEDandPRINTaremutually exclusive,butcanbeGOusedin combinationwithNOSPAN.WhenNOSPANisomit-RO<tedSPANisassumed(thedefaultistoallowrecordstocrossOblock boundaries).HAdO /RECSIZE=sizeMO(Setsanewvaluefortherecordsizeinthefileheader._I5O/RECTYPE=keywordGO(The followingkeywordsareusedas parametersforthe9ORECTYPE qualifier:0FIXED,STREAM, STREAMCR,:O STREAMLF, UNDEFINED,VARIABLEandVFC.ThisPO2willallowyoutomodifythefile'srecordtypeinthefileOheader.J O/REVISION_DATE=dateO(/NOREVISION_DATEMOControlswhetherarevisiondateisassignedtothespeci-TOfiedfiles.(Specifythedate accordingtotherules describedinJO2Chapter1oftheVMSDCLConceptsManual.(AbsolutedateOOkeywordsareallowed.*Ifyouspecify0asthedate,today'sOdateisused.KAhO/RVCOUNT=countPO(Setsanewvaluefortherevisioncountinthefileheader.L]O/UPDATEO( /NOUPDATE (default)NONormallythefile'srevisiondatewillbeupdatedafteranyLO modificationtoit.+SEThoweverdisablesthisupdate(oth-KO2erwisetheREVISIONdatecouldnotbeset).+SpecifythisIO qualifierifyouwanttherevisiondatetobeupdated.MO /VFCSIZE=sizePO(SetsanewvaluefortheVFCsizeinthefileheader.+ThisDOvaluewillonlybeusedwiththeVFCrecordtype.*N=<>OO 12.2UNDELETEEOThischapter describestheUNDELETEcommandwiththe/Orelated parametersand qualifiers.u>=?P )O12.1C IntroductionEOUTheUNDELETEfunctionisdesignedtorecoverdeletedLOfiles,if possible.*UNDELETEoperatesinasafemodesuchROthatitfirstchecksifthedeletedfileheaderand diskblocksSO^arestill available.+Onlyinthatcasewillthefileberecov-IOered.( OtherwiseUNDELETEwillleavethedisk unmodified.2OUNDELETEhassome powerfulloptions:Q! w `mMmGeneratealistof recoverablefileswiththe/LISTquali-Qfier.&This qualifierwillnotundeleteanyfile,and therefore-itdoesnotlockupthedisk. `3Undeletemultiplefilesinonepass. `BMakefile selectionsbasedontheownerwiththe(v/OWNERor/IDENT qualifier. `G UndeletedfileswhichcannotbeenteredbackintheirJMoriginal directorywillbemovedtothe [SYSLOST]direc-Atory.)Thissavesan additionalANALYZE/DISK/REPAIRaction.*R? >@Sn^$O12.2CHowUndeleteworks:OUTheUNDELETEcommandoperatesasfollows:zT b PPOm1.JLockthevolume.'InthesamemannerasANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR:andSETVOLUME/REBUILDUndeletelockstheFdiskforotherwriterssuchthatno modificationsto?wtheINDEXF,BITMAPorQUOTAfilecanbemade.PO2.JSearchthe INDEXF.SYSfileifthe requestedfileisstillQOthere.*Acheckismadeifitreallyisavaliddeletedfileheader.SO'3.JChecksifthedeletedfileheaderandallpossible extension%headersarestillvalid.TO4.JChecksiftheblocks previouslyownedbythisfilearestillWfre>e.QO5.JIfallthese conditionsaremetDFUwilldisplaythefile*/andasksfora confirmation.NO6.JRebuildsallofthedeletedfileheadersandbitmapsinFmemory..IfnoerrorsarefoundallthefileheadersK_andbitmapsarewrittenbacktodisk.*Thefilesoriginal8backlinkissavedinatableinmemory.NO77.JIf appropiatetheblocksandheadersarechargedagainst diskquota.HO8.JWhenallof INDEXF.SYShasbeenscannedthevolumehis unlocked.VO9.JThefile(s)is(are)enteredintheoriginal directoryifpos-K@ sible,usingthetablebuildupinmemory.+IftheenterF commandfails (probablybecausetheoriginal directoryL isgone)thefilewillbeenteredin [SYSLOST].DFUwill.I createthis directoryifneeded.U! NTOIfthe/LIST qualifierisused,DFUwilljustlisttherecover-ROablefileswithout performinganyactiononthedisk.&Thedisk O5willnotbelocked.V! WSOItis importanttonotethatduringthebitmapandfileheaderMO processinganyerrorwill immediately terminatetherecoveryMO5process,andunlockthedisk.*Fileswhichhavebeenrecov-ROereduptothatpointwillstillbeenteredinthe appropiateNO directory.(Asnowrong informationhasbeenwrittenbacktoJO>thediskthisshouldleavethediskinaproperstate.EW! MONOTE:Theblocks recoveredwillNOTbe subtractedfromtheOOVolume'sfreeblockcount.(Togettheactual freeblockcount?O5aSETVOLUME/REBUILD=FORCEis necessary.+Alsoa@OcompletereMOUNTwillresetthe freeblockcount.X [GO IMPORTANT:DFUtakescaretorecoveronlyfileswhoseIOoriginalblocksarefree.,HowevertheseblocksmayhavePO5beenmodifiedinthemeantimebyanotherfilewhichalsohasMObeendeleted.( Thereforeeach recoveredfilemustbechecked.Omanuallytocheckits integrity.*YZ  .OExampleofaUndeletesession:&ODFU>&undel&$1$dua102:/list:Oq Recoverable%file&[TEST]CHANGE_UIC.FOR;2%found8O Recoverable%file&[TEST]CHECK_ID.FOR;1&found9O Recoverable%file&[TEST]CHKPRDIMG.FOR;1%found6OI Recoverable%file&[TEST]CHRLEN.FOR;1%found,ODFU>&undel/file=*.for% $1$DUA102:2O%DFU-I-READBMAP,&Reading% BITMAP.SYS...9Od%DFU-W-LOCKED,%Volume%now&LOCKED%for%write6O %DFU-I-UNDEL,&Start&search%on% $1$DUA102::O Recoverable%file&[TEST]CHANGE_UIC.FOR;2%found0O]Recover&this%file?%(Y/N)%[N]&:%n8O Recoverable%file&[TEST]CHECK_ID.FOR;1&found0ORecover&this%file?%(Y/N)%[N]&:%y7O5%DFU-S-RECOVER,%File% succesfully% recovered2O|%DFU-I-ADDQUOTA,&updating& diskquota...9O Recoverable%file&[TEST]CHKPRDIMG.FOR;1%found0O.Recover&this%file?%(Y/N)%[N]&:%n6Ov Recoverable%file&[TEST]CHRLEN.FOR;1%found0ORecover&this%file?%(Y/N)%[N]&:%y7O'%DFU-S-RECOVER,%File% succesfully% recovered2Oo%DFU-I-ADDQUOTA,&updating& diskquota...*O%DFU-I-UNLOCK,%Volume%unlocked&EXIT*[((@?A\)*O12.3CFilesmarkedfordeleteIOUNormallyDFUdoesnotundeletefilesmarkedfordelete.JOThisversion introducesanew qualifier,/MARKED,whichLO specifically undeletesfilesmarkedfordelete.,ThisallowsTO^therecoveryoffileswhicharedeletedbutstillopen,suchasKO INSTALLedfilesorevenrecoveryofthesystemdumpfileprompt.)Ifthe/FILE3O- qualifierisomittedDFUwillassume 9* -. 9* -; 9* 9-.)d$O/IDENT=identifieroruicTO(Youcansearchforfilesownedbyaspecific identifieroruic.DOAnotherwayisthe /OWNER_UIC qualifier;youcannotCOcombinethese2 qualifierinoneUNDELETEcommand.e"O/LIST(=output-file-name)NO(Generatealistof recoverablefiles.+NoundeletewilltakePOplace,andthediskwillnotbelocked.+The defaultoutputisO SYS$OUTPUT.fO/MARKEDMO(Consideronlyfilesmarked-for-delete.(Suchfilesareusual-SOllystillopenbysomeutility,suchas INSTALLedfilesortheOsystemdumpfile.g (O/OWNER_UIC=uicor identifierZO(This qualifierisusedtoselectfilesbyauicor identifier.(You9Ocannotcombinethis qualifierwith/IDENT.hO /STATISTICSNO(This qualifierdisplaysthe performance statistics:(CPUtime,/OElapsedTime,I/Oand PageFaults.*iCBDjeO 13.2SPAWNBOThenewSPAWNcommandcreatesan interactivesub-MOprocess.+ThisallowsaquickescapetotheDCLlevelfromJOBan interactiveDFUsession.,The subprocesshasadefaultFOprompt DFU_sub$.)InSMGmodethekeyalsoper-FOformsaSPAWNcommand.+Youmustlogout explicitlyto(OLreturntotheDFUsession.DDCEkO 14.2VERIFYCOThischapter describestheVERIFYcommandwiththe/Orelated parametersand qualifiers.h  EDFl qO14.1C IntroductionJOUTheVERIFYcommandmakesananalysisofthedisk,scan-JOningforfileanddisk structureerrors.+VERIFYperformsKOalmostallofthechecksnormallydonebya ANALYZE/DISKAO^command.1ButVERIFYisseveraltimesfasterthan5O ANALYZE/DISK,andusingless resources.im??OVERIFYchecksandreportsthe followingerrors:n o `mFmChecksthelogical information containedinthedisksHOMEblock `E/EReportsfilesmarkedfordeletion `=Reports mismatchesintheindexfile'sbitmap `D!DChecksall backlinks. `.Reportsmultiple allocatedblocks `BDBReportsblocks incorrectlymarkedfreeand allocated `#Reportsalllostfiles `AEAChecksfor mismatchesbetweenblocksusedandblocksCchargedin QUOTA.SYS.(Onlydonewhen diskquotaisenabled)*o*p.llFEG!q&O14.2CBasicrepairactionsOOUThe/FIX qualifiercanbeusedtoperformsomebasicrepairFOactions.)UnlikeANALYZE/DISK/REPAIRthisdoesnotlock&VERIFY%mydisk,O"%DFU-I-VERIFY,% Verifying%MYDISK::Oi%DFU-S-CHKHOME,%Home%block%info&verified&OK3O%DFU-I-IFSCAN,%Scanning% INDEXF.SYS&...4O%DFU-I-CHKBITMAP,%Checking% BITMAP.SYS...8OA%DFU-I-CHKLOST,%Checking%for&lost%files...2O%DFU-I-CHKQUOTA,&Checking& QUOTA.SYS...-ODFU>&VERIFY/REBUILD& sys$sysdevice4O:%DFU-W-LOCKED,%Volume%now&write&locked3O%DFU=I-VERIFY,% Verifying%SYS$SYSDEVICE::O%DFU-S-CHKHOME,%Home%block%info&verified&OK[O%DFU-W-DELETED,%file% (620,351,1)%RSF_DI_RSF_SERVER0.TMP;3%marked&for%deleteUOZ%DFU-W-DELETED,%file% (6349,173,1)%DCLTABLES.EXE;937%marked&for%delete\O%DFU-W-DELETED,%file% (19745,35,1)%RSF_DI_RSF_SERVER0.TMP;3&marked%for%delete4O%DFU-I-CHKBITMAP,%Checking% BITMAP.SYS...bO2%DFU-E-ALLOCCLR,&blocks%LBN%2667141%through&2667143% incorrectly%marked& allocatedbOz%DFU-E-ALLOCCLR,&blocks%LBN%2667153%through&2667161% incorrectly%marked& allocated . .=OR%DFU-S-RBDBITMAP,% BITMAP.SYS& succesfully&rebuild8O%DFU-I-CHKLOST,%Checking%for&lost%files...*O%DFU-I-UNLOCK,%Volume%unlockedOKDFU>`}66OVERIFYcanreportthe followingerrors:K JL~ & suspectedbadblocks,k Severity:PkERROR Explanation:9Afilehas suspectedbadblocks.+ThisisF^likelytobecausedbyhardwareerrorsonthedisk. UserAction::Trytocopythefiletoanother location.'RAlsochecktheErrorLog.:O BADEXTLNK,linkto extensionheaderbroken,k Severity:PkERROR Explanation:9VERIFYtriestofollowthe extensionlinkS^ofthefileanditfailed,orthe extensionheaderisinvalid. UserAction:-TryANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR.However,MRthismaybean unrepairableerror,inwhichcasethefile/willbe corruptedand unreliable.t! JBO BADMFDLNK, directoryhasbacklinkto 000000.DIRon( RVNn, Severity:PERROR^ Explanation:=^A directoryhasabacklinktoaMasterfileM directoryotherthantheoneonRVN1.'Thisis incorrect,Kbuttheonlywaytorecoveristoreenterthe directory6hmanuallyintothe 000000.DIRonRVN1. UserAction:+DoaSET FILE/ENTERinto the>\ 000000.DIR directoryonRVN1, thendo a SET4 FILE/REMOVEfromthewrong 000000.DIR..O DELETED,filemarkedfordelete,k Severity:PkWARNING Explanation:5Afilewasfoundmarkedfor deletion.O^SuchfilesusuallyexistsasaresultoffilebeingdeletedOwhileitwasstill INSTALLed,orasaresultofasystemLcrash.+Itisnot consideredasanerror.+Youcantryto5hdeletesuchfilesbyusing VERIFY/FIX.S k)/O ERRHOME,HomeblockinfonotOK,k Severity:PkERROR Explanation:4TheInfo containedintheHomeBlock.^wasnot consistentor corrupted. UserAction:4RunANALYZE/DISK/REPAIRtotrytofixRtheerror.u ~K3O INVBAKFID,filehasinvalid backlink,k Severity:PkERROR Explanation:>Thefilesbacklinkfileidisnotfilledin.R^Thisislikelytobealostfile.'(NotethatonceVERIFYre-Nportsthiserror,itwillnotbereportedagainduringthePLOSTFILEcheck).'ButisalsopossiblethatthefileisinaUhvalid directory,butthattheBacklinkfileidisnotfilledin. UserAction:,RunANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR.IftheO\fileisinavalid directorythebacklinkwillbe repaired.K Otherwisethefilewillbemovedtothe [SYSLOST]direc-L tory.'Youcanalsouse VERIFY/FIXbutthenthefilewill4eunconditionallybemovedto [SYSLOST].w kM.O LOCKED,fileisdeaccesslocked,k Severity:PkWARNING Explanation:<Thefileisdeaccesslocked.(Thismaybea'^resultofasystemcrash. UserAction:9TrytounlockthefilewiththeDFUSET2Rcommand,ortheDCLUNLOCKcommand. =O LOSTHDR1,filefoundin nonexistent directory,k Severity:PkWARNING Explanation:<Duringthelostfilecheckafilewasdis-G^coveredina nonexistent directory.-ThiserrorcanbeJcausedasfollows:'seta directoryfileto NODIRECTORYanddeleteit. UserAction:7Run VERIFY/FIXtomovethefiletothe [SYSLOST] directory.! &AO LOSTHDR2,filefoundin directorywithbadback-( link, Severity:PWARNING^ Explanation:<^Duringthelostfilecheckafilewasdis-Jcoveredinavalid directory.)However,the directoryhasLaninvalid backlink.(Thiserrorcanbecausedbydoinga3hSET FILE/REMOVEofa directoryfile. UserAction:7Run VERIFY/FIXtomovethe directorytoF\the [SYSLOST] directory.)Thenmovethe directorybackQtothecorrect location.'Thefilesinthe directoryshouldbe  accesibleagain.uU9O LOSTHDR3,filefoundininvalid directory,k Severity:PkWARNING Explanation:<Duringthelostfilecheckafilewasdis-I^coveredina directorywhichisnotavalid directory.OEitherthefilehasawrong backlink,orthe directoryfile9hasthe directoryfile attributenotset. UserAction:6Lookupthe directoryanduseDFUSETPtosetthe directorybit.(Ifthe directoryfilewasOKthen8\run VERIFY/FIXtorecoverthelostfile.YLKM! 2O LOSTHDR4,notfoundina directory,k Severity:PkWARNING Explanation:/Whenthe/DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifierP^isused,DFUdetectsfileswhichhaveavalidbacklinkbutMwhicharenotseeninthe directory.(Thiscanberepairedwith/FIX. UserAction:9Using/FIXwillenterthesefilesinthecorrect directory.d :2O MULTALLOC,blocksmultiple allocated,k Severity:PkERROR Explanation:9Afilehasblocks allocatedwhichalreadyG^belongtoanotherfile.+NotethatVERIFYwillmakeaHsecondpassthrough INDEXF.SYStoreportallthefilesQ involved.(Thisisaseriouserror,andmaybearesultofaGhdiskbeingmountedontwo seperated VAXClusters(ora# partitioned VAXCluster).\ UserAction:3\CopyallthefilesfoundtoanotherC location.1Nextallthefilesmustbedeleted.2RunA VERIFY/REBUILDtorepairtheBITMAP.Alltheaf-Neflictedfilesmustbemanually inspectedtoseewhichfiles1arevalidandwhichare corrupted.km9O NOBITCLR,DeletedfileheadermarkedBUSY,k Severity:PkWARNING Explanation:9Afilewasdeleted.)The correspondingbitL^intheINDEXFbitmapshouldbeclearedbutisstillset.+Thisisnotaseriouserror.R UserAction:3RRunVERIFY/REBUILDtofixtheerror.kX8O NOBITSET,indexfilebitmapbitnotset,k Severity:PkWARNING Explanation:9Avalidfilewasfound,butthecorre-J^spondingindexfilebitmapbitisclear.-Thisisnotaseriouserror.R UserAction:3RRunVERIFY/REBUILDtofixtheerror.O %)O NOOWNER,filehasnoowner,k Severity:PkWARNING Explanation:8AfilewasfoundwithUIC[0,0]asthe6^owner.'Thisisnotanormal situation. UserAction:=Lookupthefileandmodifythefileowner.n /D=O QUOTAERR,UIC[x,y]hasnblocksused,QUOTA( indicatesmblocks, Severity:PWARNING^ Explanation:7^Ifadiskhas diskquotaenabled,VERIFYG calculatestheblocksusedandcomparesthemwiththeHvalueinthe QUOTA.SYSfile.(Anymismatchis reported.JhThiserrorisoftenseenwhenVERIFYisrun,andthereMis concurrentfileactivityonthedisk.-Also,ifafteraAsystemcrashthediskismountedwith /NOREBUILDCrsuchQuota mismatchesmayexist.(ReRunVERIFYwith;/LOCKtoseeiftheerrorisstillthere.e UserAction:/eRunVERIFY/REBUILDtorebuildthe=QUOTAfile.)Orruna DISKQUOTA>REBUILDcom-mand. 3O SLFBAKFID,backlinkpointstoitself,k Severity:PkWARNING Explanation:7Thiserror indicatesthatDFUhasfoundO^a directorywithabacklinkpointingtoitself.'ThisfeatureJisonlyallowedfortheMFD 000000.DIR.ThiserrorwillEresultin ANALYZE/DISKgoingintoa COMputableloop. UserAction:3Run VERIFY/FIXtomovethe directoryFtothe [SYSLOST] directory.)Thenremovethe directoryB\entryfromitselfwithaSET FILE/REMOVEcommand.GThefilesinthe directoryshouldbe accesibleagain.  M L:OVERIFY*d::OVERIFYadevicefordisk structureerrors.U+OFormatOsVERIFYN device[:]vLO ParametersOsdevice(OThedevicetobe verified.HO QualifiersOs/APPEND=filenamePOThis qualifier redirectstheoutputtobeappendedtoanal-XO$readyexistingfile.)IftheoutputfiledoesnotexistsitwillbeHO|created.'Youcanuse/APPENDor/OUTPUTbutnotboth. O/DIRECTORY_SCANOO(Performsafull directoryscan.(Thismaytakeupsometime,OObutitallows detectionof mismatchesbetweenthe directoriesOand INDEXF.SYS.KO/FIXO(/NOFIX (default)IORepairerrorsonthedisk.0FilemarkedfordeletewillNObedeletedandlostfilesand directorieswillbemovedtoO2 [SYSLOST].t JO/LOCKO(/NOLOCK (default)QOLocksthediskforfileallocation/deletion.)Thisgivesacon-QOsistentreportforthedisk,butotherusersmay experienceaPO2delaywhen accessingthedisk.'Thedevicewillbeunlockeda-OtheendoftheVERIFYcommand.XO/OUTPUT=filenameRO(This qualifier redirectstheoutputtoafile.*TheoutputwillFOalsogoto SYS$OUTPUT.CAUTION:ifyouuse/LOCKinIO combinationwith/OUTPUTbecarefulltospecifyanout-MO2putfileonANOTHERdisk,orDFUwillfinishwithasevereOerror.O/REBUILDO( /NOREBUILD (default)JOPerformavolumerebuild.,Usingthis qualifierwilltem-7Oporarilylockthediskforotherusers.O /STATISTICSNO(This qualifierdisplaysthe performance statistics:(CPUtime,/OElapsedTime,I/Oand PageFaults.* ~~  !!!!"""""""""""""""#$$$$$$$$$$$$%%%%%&&&&''''''''''''''''''''''())))))))****++,,--------------.//00000000011111111111111234445666678888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888889::;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<=>>>?????????@ABBBBBBBBBBBBCDEEEEEFFFGGGHHHHIJJKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMD#D#1. Introduction1. Introduction1. Introduction1.1 Support on DFU1.1 Support on DFU$1.2 Internal use only warning$1.2 Internal use only warning$1.2 Internal use only warning1.3 General description1.3 General description1.3 General description1.3 General description1.3 General description1.4 New features of V2.41.4 New features of V2.41.4 New features of V2.41.4 New features of V2.41.4 New features of V2.4&1.5 Restrictions and Parameters&1.5 Restrictions and Parameters&1.5 Restrictions and Parameters&1.5 Restrictions and Parameters&1.5 Restrictions and Parameters&1.5 Restrictions and Parameters&1.5 Restrictions and Parameters&1.5 Restrictions and Parameters2. Using DFU!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure!2.1 Installation procedure2.2 Security and access2.2 Security and access2.2 Security and access2.2 Security and access2.2 Security and access2.2 Security and access2.2 Security and access2.3 Running DFU2.3 Running DFU2.3 Running DFU2.3 Running DFU2.3 Running DFU2.3 Running DFU&2.4 Using an indirect file list&2.4 Using an indirect file list"3. The SMG output interface!3.1 Enabling/Disabling SMG83.2 Automatic switching between SMG and Line mode#3.3 Layout of the SMG screen#3.3 Layout of the SMG screen#3.3 Layout of the SMG screen#3.3 Layout of the SMG screen"3.4 Special Screen commands"3.4 Special Screen commands"3.4 Special Screen commands"3.4 Special Screen commands3.5 Side effects3.5 Side effects4. DFU basic$s4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics4. DFU basics5. DEFRAG5.1 Description5.1 Description5.1 Description5.1 Description5.1 Description5.1 Description5.1 Description5.1 Description5.2 Error messages5.2 Error messages5.2 Error messages DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG6. DELETE6.1 Introduction6.1 Introduction6.1 Introduction6.1 Introduction DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE DELETE7. DIRECTORY7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction7.1 Introduction.7.2 Discussion of directory compression.7.2 Discussion of directory compression.7.2 Discussion of directory compression.7.2 Discussion of directory compression.7.2 Discussion of directory compression7.3 Output formatting7.3 Output formatting7.3 Output formatting7.3 Output formattingDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORYDIRECTORY8. INDEXF8.1 Description8.1 Description8.1 Description8.1 Description8.1 Description8.1 Description8.1 Description8.1 Description(8.2 Example of a DEFRAG operation(8.2 Example of a DEFRAG operation(8.2 Example of a DEFRAG operation(8.2 Example of a DEFRAG operation8.3 Crash Recovery8.3 Crash Recovery8.4 Disclaimer8.4 Disclaimer INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF9. REPORT9.1 Description9.1 Description9.2 Syntax and Output9.2 Syntax and Output9.2 Syntax and Output9.2 Syntax and Output9.2 Syntax and Output9.2 Syntax and Output9.2 Syntax and Output9.2 Syntax and Output9.2 Syntax and Output REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT10. SEARCH10.1 Introduction10.2 Syntax and Output10.2 Syntax and Output10.2 Syntax and Output!10.3 Volume Set processing10.4 Output formatting10.4 Output formatting10.4 Output formatting10.4 Output formatting)10.5 UIC and identifier processing SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH11. SET11.1 Introduction11.1 Introduction)11.2 UIC and identifier processing SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET SET12. UNDELETE12.1 Introduction12.1 Introduction12.1 Introduction12.2 How Undelete works12.2 How Undelete works12.2 How Undelete works12.2 How Undelete works12.2 How Undelete works12.2 How Undelete works12.2 How Undelete works12.2 How Undelete works12.2 How Undelete works#12.3 Files marked for delete)12.4 UIC and identifier processingUNDELETEUNDELETEUNDELETEUNDELETEUNDELETEUNDELETEUNDELETEUNDELETEUNDELETEUNDELETEUNDELETEUNDELETE13. SPAWN14. VERIFY14.1 Introduction14.1 Introduction14.1 Introduction14.1 Introduction14.1 Introduction 14.2 Basic repair actions 14.2 Basic repair actions 14.2 Basic repair actions14.3 Directory scanning14.3 Directory scanning14.3 Directory scanning#14.4 Advanced repair actions#14.4 Advanced repair actions#14.4 Advanced repair actions#14.4 Advanced repair actions14.5 Interpreting errors14.6 Error reporting14.6 Error reporting5ALLOCCLR, blocks incorrectly marked allocated,0ALLOCSET, blocks incorrectly marked free,/BADBLOCK, file has suspected bad blocks,2BADEXTLNK, link to extension header broken,@BADMFDLNK, directory has backlink to 000000.DIR on RVN n,'DELETED, file marked for delete,'ERRHOME, Home block info not OK,,INVBAKFID, file has invalid backlink,'LOCKED, file is deaccess locked,5LOSTHDR1, file found in nonexistent directory,=LOSTHDR2, file found in directory with bad back- link,1LOSTHDR3, file found in invalid directory,*LOSTHDR4, not found in a directory,,MULTALLOC, blocks multiple allocated,1NOBITCLR, Deleted file header marked BUSY,/NOBITSET, index file bitmap bit not set,"NOOWNER, file has no owner,GQUOTAERR, UIC [x,y] has n blocks used, QUOTA indicates m blocks,,SLFBAKFID, backlink points to itself, VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY  ch1 hd1_0 hd1_a hd1_1 hd1_2 hd1_3$ ch2% hd2_13 hd2_2: hd2_3@ hd2_4B chnewChdsmg_1Dhdsmg_1aEhdsmg_2Ihdsmg_3Mhdsmg_4O ch3] ch4^ hd4_1f hd4_2idefragz ch6{ hd6_1delete ch7 hd7_1 hd7_2 hd7_3directory ch7ahd7a_1hd7a_2hd7a_3hd7a_4indexf ch8 hd8_1 hd8_2report ch9 hd9_1 hd9_2 hd9_3 hd9_4 hd9_5search. ch10/hd10_11hd10_22 setO ch11Phd11_1Shd11_2\hd11_3]hd11_4^undeletej ch12k ch13lhd13_1qhd13_2thd13_3whd13_4{hd13_5|hd13_6verify B-ADOBE-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-P-*-ISO8859-1@-ADOBE-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-180-*-*-P-*-ISO8859-1@-ADOBE-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-P-*-ISO8859-1B-ADOBE-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-100-*-*-P-*-ISO8859-1@-ADOBE-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-P-*-ISO8859-1O-ADOBE-New Century Schoolbook-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-P-*-ISO8859-1/-ADOBE-Symbol-*-R-*--*-140-*-*-P-*-*-*@-ADOBE-Courier-Medium-R-Normal--*-120-*-*-M-*-ISO8859-1B-ADOBE-Helvetica-Medium-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-P-*-ISO8859-1M -ADOBE-New Century Schoolbook-Bold-R-Normal--*-140-*-*-P-*-ISO8859-1U//~2&D#DlF  ep + ]%%0 5G89:;~=rADE RS X"Ybbh!f<opx ~hjt@Hx H N8 \*"N+|:j5^-X#z(,   l $ i>*"* 0[SYSHLP]DFU024.DECW$BOOKSHELFUYLs(|r00BOOK\dfu024\DFU I2.4 0[SYSHLP]DFU024.HTMLDCD@UZb\Ls(|r"C C00>  M ( 1 * ;  DFU I2.4  "

DFU I2.4






Abstract

7DFU Disk and File Utilities for OpenVMS VAX and Alpha 

(Revision Information: This manual supersedes V2.3 

Date: August 1996 

$Operating System: 2OpenVMS VAX V5.5-2 thru 7.1 , Alpha V6.1 thru 7.1 

Warning: Internal Use Only 




Copyright©1996




5

Contents

  


;

Chapter 1
Introduction



=The Disk and File Utilities (DFU) is a high perfomance tool Imeant as an aid to the system manager who is responsible for monitoring /and maintaining disks, files and directories. IIt makes use of low level I/O features of VMS. As a result a high level @of performance is reached with minimal overhead on the system. CDFU supports all types of disk sets which comply to the VMS ODS-2 standard ?such as volume sets, stripe sets , shadow sets and RAID sets, and combinations of these. 

EWARNING : DFU is NOT supported on SPIRALOG disks. Trying to use DFU Bon Spiralog disks will result in an error "%DFU-E_NOTF11, Device %does not have an ODS-2 filesystem". 

 6

1.1 Support on DFU



<Although there is no official support on DFU you may enter Gquestions/remarks/bug reports as a reply to conference NOTED::HACKERS ;note 1533.* . You can also mail directly to the author on 1UTRTSC::DORLAND or dorland@utrtsc.enet.dec.com. 

FPlease note that the next release of DFU (after V2.4) will no longer (be supported on VMS 5.5-2 and VMS 6.0.  A

1.2 Internal use only warning



AThis version of DFU may only be used on internal DIGITAL sites. FThere will be a compatible freeware version for DFU V2.4 released on the next Freeware CD (V3.0). :The compatibility between freeware and internal-use-only !versions of DFU is as follows : 

    5
  • V2.1 : compatible with V1.7 (Freeware CD 1.0) @
  • V2.2 : both internal-use-only (I2.2) and freeware (V2.2) (Freeware CD 2.0). %
  • V2.3 : only internal use only @
  • V2.4 : both internal-use-only (I2.4) and freeware (V2.4) (Freeware CD 3.0). 


=The INDEXF and DEFRAG/DISK functions of DFU may not be made *available to customers and are therefore Eremoved from all the freeware versions. Also documentation and help files are different.  ;

1.3 General description



@DFU provides the following functions (in alphabetical order) : 

    I
  • DEFRAG : This function allows simple defragmentation of a file or <files. Also a complete disk optimization can be performed. F
  • DELETE : This function allows either a delete by file-id, or a fast delete Hof a complete directory or directory tree with all its subdirectories. 1
  • DIRECTORY : This function has 6 options : 
      
    1. COMPRESS a directory )
    2. DUMP a directory block by block 5
    3. CREATE a directory with a preallocated size A
    4. Search all directories on the disk for files which have multiple versions C
    5. Search all directories on the disk for alias file entries B
    6. Search all directories on the disk for empty directories 
    B
  • INDEXF : This function can analyze, defragment ,extend and truncate INDEXF.SYS. H
  • REPORT : Generates a file and free space report for a disk. Also a Edisk space usage report, based on UIC/Identifier, can be generated, even *on a disk which has disk quota disabled. I
  • SEARCH : Look up files on a disk by specific file attributes (eg. +files sizes, dates, ownership, and so on) H
  • SET : This functions allows setting of file attributes which are %not available through DCL commands. 1
  • UNDELETE : A safe file recovery function. =
  • VERIFY : This function performs a fast disk structure verification 9and can optionally repair certain disk structure errors ((comparable with ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR).  

    DEach function is described in detail in the corresponding chapter. 

    HDFU is supported on OpenVMS VAX V5.5-2 through V7.1, and OpenVMS Alpha AV6.1 through V7.1. The freeware version V2.4 of DFU is released together Cwith the official release of VMS 7.1 on the new Freeware CD V3.0.  =

    1.4 New features of V2.4

    

    <This version of DFU offers some improved and new features, "as well as a couple of bugfixes. *The table below lists all new features : 

      E
    • SEARCH : Added /OVER_ALLOC to search for over allocated files B
    • The /OWNER and /IDENTIFIER qualifiers now accept all valid numeric )and alphanumeric UIC's and Identifiers. @
    • REPORT : several qualifiers added to control the output. =
    • REPORT : /USAGE may now also be used as /USAGE=uic to $report a single uic or identifier. A
    • VERIFY: the new /DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifier performs a full directory scan. EThis enables detection and repair of some cases of lost files which were G'missed' by previous versions of DFU. Also some directory corruptions ?are fixed. This command replaces teh DIRECTORY/CHECK command! @
    • /APPEND qualifier added. Can be used in stead of /OUTPUT .to append output to an existing output file. 
    

    -The following bugs and problems are fixed : 

      B
    • DIRECTORY/CHECK replaced by the better VERIFY/DIR command. E
    • UNDELETE and VERIFY/FIX did not always enter a recovered file Ewith the original version number. This has been fixed; the original >version number will now be entered or the next higher if the 'file already exists in the directory. G
    • If DFU was used in a batch job unwanted extra blank pages could be entered in the logfile. C
    • DELETE/DIR/KEEP did not work properly on a single directory '(it worked only when /TREE was used). E
    • SMG screen dissruption with broadcast messages. This is a SMG bug, =but a workaround has been used in DFU to avoid the problem. =
    • When processing corrupt directories DFU could ACCVIO. BInstead an error will now be given telling that the directory is $corrupted and cannot be processed. 
    

     C

    1.5 Restrictions and Parameters

    

    *The DFU program has a few restrictions : 

      A
    • DFU can not handle volume sets with more than 32 members. >
    • Due to changes in VMS run time libraries DFU.EXE files ?linked on a certain version may not run on lower VMS versions without relinking the image. :
    • The INDEXF /DEFRAG, /TRUNCATE and /EXTEND commands 5can only be performed on offline (dismounted) disks ;and thus cannot be executed on the system or quorum disk. 
    

    EThe following minimum process quotas are recommended for DFU usage: 

      
    • WSQUOTA : 1500 
    • WSEXTENT : 3000 
    • DIOLM : 40 
    • ASTLM : 40 
    • FILLM : 40 
    • BYTLM : 30000 
    • PGFLQUOTA : 30000 
    

    FIf you use DFU on volume sets with a large number of members you may 3need to increase the SYSGEN parameter CHANNELCNT. 

    FIf you use the directory command on very large directory files (> 1000 Dblocks) and run into errors you may need to increase the following parameters: 

      >
    • WSQUOTA at least 1000 + size-of-largest directory file *
    • WSEXTENT : WSQUOTA + at least 1000 2
    • CTLPAGES (SYSGEN parameter) : at least 100 4
    • WSMAX (SYSGEN parameter) : at least WSEXTENT 
    

    FDo not change parameters unless you run into errors such as EXCEEDED QUOTA %or INSUFFICIENT WORKING SET LIMITS.  


    8

    Chapter 2
    Using DFU

    

    EThis chapter describes the installation procedure and other actions !which must be taken to run DFU.  >

    2.1 Installation procedure

    

    =DFU can be installed with the VMSINSTAL utility. During the installation VMSINSTAL does the following: 

      6
    • Moves the documentation to SYS$HELP (Optional) 
    • Relinks DFU @
    • Creates the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier needed to perform the $write functions. (See chapter 2.2) =
    • Asks if you want a systemwide or private installation 
    

    1The DFU utility in fact contains just 2 files : 

      !
    1. DFU.EXE : the DFU program *
    2. DFUHLP.HLB : the on-line help file 
    

    FThe location of these files depend on wether a systemwide or private installation is performed. 

    =To install DFU log in into a privileged account and enter :

     $ @sys$update:vmsinstal    8  VAX/VMS Software Product Installation Procedure V6.2      It is 12-Aug-1996 at 13:46.    3  Enter a question mark (?) at any time for help.    B  * Are you satisfied with the backup of your system disk [YES]?    
    

    DVMSINSTAL now asks for the distribution media and product. You can Galso specify the directory where you have the DFU_INTERNAL_024.A file instead of a device name:

     =  * Where will the distribution volumes be mounted: [DDCU:]    N  Enter the products to be processed from the first distribution volume set.        * Products: DFU_INTERNAL_024  8  * Enter installation options you wish to use (none):    -  The following products will be processed:             DFU_INTERNAL_ 2.4    9  Beginning installation of DFU_INTERNAL_ 2.4  at 13:46    :  %VMSINSTAL-I-RESTORE, Restoring product save set A ...      Installing DFU version 2.4    
    

    C The next question will prompt you for the documentation files. D The DFU documentation is available in Line printer, PostScript , I Bookreader and HTML format. The documentation files will be copied to SYS$HELP.

     @  * Do you want the documentation in Lineprinter format ? [Y]?  8  %VMSINSTAL-I-DOCMOVED, DFU024.LINE moved to SYS$HELP    E  * Do you want the documentation in PostScript(TM) format ?   [N]?  ?  * Do you want the documentation in Bookreader format ? [N]?  9  * Do you want the documentation in HTML format ? [N]?    
    

    BVMSINSTAL now links the DFU image and adds the identifier to the Rightslist 6(see chapter 2.2 for the meaning of the identifier).

       Linking DFU image ...  )  %DFU-I-LINK, Linking DFU 2.4 image...     %DFU-S-DONE, DFU.EXE created    
    

    ENext VMSINSTAL will create the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier if necessary.

       D  %VMSINSTAL-I-ACCOUNT, This installation adds an identifier named      DFU_ALLPRIV.  G  %UAF-I-RDBADDMSG, identifier DFU_ALLPRIV value: %X80010008 added to      rights data base    
    

    @The next question is about the option to make DFU systemwide Davailable. If you enter YES to this question VMSINSTAL will do the following : 

      "
    • Move DFU.EXE to SYS$SYSTEM +
    • Move DFU$STARTUP.COM to SYS$STARTUP -
    • Move the DFU help library to SYS$HELP 
    

    CIf you enter NO VMSINSTAL prompts you for the personal directory. ?DFU.EXE and DFU help library will be moved to that directory.

     :  * Do you want DFU to be systemwide available ?  [N]? y      E  *****************************************************************  D  Please enter the following line in your SYSTARTUP_VMS procedure:     $ @SYS$STARTUP:DFU$STARTUP    C  Also, you must grant users the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier to enable  D  them to use DFU write functions . See the manual for information  D  about the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier, and the DFU$STARTUP procedure.    ?  ***********************************************************    <  %VMSINSTAL-I-MOVEFILES, Files will now be moved to their     target directories...    0  Installation of DFU V2.4  completed at 13:47    
    

    ;If you installed DFU system wide you may manually execute 9SYS$STARTUP:DFU$STARTUP.COM on any node in the cluster. >Executing DFU$STARTUP.COM adds DFU.EXE to the installed file Flist and thus improves performance. Next you must grant any DFU user Eincluding yourself the DFU_ALLPRIV identifiers if they must be able to use all DFU functions. 5See chapter 2.2 for the meaning of this identifier.  ;

    2.2 Security and access

    

    EDFU has some functions which must not be made available for general Dusage. Therefore DFU has a certain group of commands which require 3the user to be granted the DFU_ALLPRIV qualifier. ?The DFU_ALLPRIV identifier is created during the installation Dprocedure. To enable a user to perform these special functions the system 1manager must grant this identifier as follows :

     $ mc authorize  'UAF> grant/id DFU_ALLPRIV username  
    

    HIf the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier is not granted then the functions listed below cannot be performed : 

      
    1. DEFRAG 
    2. DELETE/FILE 9
    3. INDEXF/DEFRAG , INDEXF/TRUNCATE and INDEXF/EXTEND
    4. SPAWN 
    5. UNDELETE %
    6. VERIFY/FIX and VERIFY/REBUILD 
    

    5Note that this behaviour is different from previous ?versions of DFU. Some commands which required the DFU_ALLPRIV Eidentifier on previous DFU versions have been removed from the list above. BIt is highly recommended that the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier is only granted to a limited number of users. 

    4All DFU functions need SYSPRV or BYPASS privilege. HThe INDEXF/DEFRAG ,/EXTEND and /TRUNCATE functions also require VOLPRO privilege. 

    'IMPORTANT *** IMPORTANT *** IMPORTANT 

    APlease note that the DFU$STARTUP.COM procedure installs DFU.EXE Fwith BYPASS privilege. Because of the new SPAWN command you must not Bgrant non-privileged users the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier. Otherwise Fthey can get the BYPASS privilege simply by using the SPAWN command. 9Therefore even if you decide to install DFU system wide :you may decide not to use this procedure or modify it to =remove the BYPASS privilege ; this makes DFU available only "to users with enough privileges.  3

    2.3 Running DFU

    

    To run DFU you can enter :

     $ RUN disk:[mydir]DFU  
    

    &or (if DFU is installed systemwide):

     
    $ MC DFU  
    

    :You can also define and use a symbol for DFU as follows:

     $ DFU == "$disk:[dir]DFU"  $ DFU  
    

    DFU now prompts with :

     2    Disk and File Utilities for OpenVMS DFU I2.4      Internal Use Only!  6    Copyright (C) 1996 Dig>ital Equipment Corporation    	DFU>  
    

    7You can now enter DFU commands. HELP gives you online 5help. After each command DFU returns to the DFU> 8prompt. You can recall and edit commands, just as with 8DCL (20 commands will be stored in the recall buffer). "Use EXIT or CTRL/Z to leave DFU. 9If you use a symbol for DFU , you also process a single (command and return to DCL immediately:

     $DFU SEARCH disk/qualifiers  
    

    9During a DFU run , you can interrupt DFU with CTRL/C or &CTRL/Y. These interrupts are catched 2by DFU to allow a correct rundown of the current *command. It may therefore take some time 1before DFU responds to a CTRL/C or Y interrupt.  C

    2.4 Using an indirect file list

    

    >There are 3 commands, DIRECTORY, DEFRAG and SET which accept Dan indirect file as input parameter. This is achieved by using the I@ sign. An indirect file is a file containing a list of valid filenames D(each line in such a file must contain exactly one filename). Such indirect =files can be the output file of the DFU Search command eg.:

     $ DFU  1DFU> SEARCH mydisk/CHAR=DIRECTORY/OUTPUT=x.x  !DFU> DIRECTORY/COMPRESS @x.x  
    

     


    G

    Chapter 3
    The SMG output interface

    

    IAs of version V1.8 DFU uses SMG (Screen management routines) to perform ?output for an interactive DFU session. This chapter describes Ethe layout of the DFU screen, the special commands used only in the BSMG interface and other items with respect to the SMG interface.  >

    3.1 Enabling/Disabling SMG

    

    DDFU automatically selects SMG output if you run an interactive DFU :session on a terminal or workstation which supports SMG. HIn a batch job or a non-DEC terminal DFU will use normal line oriented @output. You can explicitly disable SMG by defining the logical DFU$NOSMG to any value.  U

    3.2 Automatic switching between SMG and Line mode

    EYou may prefer to perform interactive DFU sessions in SMG mode, and Dsingle DFU commands in normal line mode. This can be done by using %the command procedure listed below:

       1$! Procedure to switch beteen SMG and line mode  $ DFU = "$DFU"  $ if p1 .eqs. ""  $ then  $!Interactive seesion  "$ def/user sys$input sys$command  $ dfu  $ else  !$!Single command so disable SMG  $ def/user dfu$nosmg x  /$ dfu 'p1' 'p2' 'p3' 'p4' 'p5' 'p6' 'p7' 'p8'  	$ endif  $ exit  
    

     @

    3.3 Layout of the SMG screen

    

    2After starting DFU the screen looks as follows :

     U+-----------------------< DFU I2.4 (Internal-Use-Only) >--------------------+  O|                                                                           |  O|     Disk and File Utilities for OpenVMS DFU I2.4                          |  O|     Internal Use Only!                                                    |  O|     Copyright  1996 Digital Equipment Corporation                        |  O|                                                                           |  O|     DFU functions are :                                                   |  O|                                                                           |  O|     DEFRAGMENT : Defragment files or disks                                |  O|     DELETE     : Delete files by File-ID; delete directory (trees)        |  O|     DIRECTORY  : Manipulate directories                                   |  O|     INDEXF     : Modify /View INDEXF.SYS                                  |  O|     REPORT     : Generate a complete disk report                          |  O|     SEARCH     : Fast file search                                         |  O|     SET        : Modify file attributes                                   |  O|     UNDELETE   : Recover deleted files                                    |  O|     VERIFY     : Check and repair disk structure                          |  O|                                                                           |  O+----------------------------------Statistics-------------------------------+  O|                                                                           |  O|                                                                           |  O+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+  O DFU>                                                                       
    

    )This screen is divided into 3 sections: 

      G
    • Main Screen : the top part of the screen is used for the output from @DFU commands. Also broadcast messages are send to this window. H
    • Statistics : the lower part contains statistics from the current Acommand. During most of the commands this screen will contain a :progress indicator and a status for the current command. G
    • DFU prompt : the bottom line is used as the input command line. 
    

     ?

    3.4 Special Screen commands

    

    <In SMG mode the following keys perform special functions : 

      =
    • DO : invokes a subprocess (same as the SPAWN command) H
    • HELP or PF2 : invokes a special SMG window for the help command. #
    • CTRL/W : redraws the screen @
    • PF4 : creates a screen dump into the file DFU_SCREEN.TXT 5
    • PREV SCREEN : Scrolls back the output screen. 7
    • NEXT SCREEN : Scrolls forward the output screen 4
    • SELECT : Toggles between 80 and 132 columns. 
    

    EAlthough only some 20 lines are visible in the output (main) screen ADFU in fact remembers 500 output lines. You can scroll back and Aforward through these lines with the NEXT and PREV SCREEN keys. CAt the beginning of each new DFU command these lines are cleared. 

    HOn a workstation with DecWindows/Motif you can change the DecTerm size >to be more than the standard 24 lines. DFU's SMG screen will automatically .adjust to the screen size of such a DecTerm.  4

    3.5 Side effects

    

    EThere are a few side effects when using SMG mode. CTRL/C and CTRL/Y Eare catched but not echoed. Also all broadcast messages are trapped Dand will be displayed in the main screen at the end of the current IDFU command. Sometimes this may slightly disrupt the main screen, which &can be repaired with the CTRL/W key. 

    @Further, during the execution of a DFU command the cursor will disappear. DAfter the command finishes the cursor will reappear at the DFU> prompt.  


    9

    Chapter 4
    DFU basics

    

    BNote : this chapter is meant for first time users of DFU. If you already 5used DFU before you may probably skip this chapter. 

    GThis chapter gives a brief overview of the commands which can be used @with DFU, and how they can provide the system manager with the necessary information. 

    DOne of most common actions by a system manager is trying to locate specific Ffiles eg. files with a certain file size. Although a lot can be done with Bthe VMS DIRECTORY command this can be a time consuming process , especially if Ithe complete disk much be scanned. The SEARCH command of DFU is exactly meant Hfor this situation. It gives a very quick list of specific files, with Ftheir size, and if needed the number of file fragments. Some usefull SEARCH commands are :

     @DFU> SEARCH disk/SIZE=MINIMUM=1000 (files > 1000 blocks)  :DFU> SEARCH disk/IDENT=SYSTEM (files owned by SYSTEM)  LDFU> SEARCH disk/FRAGMENT=MINIMUM=10 (files with at least 10 fragments)  ?DFU> SEARCH disk/CHAR=MARKED (all files marked for delete)  QDFU> SEARCH disk/CREATED=SINCE=YESTERDAY (all files created since YESTERDAY)  
    

    BOf course these qualifiers can be combined to narrow the search. FAs the SEARCH command scans INDEXF.SYS , not directories, the output Hgenerated by SEARCH may look a bit random (but it is just the order in Cwhich the file headers are in the INDEXF.SYS file). To smooth the output use the /SORT qualifier. 

    IAnother important action for a system manager is to gather some overall Hdisk information , such as number of files , free space statistics and Dfragmentation information. The REPORT command will generate such a Hdisk report. To get individual disk space usage information the /USAGE Fqualifier can be used. This will work even if there is no disk quota enabled on the disk. 

    EAt regular intervals a system manager may need to check a disk with EANALYZE/DISK. The DFU VERIFY command provides more or less the same Bfunctionality but many times faster. The /FIX qualifier provides Hsome REPAIR options which (unlike ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR) do NOT lock the =disk, and thus do not interfere with other disk operations. CHowever, the disk can be rebuild completely by using the /REBUILD qualifier. 

    COccasionaly a user will delete the wrong file, leaving the system manager Gor operator with the tedious task of restoring the file from a backup set. HThe UNDELETE command may be able to recover the file if it has not yet Hbeen overwritten with a new one. Much care has been taken to make this Hcommand as safe as possible; therefore no disk corruptions will be the Hresult of an UNDELETE. If DFU encounters a problem with a deleted file it will refuse to UNDELETE it. 

    IAnother type of typical system manager problems deals with directories. CThe DFU command DIRECTORY can handle such problems. DIRECTORY can generate Ireports about empty directories (/EMPTY qualifier) or directories which >contains files with a certain number of versions (/VERSION=n qualifier). BAlso , directories may become internally fragmented. This can be quickly solved with the /COMPRESS qualifier. 

    HA second problem with directories is in deleting a directory with many files. BThis may take several hours using a DCL DELETE *.* command. This problem is solved @by using DFU's DELETE/DIRECTORY command which can delete large directories Gsome 10 times faster than the normal DELETE command does. Also, using EDELETE/DIR/TREE will delete a complete directory tree with just one command. 

    IThe disks INDEXF.SYS file can sometimes pose special problems. The file @system limits the number of fragments for this file. Once this Hlimit is reached any attempt to create new files may result in a fatal FSYSTEM-F-HEADERFULL error. The INDEXF/ANALYZE can analyze and report >the current state of INDEXF.SYS. If needed the INDEXF/DEFRAG @command can defragment INDEXF.SYS whereas INDEXF/EXTEND allows preextending Gthe INDEXF.SYS with a required number of file headers in just one new fragment. FNormally a complete BACKUP/RESTORE or a re-INIT of the disk would be necessary to perform these functions. 

    HThe last 2 commands deal with individual files. SET allows settings of Isome special file attributes. Since VMS V6.0 this functionality is also Fprovided by the DCL SET FILE/ATTRIBUTE command, but DFU's SET offers Gsome more options. The DEFRAG command is an interface to the MOVEFILE >function offered by VMS 5.5 and higher. This allows a simple defragmentation of individual files. 

    <You can even perform a complete disk optimization with the DEFRAG/DISK command. 

    GThe next chapters gives a detailed description of each individual DFU command. 

     


    5

    Chapter 5
    DEFRAG

    

    GThis chapter describes the DEFRAG command with the related parameters and qualifiers.  3

    5.1 Description

    

    GThe DEFRAG command can be used to defragment a single file or a group of Ifiles. You can also enter an indirect command file containing a list of Efiles. This feature allows you to create an output file with SEARCH %and use that as an input to DEFRAG. 

    8You can also use DEFRAG to quickly optimize a complete Fdisk with the DEFRAG/DISK command. The level of optimization is very good Balthough not as high as with Polycentre Disk and File Optimizer. However, GDEFRAG/DISK can usually perform the task in less than 30 minutes. The actual Gtime spend on optimizing a disk can of course be (much) longer if you Ihave a slow VAX, a slow disk, or if there is less than 2% free space on Dthe disk. In the latter case you may not gain very much by running DEFRAG/DISK. 

    .DFU performs disk optimization in 2 stages : 

      H
    1. File defragmentation : this stage looks for fragmented files and Fdefragments them if there is enough contiguous free space available. C
    2. Unfragment freespace : this stage moves contiguous files to another Ilocation on the disk in order to enlarge the size of the 'holes' on the disk. 
    

    CThe /OPTIMIZE qualifier can be used to direct DFU which stages to perform. +Default action is to perform both stages. 

    CThe /MAXSIZE qualifier can be used to limit the size of the files ?being moved. However, you may not get the optimal result from (DEFRAG/DISK if this qualifier is used. 

    EDEFRAG makes use of the file-primitive MOVEFILE function. Therefore >files which are open, or which are marked NOMOVE will not be DEFRAGmented. FStill you should be cautious about using DEFRAG. You should not make ,this function available for general usage. 

    HDEFRAG/DISK will process all members on a volume set, unless overruled with the /NOVOLSET qualifier.  6

    5.2 Error messages

    

    1The most common errors returned by DEFRAG are : 

      1
    • ACCONFLICT: File is open by another user ;
    • DEVICEFULL: Device has not enough contiguous free space to move the entire file 1
    • FILNOTACC: File has been set to NOMOVE. G
    • FILENUMCHK: You tried to move a reserved file (eg INDEXF.SYS). ;
    • RMS Errors: Almost always caused by an invalid or wrong file specifcation. 
    

     


    (

    DEFRAG

    

    3Defragment a file or a list of files on the disk. Optimize a complete disk. 
    
    

    Format

    1

    DEFRAG device: or file1,file2,@file...

    
    
    

    PARAMETERS

    

    device:

    >The device on which to perform a complete disk optimization. %(Only for the DEFRAG/DISK command). 

    file1,file2,@file...

    FThe file(s) to be defragmented. You can also use an indirect command Ffile (@file) which contains a list of files to be defragmented. This may be :an output file generated with the SEARCH/OUTPUT command. 
    
    

    QUALIFIERS

    

    /BESTTRY

    DNormally DEFRAG tries to create a contiguous file. If there is not enough Bcontiguous free space the operation will fail. With the /BESTTRY qualifier DDEFRAG tries t o move the file with the contiguous-best-try method. IThis means a maximum of 3 fragments. You should only use this qualifier Gwhen a normal DEFRAG fails. If a DEFRAG/BESTTRY also fails this is an Findication that the disks free space is too fragmented. Run a REPORT Fto see what the largest contiguous free space is, and check the free space fragmentation index. 

    /DEVICE

    GThe device on which the files reside. The device name is added to the Dfile name. If you generate a file list with the DFU SEARCH command Dyou don't need this qualifier anymore. However you may have a list Hof files produced from another source and thus need to append a device name to it. Example:

     6  DFU> SEARCH mydisk/...../frag=min=50/output=x.x    DFU> DEFRAG @x.x  
    

    /DISK

    HThe disk to be optimized. Both file and freespace optimization will be Hperformed unless overruled by the /OPTIMIZE qualifier. All files being moved Dwill be displayed; this can be disabled with the /NOLOG qualifier. #

    /LBN=logical-block-number

    IForces a single file to be moved to the specified logical block number. <Do not use this qualifier when processing a list of files. 

    /MAXSIZE=n

    >During DEFRAG/DISK do not move files larger than 'n' blocks. 

    /NOLOG

    IDo not display individual files as they are being moved. This qualifier can only be used with /DISK. 

    /NOVOLSET

    CThis qualifiers overrules the default behaviour of processing all 3members of a volume set during a DEFRAG/DISK run. 

    /OPTIMIZE=option

    =This qualifier has 2 possible options : /OPTIMIZE=FILES and E/OPTIMIZE=FREESPACE. This qualifier can only be used with /DISK and allows Asome control over the disk optimization process. Default action *is to optimize both files and freespace. 

    /STATISTICS

    GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. 

    /WRITECHECK

    <Perform a writecheck on the resultant file. The default is /NOWRITECHECK. CNote that a writecheck doubles the number of involved disk I/O's. 
     

    0


    Next page...  | ,Contents   0[SYSHLP]DFU024.LINE?L ?`Ls(|r00> 8 DFU I2.4 DFU I2.4 DFU I2.4? DFU Disk and File Utilities for OpenVMS VAX and Alpha Revision Information: Revision Information: Revision Information: This manual supersedes, V2.3c Date: Date: Date: August 1996 Operating System: Operating System: Operating System: OpenVMS VAX V5.5-2 thruA 7.1 , Alpha V6.1 thru 7.1r Warning: Warning: Warning: Internal Use Only   __________ Copyright 1996  A _______________________________________________________8 Contents Contents ContentsA _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1A _________________________________________________ 1.1 SUPPORT ON DFU 1-1 1.1 SUPPORT ON DFU 1-1 1.1 SUPPORT ON DFU 1-1A _________________________________________________ 1.2 INTERNAL USE ONLY WARNING 1-2 1.2 INTERNAL USE ONLY WARNING 1-2 1.2 INTERNAL USE ONLY WARNING 1-2A _________________________________________________ 1.3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1-2 1.3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1-2 1.3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1-2A _________________________________________________ 1.4 NEW FEATURES OF V2.4 1-4 1.4 NEW FEATURES OF V2.4 1-4 1.4 NEW FEATURES OF V2.4 1-4A _________________________________________________ 1.5 RESTRICTIONS AND PARAMETERS 1-5 1.5 RESTRICTIONS AND PARAMETERS 1-5 1.5 RESTRICTIONS AND PARAMETERS 1-5A _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 2 USING DFU 2-1 CHAPTER 2 USING DFU 2-1 CHAPTER 2 USING DFU 2-1A _________________________________________________ 2.1 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2-1 2.1 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2-1 2.1 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 2-1A _________________________________________________ 2.2 SECURITY AND ACCESS 2-4 2.2 SECURITY AND ACCESS 2-4 2.2 SECURITY AND ACCESS 2-4A _________________________________________________ 2.3 RUNNING DFU 2-5 2.3 RUNNING DFU 2-5 2.3 RUNNING DFU 2-5A _________________________________________________ 2.4 USING AN INDIRECT FILE LIST 2-6 2.4 USING AN INDIRECT FILE LIST 2-6 2.4 USING AN INDIRECT FILE LIST 2-6 iii iii iii  8 Contents Contents ContentsA _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 3 THE SMG OUTPUT INTERFACE 3-1 CHAPTER 3 THE SMG OUTPUT INTERFACE 3-1 CHAPTER 3 THE SMG OUTPUT INTERFACE 3-1A _________________________________________________ 3.1 ENABLING/DISABLING SMG 3-1 3.1 ENABLING/DISABLING SMG 3-1 3.1 ENABLING/DISABLING SMG 3-1A _________________________________________________ 3.2 AUTOMATIC SWITCHING BETWEEN SMG AND 3.2 AUTOMATIC SWITCHING BETWEEN SMG AND 3.2 AUTOMATIC SWITCHING BETWEEN SMG AND LINE MODE 3-1 LINE MODE 3-1 LINE MODE 3-1A _________________________________________________ 3.3 LAYOUT OF THE SMG SCREEN 3-2 3.3 LAYOUT OF THE SMG SCREEN 3-2 3.3 LAYOUT OF THE SMG SCREEN 3-2A _________________________________________________ 3.4 SPECIAL SCREEN COMMANDS 3-3 3.4 SPECIAL SCREEN COMMANDS 3-3 3.4 SPECIAL SCREEN COMMANDS 3-3A _________________________________________________ 3.5 SIDE EFFECTS 3-4 3.5 SIDE EFFECTS 3-4 3.5 SIDE EFFECTS 3-4A _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 4 DFU BASICS 4-1 CHAPTER 4 DFU BASICS 4-1 CHAPTER 4 DFU BASICS 4-1A _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 5 DEFRAG 5-1 CHAPTER 5 DEFRAG 5-1 CHAPTER 5 DEFRAG 5-1A _________________________________________________ 5.1 DESCRIPTION 5-1 5.1 DESCRIPTION 5-1 5.1 DESCRIPTION 5-1A _________________________________________________ 5.2 ERROR MESSAGES 5-2 5.2 ERROR MESSAGES 5-2 5.2 ERROR MESSAGES 5-2 DEFRAG 5-3 DEFRAG 5-3 DEFRAG 5-3& iv iv iv  Contents Contents ContentsA _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 6 DELETE 6-1 CHAPTER 6 DELETE 6-1 CHAPTER 6 DELETE 6-1A _________________________________________________ 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6-1 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6-1 6.1 INTRODUCTION 6-1 DELETE 6-2 DELETE 6-2 DELETE 6-2A _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 7 DIRECTORY 7-1 CHAPTER 7 DIRECTORY 7-1 CHAPTER 7 DIRECTORY 7-1A _________________________________________________ 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7-1 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7-1 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7-1A _________________________________________________ 7.2 DISCUSSION OF DIRECTORY COMPRESSION 7-3 7.2 DISCUSSION OF DIRECTORY COMPRESSION 7-3 7.2 DISCUSSION OF DIRECTORY COMPRESSION 7-3A _________________________________________________ 7.3 OUTPUT FORMATTING 7-4 7.3 OUTPUT FORMATTING 7-4 7.3 OUTPUT FORMATTING 7-4 DIRECTORY 7-5 DIRECTORY 7-5 DIRECTORY 7-5A _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 8 INDEXF 8-1 CHAPTER 8 INDEXF 8-1 CHAPTER 8 INDEXF 8-1A _________________________________________________ 8.1 DESCRIPTION 8-1 8.1 DESCRIPTION 8-1 8.1 DESCRIPTION 8-1A _________________________________________________ 8.2 EXAMPLE OF A DEFRAG OPERATION 8-3 8.2 EXAMPLE OF A DEFRAG OPERATION 8-3 8.2 EXAMPLE OF A DEFRAG OPERATION 8-3A _________________________________________________ 8.3 CRASH RECOVERY 8-5 8.3 CRASH RECOVERY 8-5 8.3 CRASH RECOVERY 8-5A _________________________________________________ 8.4 DISCLAIMER 8-5 8.4 DISCLAIMER 8-5 8.4 DISCLAIMER 8-5 INDEXF 8-6 INDEXF 8-6 INDEXF 8-6 v v v  8 Contents Contents ContentsA _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 9 REPORT 9-1 CHAPTER 9 REPORT 9-1 CHAPTER 9 REPORT 9-1A _________________________________________________ 9.1 DESCRIPTION 9-1 9.1 DESCRIPTION 9-1 9.1 DESCRIPTION 9-1A _________________________________________________ 9.2 SYNTAX AND OUTPUT 9-1 9.2 SYNTAX AND OUTPUT 9-1 9.2 SYNTAX AND OUTPUT 9-1 REPORT 9-5 REPORT 9-5 REPORT 9-5A _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 10 SEARCH 10-1 CHAPTER 10 SEARCH 10-1 CHAPTER 10 SEARCH 10-1A _________________________________________________ 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10-1 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10-1 10.1 INTRODUCTION 10-1A _________________________________________________ 10.2 SYNTAX AND OUTPUT 10-1 10.2 SYNTAX AND OUTPUT 10-1 10.2 SYNTAX AND OUTPUT 10-1A _________________________________________________ 10.3 VOLUME SET PROCESSING 10-2 10.3 VOLUME SET PROCESSING 10-2 10.3 VOLUME SET PROCESSING 10-2A _________________________________________________ 10.4 OUTPUT FORMATTING 10-2 10.4 OUTPUT FORMATTING 10-2 10.4 OUTPUT FORMATTING 10-2A _________________________________________________ 10.5 UIC AND IDENTIFIER PROCESSING 10-2 10.5 UIC AND IDENTIFIER PROCESSING 10-2 10.5 UIC AND IDENTIFIER PROCESSING 10-2 SEARCH 10-3 SEARCH 10-3 SEARCH 10-3A _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 11 SET 11-1 CHAPTER 11 SET 11-1 CHAPTER 11 SET 11-1A _________________________________________________ 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11-1 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11-1 11.1 INTRODUCTION 11-1A _________________________________________________ 11.2 UIC AND IDENTIFIER PROCESSING 11-1 11.2 UIC AND IDENTIFIER PROCESSING 11-1 11.2 UIC AND IDENTIFIER PROCESSING 11-1 SET 11-1 SET 11-1 SET 11-1& vi vi vi  Contents Contents ContentsA _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 12 UNDELETE 12-1 CHAPTER 12 UNDELETE 12-1 CHAPTER 12 UNDELETE 12-1A __________________________>_______________________ 12.1 INTRODUCTION 12-1 12.1 INTRODUCTION 12-1 12.1 INTRODUCTION 12-1A _________________________________________________ 12.2 HOW UNDELETE WORKS 12-2 12.2 HOW UNDELETE WORKS 12-2 12.2 HOW UNDELETE WORKS 12-2A _________________________________________________ 12.3 FILES MARKED FOR DELETE 12-4 12.3 FILES MARKED FOR DELETE 12-4 12.3 FILES MARKED FOR DELETE 12-4 A _________________________________________________s 12.4 UIC AND IDENTIFIER PROCESSING 12-4 12.4 UIC AND IDENTIFIER PROCESSING 12-4 12.4 UIC AND IDENTIFIER PROCESSING 12-4 UNDELETE 12-5 UNDELETE 12-5 UNDELETE 12-5A _______________________________________________________ CHAPTER 13 SPAWN 13-1 CHAPTER 13 SPAWN 13-1 CHAPTER 13 SPAWN 13-1 A ________________________________________________________ CHAPTER 14 VERIFY 14-1 CHAPTER 14 VERIFY 14-1 CHAPTER 14 VERIFY 14-1 A _________________________________________________ 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14-1 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14-1 14.1 INTRODUCTION 14-1 A _________________________________________________ 14.2 BASIC REPAIR ACTIONS 14-2 14.2 BASIC REPAIR ACTIONS 14-2 14.2 BASIC REPAIR ACTIONS 14-2 A _________________________________________________N 14.3 DIRECTORY SCANNING 14-2 14.3 DIRECTORY SCANNING 14-2 14.3 DIRECTORY SCANNING 14-2OA _________________________________________________ 14.4 ADVANCED REPAIR ACTIONS 14-3 14.4 ADVANCED REPAIR ACTIONS 14-3 14.4 ADVANCED REPAIR ACTIONS 14-32A _________________________________________________ 14.5 INTERPRETING ERRORS 14-3 14.5 INTERPRETING ERRORS 14-3 14.5 INTERPRETING ERRORS 14-3P vii vii vii_ _ _8 Contents Contents ContentsA _________________________________________________ 14.6 ERROR REPORTING 14-4 14.6 ERROR REPORTING 14-4 14.6 ERROR REPORTING 14-4 VERIFY 14-10 VERIFY 14-10 VERIFY 14-10, viii viii viii  A _______________________________________________________CD 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 1 Introduction@ The Disk and File Utilities (DFU) is a high perfomance; tool meant as an aid to the system manager who is ; responsible for monitoring and maintaining disks, : files and directories. It makes use of low level: I/O features of VMS. As a result a high level of= performance is reached with minimal overhead on the ; system. DFU supports all types of disk sets which 9 comply to the VMS ODS-2 standard such as volume< sets, stripe sets , shadow sets and RAID sets, and combinations of these.; WARNING : DFU is NOT supported on SPIRALOG disks. ? Trying to use DFU on Spiralog disks will result in an = error "%DFU-E_NOTF11, Device does not have an ODS-2  filesystem".L __________________________________________________________________J 1.1 Support on DFU 1.1 Support on DFU 1.1 Support on DFU> Although there is no official support on DFU you may; enter questions/remarks/bug reports as a reply to_> conference NOTED::HACKERS note 1533.* . You can also; mail directly to the author on UTRTSC::DORLAND orI& dorland@utrtsc.enet.dec.com.? Please note that the next release of DFU (after V2.4) ? will no longer be supported on VMS 5.5-2 and VMS 6.0. 1-1 1-1 1-1   D Introduction Introduction IntroductionL __________________________________________________________________k 1.2 Internal use only warning 1.2 Internal use only warning 1.2 Internal use only warning : This version of DFU may only be used on internal< DIGITAL sites. There will be a compatible freeware< version for DFU V2.4 released on the next Freeware; CD (V3.0). The compatibility between freeware and ; internal-use-only versions of DFU is as follows :C: o V2.1 : compatible with V1.7 (Freeware CD 1.0)> o V2.2 : both internal-use-only (I2.2) and freeware& (V2.2) (Freeware CD 2.0).* o V2.3 : only internal use only> o V2.4 : both internal-use-only (I2.4) and freeware& (V2.4) (Freeware CD 3.0).@ The INDEXF and DEFRAG/DISK functions of DFU may not be? made available to customers and are therefore removed @ from all the freeware versions. Also documentation and# help files are different. L __________________________________________________________________Y 1.3 General description 1.3 General description 1.3 General description ? DFU provides the following functions (in alphabeticalH order) :A o DEFRAG : This function allows simple defragmentation 5 of a file or files. Also a complete disk_+ optimization can be performed.= o DELETE : This function allows either a delete by A file-id, or a fast delete of a complete directory or 8 directory tree with all its subdirectories.6 o DIRECTORY : This function has 6 options :# 1 COMPRESS a directory . 2 DUMP a directory block by block: 3 CREATE a directory with a preallocated size) 1-2 1-2 1-2   Introduction Introduction Introduction; 4 Search all directories on the disk for files + which have multiple versionst@ 5 Search all directories on the disk for alias file entries; 6 Search all directories on the disk for empty  directories; o INDEXF : This function can analyze, defragment - ,extend and truncate INDEXF.SYS.E@ o REPORT : Generates a file and free space report for= a disk. Also a disk space usage report, based on = UIC/Identifier, can be generated, even on a disk + which has disk quota disabled. > o SEARCH : Look up files on a disk by specific file? attributes (eg. files sizes, dates, ownership, and  so on) 8 o SET : This functions allows setting of file; attributes which are not available through DCL  commands.6 o UNDELETE : A safe file recovery function.8 o VERIFY : This function performs a fast disk= structure verification and can optionally repair ; certain disk structure errors (comparable withE" ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR).5 Each function is described in detail in the_ corresponding chapter.> DFU is supported on OpenVMS VAX V5.5-2 through V7.1,; and OpenVMS Alpha V6.1 through V7.1. The freeware ; version V2.4 of DFU is released together with the-< official release of VMS 7.1 on the new Freeware CD V3.0. 1-3 1-3 1-3   D Introduction Introduction IntroductionL __________________________________________________________________\ 1.4 New features of V2.4 1.4 New features of V2.4 1.4 New features of V2.4: This version of DFU offers some improved and new> features, as well as a couple of bugfixes. The table( below lists all new features :: o SEARCH : Added /OVER_ALLOC to search for over allocated files= o The /OWNER and /IDENTIFIER qualifiers now acceptH9 all valid numeric and alphanumeric UIC's and  Identifiers. = o REPORT : several qualifiers added to control the_ output.? o REPORT : /USAGE may now also be used as /USAGE=uic 2 to report a single uic or identifier.? o VERIFY: the new /DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifier performs > a full directory scan. This enables detection and: repair of some cases of lost files which were< 'missed' by previous versions of DFU. Also some: directory corruptions are fixed. This command2 replaces teh DIRECTORY/CHECK command!= o /APPEND qualifier added. Can be used in stead of_A /OUTPUT to append output to an existing output file.-5 The following bugs and problems are fixed : > o DIRECTORY/CHECK replaced by the better VERIFY/DIR command. ; o UNDELETE and VERIFY/FIX did not always enter a = recovered file with the original version number. = This has been fixed; the original version number ? will now be entered or the next higher if the file- already exists in the directory. @ o If DFU was used in a batch job unwanted extra blank3 pages could be entered in the logfile. > o DELETE/DIR/KEEP did not work properly on a single< directory (it worked only when /TREE was used).) 1-4 1-4 1-4   Introduction Introduction IntroductionPA o SMG screen dissruption with broadcast messages. This @ is a SMG bug, but a workaround has been used in DFU" to avoid the problem.: o When processing corrupt directories DFU could? ACCVIO. Instead an error will now be given telling : that the directory is corrupted and cannot be processed. L __________________________________________________________________q 1.5 Restrictions and Parameters 1.5 Restrictions and Parameters 1.5 Restrictions and Parameters 2 The DFU program has a few restrictions := o DFU can not handle volume sets with more than 32- members.O= o Due to changes in VMS run time libraries DFU.EXE = files linked on a certain version may not run on < lower VMS versions without relinking the image.? o The INDEXF /DEFRAG, /TRUNCATE and /EXTEND commands @ can only be performed on offline (dismounted) disks@ and thus cannot be executed on the system or quorum disk.> The following minimum process quotas are recommended for DFU usage: o WSQUOTA : 1500  o WSEXTENT : 3000 o DIOLM : 40C o ASTLM : 40  o FILLM : 401 o BYTLM : 30000 o PGFLQUOTA : 30000 1-5 1-5 1-5  2 YD Introduction Introduction Introduction> If you use DFU on volume sets with a large number of? members you may need to increase the SYSGEN parameterP CHANNELCNT. 8 If you use the directory command on very large= directory files (> 1000 blocks) and run into errors_< you may need to increase the following parameters:> o WSQUOTA at least 1000 + size-of-largest directory file / o WSEXTENT : WSQUOTA + at least 1000 7 o CTLPAGES (SYSGEN parameter) : at least 100_9 o WSMAX (SYSGEN parameter) : at least WSEXTENT = Do not change parameters unless you run into errors < such as EXCEEDED QUOTA or INSUFFICIENT WORKING SET LIMITS.E) 1-6 1-6 1-6   A _______________________________________________________ ; 2 Using DFU 2 Using DFU 2 Using DFU_? This chapter describes the installation procedure and 7 other actions which must be taken to run DFU. L __________________________________________________________________b 2.1 Installation procedure 2.1 Installation procedure 2.1 Installation procedure: DFU can be installed with the VMSINSTAL utility.? During the installation VMSINSTAL does the following: ; o Moves the documentation to SYS$HELP (Optional) o Relinks DFUA o Creates the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier needed to perform 3 the write functions. (See chapter 2.2)15 o Asks if you want a systemwide or private  installationI9 The DFU utility in fact contains just 2 files : & 1 DFU.EXE : the DFU program/ 2 DFUHLP.HLB : the on-line help file 8 The location of these files depend on wether a: systemwide or private installation is perfor>med.= To install DFU log in into a privileged account and  enter : 2 $ @sys$update:vmsinstalQ VAX/VMS Software Product Installation Procedure V6.2_8 It is 12-Aug-1996 at 13:46.L Enter a question mark (?) at any time for help.[ * Are you satisfied with the backup of your system disk [YES]? 2-1 2-1 2-1-  ; Using DFU Using DFU Using DFU ; VMSINSTAL now asks for the distribution media and ? product. You can also specify the directory where you > have the DFU_INTERNAL_024.A file instead of a device name: V * Where will the distribution volumes be mounted: [DDCU:]g Enter the products to be processed from the first distribution volume set. 9 * Products: DFU_INTERNAL_024 Q * Enter installation options you wish to use (none):_F The following products will be processed:5 DFU_INTERNAL_ 2.4IR Beginning installation of DFU_INTERNAL_ 2.4 at 13:46S %VMSINSTAL-I-RESTORE, Restoring product save set A ... 7 Installing DFU version 2.4 3 The next question will prompt you for the7 documentation files. The DFU documentation is_@ available in Line printer, PostScript , Bookreader and@ HTML format. The documentation files will be copied to SYS$HELP. Y * Do you want the documentation in Lineprinter format ? [Y]?_Q %VMSINSTAL-I-DOCMOVED, DFU024.LINE moved to SYS$HELP ^ * Do you want the documentation in PostScript(TM) format ? [N]?X * Do you want the documentation in Bookreader format ? [N]?R * Do you want the documentation in HTML format ? [N]?8 VMSINSTAL now links the DFU image and adds the? identifier to the Rightslist (see chapter 2.2 for the % meaning of the identifier). 2 Linking DFU image ...B %DFU-I-LINK, Linking DFU 2.4 image...9 %DFU-S-DONE, DFU.EXE created1) 2-2 2-2 2-2S  Using DFU Using DFU Using DFU ? Next VMSINSTAL will create the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier  if necessary. ] %VMSINSTAL-I-ACCOUNT, This installation adds an identifier named + DFU_ALLPRIV.A` %UAF-I-RDBADDMSG, identifier DFU_ALLPRIV value: %X80010008 added to/ rights data base_; The next question is about the option to make DFUG8 systemwide available. If you enter YES to this4 question VMSINSTAL will do the following :' o Move DFU.EXE to SYS$SYSTEM 0 o Move DFU$STARTUP.COM to SYS$STARTUP2 o Move the DFU help library to SYS$HELP@ If you enter NO VMSINSTAL prompts you for the personal? directory. DFU.EXE and DFU help library will be movedt to that directory.S * Do you want DFU to be systemwide available ? [N]? y_^ *****************************************************************] Please enter the following line in your SYSTARTUP_VMS procedure: 8 $ @SYS$STARTUP:DFU$STARTUP\ Also, you must grant users the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier to enable] them to use DFU write functions . See the manual for information] about the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier, and the DFU$STARTUP procedure._X ***********************************************************U %VMSINSTAL-I-MOVEFILES, Files will now be moved to theirh3 target directories... I Installation of DFU V2.4 completed at 13:47d; If you installed DFU system wide you may manuallyv< execute SYS$STARTUP:DFU$STARTUP.COM on any node in@ the cluster. Executing DFU$STARTUP.COM adds DFU.EXE to@ the installed file list and thus improves performance.= Next you must grant any DFU user including yourself = the DFU_ALLPRIV identifiers if they must be able to 2-3 2-3 2-3  e ; Using DFU Using DFU Using DFU_@ use all DFU functions. See chapter 2.2 for the meaning of this identifier. L __________________________________________________________________Y 2.2 Security and access 2.2 Security and access 2.2 Security and access:7 DFU has some functions which must not be made : available for general usage. Therefore DFU has a: certain group of commands which require the user; to be granted the DFU_ALLPRIV qualifier. The DFU_e? ALLPRIV identifier is created during the installation 6 procedure. To enable a user to perform these> special functions the system manager must grant this! identifier as follows : ) $ mc authorized= UAF> grant/id DFU_ALLPRIV username ? If the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier is not granted then the_6 functions listed below cannot be performed : 1 DEFRAGn 2 DELETE/FILE> 3 INDEXF/DEFRAG , INDEXF/TRUNCATE and INDEXF/EXTEND 4 SPAWN 5 UNDELETEa* 6 VERIFY/FIX and VERIFY/REBUILD= Note that this behaviour is different from previousm@ versions of DFU. Some commands which required the DFU_? ALLPRIV identifier on previous DFU versions have beent? removed from the list above. It is highly recommended-> that the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier is only granted to a" limited number of users.@ All DFU functions need SYSPRV or BYPASS privilege. The= INDEXF/DEFRAG ,/EXTEND and /TRUNCATE functions alsoh# require VOLPRO privilege. / IMPORTANT *** IMPORTANT *** IMPORTANTr) 2-4 2-4 2-4a t f Using DFU Using DFU Using DFUe8 Please note that the DFU$STARTUP.COM procedure9 installs DFU.EXE with BYPASS privilege. Because : of the new SPAWN command you must not grant non-@ privileged users the DFU_ALLPRIV identifier. Otherwise; they can get the BYPASS privilege simply by using < the SPAWN command. Therefore even if you decide to@ install DFU system wide you may decide not to use this? procedure or modify it to remove the BYPASS privilege > ; this makes DFU available only to users with enough privileges. L __________________________________________________________________A 2.3 Running DFU 2.3 Running DFU 2.3 Running DFU $ To run DFU you can enter :0 $ RUN disk:[mydir]DFU. or (if DFU is installed systemwide):# $ MC DFU 9 You can also define and use a symbol for DFU as  follows:4 $ DFU == "$disk:[dir]DFU" $ DFU DFU now prompts with :K Disk and File Utilities for OpenVMS DFU I2.4e1 Internal Use Only!sO Copyright (C) 1996 Digital Equipment Corporationx DFU> ? You can now enter DFU commands. HELP gives you online : help. After each command DFU returns to the DFU>@ prompt. You can recall and edit commands, just as with@ DCL (20 commands will be stored in the recall buffer).> Use EXIT or CTRL/Z to leave DFU. If you use a symbol@ for DFU , you also process a single command and return to DCL immediately:c6 $DFU SEARCH disk/qualifiers 2-5 2-5 2-5r c o; Using DFU Using DFU Using DFU > During a DFU run , you can interrupt DFU with CTRL/C; or CTRL/Y. These interrupts are catched by DFU tos< allow a correct rundown of the current command. It? may therefore take some time before DFU responds to a. CTRL/C or Y interrupt.L __________________________________________________________________q 2.4 Using an indirect file list 2.4 Using an indirect file list 2.4 Using an indirect file list ? There are 3 commands, DIRECTORY, DEFRAG and SET which = accept an indirect file as input parameter. This is = achieved by using the @ sign. An indirect file is a > file containing a list of valid filenames (each line< in such a file must contain exactly one filename).? Such indirect files can be the output file of the DFU  Search command eg.:o $ DFUG DFU> SEARCH mydisk/CHAR=DIRECTORY/OUTPUT=x.x 7 DFU> DIRECTORY/COMPRESS @x.xd) 2-6 2-6 2-6T / EA _______________________________________________________uh 3 The SMG output interface 3 The SMG output interface 3 The SMG output interface< As of version V1.8 DFU uses SMG (Screen management< routines) to perform output for an interactive DFU; session. This chapter describes the layout of theN; DFU screen, the special commands used only in thes? SMG interface and other items with respect to the SMG  interface.L __________________________________________________________________b 3.1 Enabling/Disabling SMG 3.1 Enabling/Disabling SMG 3.1 Enabling/Disabling SMG< DFU automatically selects SMG output if you run an> interactive DFU session on a terminal or workstation9 which supports SMG. In a batch job or a non-DEC < terminal DFU will use normal line oriented output.@ You can explicitly disable SMG by defining the logical! DFU$NOSMG to any value.vL __________________________________________________________________ 3.2 Automatic switching between SMG and Line mode 3.2 Automatic switching between SMG and Line mode 3.2 Automatic switching between SMG and Line modes? You may prefer to perform interactive DFU sessions in @ SMG mode, and single DFU commands in normal line mode.@ This can be done by using the command procedure listed below: 3-1 3-1 3-1   h The SMG output interface The SMG output interface The SMG output interfaceJ $! Procedure to switch beteen SMG and line mode) $ DFU = "$DFU"r+ $ if p1 .eqs. "" ! $ thenl0 $!Interactive seesion; $ def/user sys$input sys$command $ dfu! $ else_: $!Single command so disable SMG1 $ def/user dfu$nosmg xdH $ dfu 'p1' 'p2' 'p3' 'p4' 'p5' 'p6' 'p7' 'p8'" $ endif! $ exit L __________________________________________________________________h 3.3 Layout of the SMG screen 3.3 Layout of the SMG screen 3.3 Layout of the SMG screen: After starting DFU the screen looks as follows :h +-----------------------< DFU I2.4 (Internal-Use-Only) >--------------------+h | |h | Disk and File Utilities for OpenVMS DFU I2.4 |h | Internal Use Only! |h | Copyright 1996 Digital Equipment Corporation |h | |h | DFU functions are : |h | |h | DEFRAGMENT : Defragment files or disks |h | DELETE : Delete files by File-ID; delete directory (trees) |h | DIRECTORY : Manipulate directories |h | INDEXF : Modify /View INDEXF.SYS |h | REPORT : Generate a complete disk report |h | SEARCH : Fast file search |h | SET : Modify file attributes |h | UNDELETE : Recover deleted files |h | VERIFY : Check and repair disk structure |h | |h +----------------------------------Statistics-------------------------------+h | |) 3-2 3-2 3-2  I A The SMG output interface > The SMG output interface The SMG output interfacewh | |h +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ DFU>1 This screen is divided into 3 sections:s= o Main Screen : the top part of the screen is usedl= for the output from DFU commands. Also broadcastp. messages are send to this window.A o Statistics : the lower part contains statistics from = the current command. During most of the commands_@ this screen will contain a progress indicator and a, status for the current command.> o DFU prompt : the bottom line is used as the input command line.L __________________________________________________________________e 3.4 Special Screen commands 3.4 Special Screen commands 3.4 Special Screen commands 8 In SMG mode the following keys perform special functions : 9 o DO : invokes a subprocess (same as the SPAWNI command)d? o HELP or PF2 : invokes a special SMG window for the  help command.( o CTRL/W : redraws the screen; o PF4 : creates a screen dump into the file DFU_* SCREEN.TXTi: o PREV SCREEN : Scrolls back the output screen.< o NEXT SCREEN : Scrolls forward the output screen9 o SELECT : Toggles between 80 and 132 columns.I 3-3 3-3 3-3   h The SMG output interface The SMG output interface The SMG output interface? Although only some 20 lines are visible in the output ? (main) screen DFU in fact remembers 500 output lines. = You can scroll back and forward through these lines > with the NEXT and PREV SCREEN keys. At the beginning: of each new DFU command these lines are cleared.? On a workstation with DecWindows/Motif you can change : the DecTerm size to be more than the standard 24; lines. DFU's SMG screen will automatically adjust / to the screen size of such a DecTerm. L __________________________________________________________________D 3.5 Side effects 3.5 Side effects 3.5 Side effects; There are a few side effects when using SMG mode. @ CTRL/C and CTRL/Y are catched but not echoed. Also all> broadcast messages are trapped and will be displayed: in the main screen at the end of the current DFU? command. Sometimes this may slightly disrupt the main < screen, which can be repaired with the CTRL/W key.< Further, during the execution of a DFU command the? cursor will disappear. After the command finishes the 2 cursor will reappear at the DFU> prompt.) 3-4 3-4 3-4   A _______________________________________________________ > 4 DFU basics 4 DFU basics 4 DFU basics> Note : this chapter is meant for first time users of> DFU. If you already used DFU before you may probably skip this chapter.= This chapter gives a brief overview of the commands-> which can be used with DFU, and how they can provide< the system manager with the necessary information.; One of most common actions by a system manager isy: trying to locate specific files eg. files with a< certain file size. Although a lot can be done with@ the VMS DIRECTORY command this can be a time consuming; process , especially if the complete disk much be= scanned. The SEARCH command of DFU is exactly meantn; for this situation. It gives a very quick list of < specific files, with their size, and if needed the@ number of file fragments. Some usefull SEARCH commands are : S DFU> SEARCH disk/SIZE=MINIMUM=1000 (files > 1000 blocks) P DFU> SEARCH disk/IDENT=SYSTEM (files owned by SYSTEM)b DFU> SEARCH disk/FRAGMENT=MINIMUM=10 (files with at least 10 fragments)U DFU> SEARCH disk/CHAR=MARKED (all files marked for delete)tg DFU> SEARCH disk/CREATED=SINCE=YESTERDAY (all files created since YESTERDAY)D> Of course these qualifiers can be combined to narrow< the search. As the SEARCH command scans INDEXF.SYS; , not directories, the output generated by SEARCH-< may look a bit random (but it is just the order in@ which the file headers are in the INDEXF.SYS file). To4 smooth the output use the /SORT qualifier. 4-1 4-1 4-1n l > DFU basics DFU basics DFU basics= Another important action for a system manager is tor? gather some overall disk information , such as number < of files , free space statistics and fragmentation< information. The REPORT command will generate such; a disk report. To get individual disk space usage < information the /USAGE qualifier can be used. This= will work even if there is no disk quota enabled ong the disk.d; At regular intervals a system manager may need to_@ check a disk with ANALYZE/DISK. The DFU VERIFY command? provides more or less the same functionality but many ? times faster. The /FIX qualifier provides some REPAIRa; options which (unlike ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR) do NOT = lock the disk, and thus do not interfere with othere; disk operations. However, the disk can be rebuildn5 completely by using the /REBUILD qualifier.r@ Occasionaly a user will delete the wrong file, leaving> the system manager or operator with the tedious task? of restoring the file from a backup set. The UNDELETE ? command may be able to recover the file if it has not < yet been overwritten with a new one. Much care has> been taken to make this command as safe as possible;@ therefore no disk corruptions will be the result of an> UNDELETE. If DFU encounters a problem with a deleted- file it will refuse to UNDELETE it.I? Another type of typical system manager problems dealsr@ with directories. The DFU command DIRECTORY can handle= such problems. DIRECTORY can generate reports aboutU= empty directories (/EMPTY qualifier) or directories @ which contains files with a certain number of versions? (/VERSION=n qualifier). Also , directories may become @ internally fragmented. This can be quickly solved with" the /COMPRESS qualifier.< A second problem with directories is in deleting a: directory with many files. This may take several< hours using a DCL DELETE *.* command. This problem; is solved by using DFU's DELETE/DIRECTORY command : which can delete large directories some 10 times) 4-2 4-2 4-2   n DFU basics DFU basics DFU basics ; faster than the normal DELETE command does. Also,y@ using DELETE/DIR/TREE will delete a complete directory% tree with just one command. > The disks INDEXF.SYS file can sometimes pose special8 problems. The file system limits the number of= fragments for this file. Once this limit is reachedw? any attempt to create new files may result in a fatal_; SYSTEM-F-HEADERFULL error. The INDEXF/ANALYZE can = analyze and report the current state of INDEXF.SYS. < If needed the INDEXF/DEFRAG command can defragment> INDEXF.SYS whereas INDEXF/EXTEND allows preextending? the INDEXF.SYS with a required number of file headers 7 in just one new fragment. Normally a completeo: BACKUP/RESTORE or a re-INIT of the disk would be/ necessary to perform these functions. = The last 2 commands deal with individual files. SET : allows settings of some special file attributes.< Since VMS V6.0 this functionality is also provided> by the DCL SET FILE/ATTRIBUTE command, but DFU's SET< offers some more options. The DEFRAG command is an? interface to the MOVEFILE function offered by VMS 5.5U= and higher. This allows a simple defragmentation of  individual files. @ You can even perform a complete disk optimization with" the DEFRAG/DISK command.@ The next chapters gives a detailed description of each! individual DFU command.i 4-3 4-3 4-3   A _______________________________________________________ 2 5 DEFRAG 5 DEFRAG 5 DEFRAG< This chapter describes the DEFRAG command with the, related parameters and qualifiers.L __________________________________________________________________A 5.1 Description 5.1 Description 5.1 DescriptionC? The DEFRAG command can be used to defragment a single_9 file or a group of files. You can also enter an ; indirect command file containing a list of files.n? This feature allows you to create an output file withT4 SEARCH and use that as an input to DEFRAG.@ You can also use DEFRAG to quickly optimize a complete9 disk with the DEFRAG/DISK command. The level of ; optimization is very good although not as high ase; with Polycentre Disk and File Optimizer. However, ? DEFRAG/DISK can usually perform the task in less thand@ 30 minutes. The actual time spend on optimizing a disk@ can of course be (much) longer if you have a slow VAX,= a slow disk, or if there is less than 2% free space? on the disk. In the latter case you may not gain very& much by running DEFRAG/DISK.6 DFU performs disk optimization in 2 stages :8 1 File defragmentation : this stage looks for> fragmented files and defragments them if there is4 enough contiguous free space available.? 2 Unfragment freespace : this stage moves contiguous.> files to another location on the disk in order to9 enlarge the size of the 'holes' on the disk.e; The /OPTIMIZE qualifier can be used to direct DFUf? which stages to perform. Default action is to perform_ both stages. 5-1 5-1 5-1t i 2 DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG> The /MAXSIZE qualifier can be used to limit the size@ of the files being moved. However, you may not get the> optimal result from DEFRAG/DISK if this qualifier is used._9 DEFRAG makes use of the file-primitive MOVEFILEi< function. Therefore files which are open, or which? are marked NOMOVE will not be DEFRAGmented. Still youw? should be cautious about using DEFRAG. You should note9 make this function available for general usage.U? DEFRAG/DISK will process all members on a volume set, 8 unless overruled with the /NOVOLSET qualifier.L __________________________________________________________________J 5.2 Error messages 5.2 Error messages 5.2 Error messages9 The most common errors returned by DEFRAG are : 5 o ACCONFLICT: File is open by another user > o DEVICEFULL: Device has not enough contiguous free* space to move the entire file4 o FILNOTACC: File has been set to NOMOVE.> o FILENUMCHK: You tried to move a reserved file (eg INDEXF.SYS). > o RMS Errors: Almost always caused by an invalid or% wrong file specifcation.n) 5-2 5-2 5-2   e DEFRAG command DEFRAG command DEFRAG command DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAGeA _______________________________________________________D2 DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG; Defragment a file or a list of files on the disk. # Optimize a complete disk. A _______________________________________________________ 2 FORMAT FORMAT FORMAT DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG _______ __ ____________________ device: or file1,file2,@file... device: or file1,file2,@file... device: or file1,file2,@file...A _______________________________________________________ > PARAMETERS PARAMETERS PARAMETERSG _______ device: device: device: 8 The device on which to perform a complete disk; optimization. (Only for the DEFRAG/DISK command). { ____________________ file1,file2,@file... file1,file2,@file... file1,file2,@file... = The file(s) to be defragmented. You can also use ane@ indirect command file (@file) which contains a list of> files to be defragmented. This may be an output file3 generated with the SEARCH/OUTPUT command.XA _______________________________________________________ > QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERSK ________ /BESTTRY /BESTTRY /BESTTRY < Normally DEFRAG tries to create a contiguous file.: If there is not enough contiguous free space the: operation will fail. With the /BESTTRY qualifier< DEFRAG tries to move the file with the contiguous-? best-try method. This means a maximum of 3 fragments. : You >should only use this qualifier when a normal; DEFRAG fails. If a DEFRAG/BESTTRY also fails this ; is an indication that the disks free space is too : fragmented. Run a REPORT to see what the largest< contiguous free space is, and check the free space fragmentation index. 5-3 5-3 5-3   J DEFRAG command DEFRAG command DEFRAG command2 DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAGG _______ /DEVICE /DEVICE /DEVICE ? The device on which the files reside. The device name-; is added to the file name. If you generate a file > list with the DFU SEARCH command you don't need this; qualifier anymore. However you may have a list of = files produced from another source and thus need tor. append a device name to it. Example:L DFU> SEARCH mydisk/...../frag=min=50/output=x.x- DFU> DEFRAG @x.xf? _____ /DISK /DISK /DISKd; The disk to be optimized. Both file and freespace< optimization will be performed unless overruled by= the /OPTIMIZE qualifier. All files being moved will_< be displayed; this can be disabled with the /NOLOG qualifier. _________________________ /LBN=logical-block-number /LBN=logical-block-number /LBN=logical-block-number ; Forces a single file to be moved to the specifiedW> logical block number. Do not use this qualifier when% processing a list of files. S __________ /MAXSIZE=n /MAXSIZE=n /MAXSIZE=ne> During DEFRAG/DISK do not move files larger than 'n' blocks.EC ______ /NOLOG /NOLOG /NOLOG:; Do not display individual files as they are beingo< moved. This qualifier can only be used with /DISK.O _________ /NOVOLSET /NOVOLSET /NOVOLSET 9 This qualifiers overrules the default behaviour < of processing all members of a volume set during a DEFRAG/DISK run.k ________________ /OPTIMIZE=option /OPTIMIZE=option /OPTIMIZE=option 1 This qualifier has 2 possible options : 7 /OPTIMIZE=FILES and /OPTIMIZE=FREESPACE. Thisc? qualifier can only be used with /DISK and allows someX) 5-4 5-4 5-4   f DEFRAG command DEFRAG command DEFRAG commands DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAGS= control over the disk optimization process. Defaultf9 action is to optimize both files and freespace. W ___________ /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /STATISTICSl= This qualifier displays the performance statistics:U5 CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.tW ___________ /WRITECHECK /WRITECHECK /WRITECHECKe9 Perform a writecheck on the resultant file. Thes: default is /NOWRITECHECK. Note that a writecheck4 doubles the number of involved disk I/O's. 5-5 5-5 5-5  m t2 DEFRAG DEFRAG DEFRAG) 5-6 5-6 5-6   hA _______________________________________________________t2 6 DELETE 6 DELETE 6 DELETE< This chapter describes the DELETE command with the, related parameters and qualifiers.L __________________________________________________________________D 6.1 Introduction 6.1 Introduction 6.1 Introduction8 The DELETE command is designed for 2 purposes:A 1 Delete a file by file id (with the /FILE qualifier).v> This functionality is needed to be able to delete@ files which no longer have a parent directory. This> way 'lost' files and (sometimes) files marked for/ delete can be removed from a disk. < 2 A fast method to delete a complete directory or; even a directory tree (with the /DIRECTORY andE? /TREE qualifier). First all entries of a directory? are deleted without removing the directory entry ;s? this saves a lot of unnecessary directory updates./A Finally the directory file itself is deleted, unless > the /KEEP qualifier is used. This way a directory> is cleaned up many times faster than with the DCL= DELETE *.* command. On large directories DFU may @ be even 10 or more times faster than DCL. To delete? a complete directory tree use the /TREE qualifier.mA The DCL command DELETE [.SUBDIR...]*.*;* will almost @ always fail to delete the intermediate subdirectory< files forcing you to issue this command several= times. The DFU DELETE command is smart enough to; delete the files and the subdirectory files ins< the proper order; therefore only one command is< sufficient to delete a complete directory tree. 6-1 6-1 6-1   J DELETE command DELETE command DELETE commandD Introduction Introduction Introduction; The /KEEP qualifier allows you to preserve thec= directory tree. The contents are deleted but ther. directory file(s) remains intact.A _______________________________________________________2 DELETE DELETE DELETE' Deletes files or directories.oA _______________________________________________________i2 FORMAT FORMAT FORMAT DELETE DELETE DELETE _________ __ _________________ device[:] or directory-file(s) device[:] or directory-file(s) device[:] or directory-file(s)A _______________________________________________________t> PARAMETERS PARAMETERS PARAMETERSC ______ device device devicel@ The device on which to perform the DELETE/FILE=file-id command.o _________________ directory-file(s) directory-file(s) directory-file(s)< The filespecification of the directory on which to= perform the DELETE/DIRECTORY command. Wildcard fileu< specifications may be used. DFU will automatically@ add .DIR to the filespecification if a filetype is not provided.SA _______________________________________________________y> QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERSS __________ /DIRECTORY /DIRECTORY /DIRECTORY ; Specify the directory file which must be deleted. @ Wildcards may be used but must be used very carefully.< Make sure that the directory does not contain non-@ empty subdirectories. Files within such a subdirectory= will become lost after the DELETE/DIRECTORY command ? (but can be recovered with ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR). Note ) 6-2 6-2 6-2   DELETE command DELETE command DELETE command DELETE DELETE DELETEl> that the directory file itself will also be deleted. Example:( $ DIR EXAMPLE5 Directory MYDISK:[RUBBISH]o( EXAMPLE.DIR;1 $ DFU< DFU> DELETE/DIRECTORY EXAMPLE.DIRT %DFU-I-CLEANUP, Deleting MYDISK:[RUBBISH]EXAMPLE.DIR;1...D %DFU-S-DELETED, File DBGINI.COM;3 deletedB %DFU-S-DELETED, File ICON.COM;1 deletedD %DFU-S-DELETED, File I_FOOL.COM;1 deletedG %DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGICALS.COM;51 deleted D %DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGIN.COM;79 deletedD %DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGOUT.COM;4 deletedK %DFU-S-DELETED, File NOTE_COMPRESS.COM;3 deletedcD %DFU-S-DELETED, File SHOWCL.COM;3 deletedF %DFU-S-DELETED, File SYMBOLS.COM;89 deletedF %DFU-S-DELETED, File TPUBUILD.COM;5 deleted; %DFU-S-TOTAL, 11 file(s) deletedrE %DFU-S-DELETED, File EXAMPLE.DIR;1 deleted _ _____________ /FILE=file-id /FILE=file-id /FILE=file-id > Specify a complete file-id (num,seq,rvn) of the file: which must be deleted. This qualifier allows the< deletion of lost files or files marked for delete. Example :G $ DFU. DFU> VERIFY MYDISK:F %DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OK@ %DFU-I-IFSCAN, Scanning INDEXF.SYS...c %DFU-E-INVBAKFID, file (86,17915,1) 0004CF04$BFS.;1 has invalid backlinkme %DFU-W-DELETED, file (537,2878,1) APPL_UTRYIT_BOOK.TMP;1 marked for delete  .o .  .o 6-3 6-3 6-3l l J DELETE command DELETE command DELETE command2 DELETE DELETE DELETE? DFU> DELETE MYDISK/FILE=(86,17915,1)mG %DFU-S-DELETED, File 0004CF04$BFS.;1 deleteds? DFU> DELETE MYDISK/FILE=(537,2878,1)oN %DFU-S-DELETED, File APPL_UTRYIT_BOOK.TMP;1 deleted? _____ /KEEP /KEEP /KEEP@ Preserve the directory tree; only delete the contents.< /KEEP is only valid with the /DIRECTORY qualifier.9 /KEEP works for DELETE/DIR and DELETE/DIR/TREE. C ______ /NOLOG /NOLOG /NOLOG > Do not log succesfull deletes to SYS$OUTPUT. /LOG is the default.O _________ /NOREMOVE /NOREMOVE /NOREMOVE ? Can only be used with /FILE. Default DELETE/FILE will ; try to remove the file from the parent directory. < If the file's backlink no longer points to a valid> directory this will generate an error. The /NOREMOVE@ qualifier overrules this behaviour allowing such files to be deleted.W ___________ /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /STATISTICS = This qualifier displays the performance statistics:t5 CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. ? _____ /TREE /TREE /TREE 6 Can only be used with /DIRECTORY. The delete; command will delete all subdirectories within the ; directory file specified. DFU will first sort outG< the subdirectory tree and than delete the files in= the proper order. Thus a complete directory tree isf# deleted with one command.G) 6-4 6-4 6-4   e DELETE DELETE DELETE 6-5 6-5 6-5   A _______________________________________________________ ; 7 DIRECTORY 7 DIRECTORY 7 DIRECTORY ? This chapter describes the DIRECTORY command with the , related parameters and qualifiers.L __________________________________________________________________D 7.1 Introduction 7.1 Introduction 7.1 Introduction; The DIRECTORY command offers 6 major functions. 3 < functions deal with all directories on a disk, the@ other 3 functions are used for manipulating individual? directories. These functions are activated by special  qualifiers:_- o Individual directory functions :R? 1 /COMPRESS : Rebuild one or more directory files. = Directories are alphabetically sorted lists of : filenames and file id's. Because file names< are randomly inserted and deleted, holes will= occur in directory files. Such holes will only ? be reused if a file can be alphabetically fitted > into it. As a result directory files will grow.> Especially MAIL subdirectories suffer from this behaviour._> To make matters worse directory files above 127: blocks will no longer be cached by the file< system. This will degrade performance on such> directories dramatically. The COMPRESS function< will rebuild the complete directory file. The9 /TEST qualifier can be used to preview the 6 results of a possible COMPRESS command.= 2 /CREATE/ALLOCATE=n : Create a directory with aa= preallocated size of 'n' blocks. Note that 'n's< will be rounded up to a multiple of the disks cluster size. > 7-1 7-1 7-1T  ; DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORYe> 3 /DUMP : Make a dump of the directory blocks and= formats the output. This option is usefull forT< debugging directory files which are suspected8 or corrupted. This function is equivalent9 to the previously undocumented VMS commanda@ DUMP/DIRECTORY, although the layout of the output is different., o Disk-wide directory functions :< 1 /ALIAS : Scan all directories on the disk for" alias file entries.; 2 /EMPTY : Scan the disk for empty directories @ 3 /VERSION=n : Scan all directories on the disk for6 files which have at least 'n' versions.9 The diskwide function qualifiers can be used in ; one command; other combinations of qualifiers areo8 not possible. Note that the diskwide directory@ functions can take several minutes to complete because: a complete directory scan uses a lot of disk I/O0 (approximately 2 I/O's per directory).= An indirect command file containing a list of files ; can be used as a parameter to /COMPRESS or /DUMP. ? Such a list can be generated with the SEARCH command.  Example:J DFU> SEARCH disk/FILE=*.DIR/SIZE=MIN=50/OUT=x.x7 DFU> DIRECTORY/COMPRESS @x.x.8 Caution: Care should be taken when compressing< critical system directories. To be safe you should: first use the /TEST qualifier before compressing9 the directory. Another problem may be caused byo: a systemcrash just when DFU is rewriting the new8 compressed directory (although the chance that< this happens is very small). When this happens you) 7-2 7-2 7-2N g l DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORYf: can recover the files by executing the following procedure:< 1 Do a $SET FILE/NODIR of the corrupted directory6 2 Delete the directory and create a new one? 3 Do a $ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR ; this will move all the % lost files to [SYSLOST].d? 4 Move the files from [SYSLOST] to the newly createda directory..L __________________________________________________________________ 7.2 Discussion of directory compression 7.2 Discussion of directory compression 7.2 Discussion of directory compressionR: Version V2.2 of DFU introduced a major change in: the directory compression process (issued by the: DIRECTORY/COMPRESS command). Previously versions; always performed a maximum compression , and then @ truncated the resultant directory. This may be usefull= on a dormant directory , but on an active directory . this method introduced new problems:? o When new files were added to the directory it mustn> very quickly be extended. Not only is this a slowA operation, but on a fragmented disk this can lead toF DIRALLOC errors. ; o Active directories where files are inserted in = a random alphabetical order very quickly lead tot8 expansion of the just compressed directory.9 The first problem is now solved by NOT doing an > automatic TRUNCATION of the directory. The /TRUNCATE= qualifier has been added to allow truncation on thea= users request. Also /TRUNCATE=blocksize is possiblee> to perform partial truncation; DFU will not truncate> below the blocksize issued in /TRUNCATE. (The actual; blocksize will be rounded up to a multiple of theT> disks cluster size.) The second problem is solved by@ the new /FILL_FACTOR qualifier. Here a user can direct 7-3 7-3 7-3   -; DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORYG: DFU to fill each directory block up to a certain9 percentage (between 50 and 100). Not specifying < /FILL_FACTOR is the same as doing /FILL_FACTOR=100? (full compression). Note however that the directory'sD> allocated size must be large enough to allow a lower= fill factor. If that is not possible DFU will issuea9 a DFU-E-EXTERR error, and you must use a higher_< fill factor. So, what strategy should be used when# comnpressing directories?n> 1 Inactive directories : use DIR/COMPRESS/TRUNCATE.< 2 Not very active diredctories : use DIR/COMPRESS (/TRUNCATE=n).l@ 3 Active directories, files added at the end (such as1 MAIL directories) : use DIR/COMPRESS'6 4 Active directories, files added in random@ alphabetical order : use DIR/COMPRESS/FILL_FACTOR=nL __________________________________________________________________S 7.3 Output formatting 7.3 Output formatting 7.3 Output formatting 2 A new qualifier /FORMAT can be used with: DIRECTORY/VERSION. This allows the build up of a> command procedure directly from the output generated? by the DIR/VERSION command. /FORMAT has the followingw restrictions :< 1 /FORMAT is only valid with the /VERSION and the /OUTPUT qualifier.i8 2 The format string used must contain the !AS= directive (in uppercase). The file found will bee, substituted at the !AS location Example:^ DFU> DIR/VERSION=4/OUTP=PURGE.COM/FORMAT="$PURGE/KEEP=3 !AS" mydisk) 7-4 7-4 7-4a s r DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORY A _______________________________________________________E; DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORY' Performs directory functions.oA _______________________________________________________l2 FORMAT FORMAT FORMAT  DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORY _________ __ _________________ device[:] or directory-file(s) device[:] or directory-file(s) device[:] or directory-file(s)_A _______________________________________________________T> PARAMETERS PARAMETERS PARAMETERSC ______ device device device_< The device on which to perform one of the diskwide directory functions.s __________________ directory-files(s) directory-files(s) directory-files(s)_= The file specification of the directory on which toA< perform the /CREATE , /COMPRESS or /DUMP function.< Wildcard file specifications may be used. DFU will> automatically add .DIR to the filespecification if a# filetype is not provided. A _______________________________________________________i> QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERSC ______ /ALIAS /ALIAS /ALIASm6 The /ALIAS qualifier directs DFU to scan all> directories for alias file entries. Only alias files= in DIFFERENT directories will be found (this is the_? most common situation). Normally only the system diskU; should contain alias files. This qualifier can be . combined with /VERSION=n and /EMPTY.W ___________ /ALLOCATE=n /ALLOCATE=n /ALLOCATE=n ; Used in combination with /CREATE. Creates the newd9 directory with an allocated size of 'n' blocks. 7-5 7-5 7-5   S DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY command ; DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORY O _________ /COMPRESS /COMPRESS /COMPRESS < Performs the directory compression unless /TEST is= also specified. The output will show the results in ' terms of file sizes. Example:: DFU> DIR/COMP OWN$:[000000]MAILf %DFU-S-DONE, OWN$:[000000]MAIL.DIR;1: 31 files; was : 4/9, now : 3/3 blocks DFU> G _______ /CREATE /CREATE /CREATE < Create a new , empty directory. The allocated size: will be 1 cluster unless /ALLOCATE is specified.G _______ /DEVICE /DEVICE /DEVICEM: The device on which the files reside. The device; name is added to the file name. If you generate a,> file list with the DFU SEARCH command you don't need> this qualifier. However you may have a list of files@ produced from another source and thus need to append a? device name to it. This qualifier can only be used in . combination with /COMPRESS or /DUMP.? _____ /DUMP /DUMP /DUMPC? Produce a block level dump of a directory. /DUMP willB@ interpret the directory entries found in each block. A> directory entry contains a size, version-limit, type; and name field. Next the directory entry containsE: a list of versions and file ID's for this entry.> /DUMP will produce a rather low level output of this information. Example :. DFU> DIR/DUMP C.DIR) 7-6 7-6 7-6   e DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORY 4 DUMP of directory block 1T Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(10): CHKDSK.EXE= Version: 3, FID : (1027,1456,0) W Size: 26, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(13): CHKDSK.README > Version: 2, FID : (33892,1171,0)> Version: 3, FID : (1256,11234,0)T Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(10): CHKDSK.SAV= Version: 2, FID : (13947,100,0)EU Size: 24, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(11): CHKDSK.SAVES> Version: 1, FID : (12531,2114,0)X Size: 26, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(14): CHKDSK_LNK.COM< Version: 2, FID : (12314,72,0)N Size: 18, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(5): C_D.C< Version: 3, FID : (32650,32,0)P Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D.EXE; Version: 9, FID : (2675,64,0)oP Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D.OBJ< Version: 4, FID : (9835,117,0)P Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D_2.C= Version: 15, FID : (12428,84,0) R Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_2.OBJ< Version: 9, FID : (8439,119,0)R Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_3.CLD< Version: 3, FID : (9777,178,0)R Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_3.OBJ< Version: 2, FID : (9737,161,0)P Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D_4.C> Version: 3, FID : (10594,1580,0)R Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_4.OBJ= Version: 2, FID : (10177,109,0)e4 DUMP of directory block 2N Size: 18, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(5): DFU.C> Version: 169, FID : (31123,52,0) .  .  . W %DFU-I-TOTAL, OWN$:[SOURCES.FORTRAN.DFUSRC]C.DIR;1: 42 files 7-7 7-7 7-7   S DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY command; DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORY_C ______ /EMPTY /EMPTY /EMPTY; The /EMPTY qualifier will produce a list of emptyh: directories. This qualifier can be combined with /ALIAS and /VERSION=n.c ______________ /FILL_FACTOR=n /FILL_FACTOR=n /FILL_FACTOR=ni< Specifies ,in percentage, the filling of directory> blocks during a /COMPRESS operation. Fill factor may? be between 50 and 100. Omitting this qualifier is theu< same as /FILL_FACTOR=100 (maximum compression). If< the directory has not enough allocated space a low; fill factor may result in failure of the Compresso= operation. DFU will issue a DFU-E-EXTERR error, ande2 the directory file will not be modified. _____________________ /FORMAT=format-string /FORMAT=format-string /FORMAT=format-stringi< Create an output file in a format described by the8 format string. The string must contain the !AS8 directive (this must be uppercase). At the !AS< location the resultant filename will be filled in., The /OUTPUT qualifier is required.k ________________ /OUTPUT=filename /OUTPUT=filename /OUTPUT=filename.< This qualifier redirects the output >to a file. The, output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT.W ___________ /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /STATISTICSn= This qualifier displays the performance statistics:C5 CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. ? _____ /TEST /TEST /TEST 8 The /TEST can only be used in conjunction with? /COMPRESS. The qualifier will show the results of the = /COMPRESS but will not compress the directory file. w ___________________ /TRUNCATE=blocksize /TRUNCATE=blocksize /TRUNCATE=blocksize < During a compress operation truncate the directory> back to the blocksize specified. If blocksize is not; specified, the file will be truncated back to the.= end-of-file block number. Truncation will always bey) 7-8 7-8 7-8  r e DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY command DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORY> rounded up to the next highest multiple of the disks cluster size. S __________ /VERSION=n /VERSION=n /VERSION=n 8 The /VERSION qualifier directs DFU to scan all> directories on the device to produce a list of files> which have at least 'n' versions. This qualifier can- be combined with /ALIAS and /EMPTY. 7-9 7-9 7-9  m :; DIRECTORY DIRECTORY DIRECTORYI, 7-10 7-10 7-10  rA _______________________________________________________l2 8 INDEXF 8 INDEXF 8 INDEXF< This chapter describes the INDEXF command with the, related parameters and qualifiers.L __________________________________________________________________A 8.1 Description 8.1 Description 8.1 Descriptionl@ The INDEXF command can be used to manipulate the disks; INDEXF.SYS file. There are 4 options which can beI2 invoked with the appropiate qualifiers :: o /ANALYZE (default) : report the fragments and= mapping pointers for INDEXF.SYS. Also report the 7 largest contiguous free space on the disk. , o /DEFRAG : defragment INDEXF.SYS> o /EXTEND=n : extend INDEXF.SYS with 1 new fragment> of 'n' blocks; this is equivalent to 'n' new file headers.L> o /TRUNCATE : reduces the size of INDEXF.SYS ; this= can only be done if the allocated size is larger_' than the end-of-file size.o? The INDEXF command is a very powerfull tool which cani= be used solving some classic ODS2 problems (such as ? the SYSTEM-F-HEADERFULL error). It will save an images; BACKUP/RESTORE operation or even a re-INIT of thea> disk. There are however some restrictions when using> this command. Also issueing this command on a volume@ or shadow set can only be done after some preparation.> INDEXF/ANALYZE can always be performed on a on-line,: mounted disk because it is a read-only function.< The /DEFRAG , /EXTEND and /TRUNCATE option however= requires that the disk is correctly dismounted fromk 8-1 8-1 8-1n  2 INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF> all systems in the cluster. Also VOLPRO privilege is= required to execute these options. The procedure tol@ defrag , extend or truncate INDEXF.SYS is as follows :> 1 Perform an ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR first to make sure; that there are no structure errors on the diskT? 2 DISMOUNT the disk cluster wide (with /NOUNLOAD) InuA case of a volume or shadow set the complete set musts be dismounted. = 3 Issue the INDEXF/DEFRAG , /EXTEND=n or /TRUNCATE 7 command for the disk. The syntax is : DFU> ; INDEXF/DEFRAG device: On a shadow set you must > specify the virtual unit as the device: parameter< and use the /SHADOW_MEMBER=device: qualifier to5 specify ONE physical member of this set.oA 4 DFU will remount the disk privately and determine ifN) the command can be executed.hA 5 If the command can be executed DFU will prompt for ah confirmation.9 6 If the command is confirmed DFU will remountw< the disk /FOREIGN and start with the operation.= After completing all operations the disk will be_ dismounted.= 7 The system manager must now manually remount thec@ disk. In case of a volume set the complete set mustA be remounted. In case of a shadow set remounting theP> complete set will result in a correct shadow copy7 operation on the other members of the set. > There are some restrictions which will limit the use9 of the /DEFRAG, /EXTEND and /TRUNCATE options : ? o The command can not be executed on the system disk_> o There must be enough contiguous free space on the> disk to be able to perform /DEFRAG or /EXTEND. If= there is not enough space DFU will report it and " cancel the operation.) 8-2 8-2 8-2i t f INDEXF INDEXF INDEXFq> o The INDEXF.SYS header must have enough space left> to be able to execute the /EXTEND command. If notA DFU will report a HEADERFULL error and advise you to/ perform a /DEFRAG operation first.P> o INDEXF.SYS cannot be extended beyond the MAXFILES= parameter set for the disk. A $SHOW DEVICE /FULL > command will report the maximum files allowed for the disk.@ o The first 3 or 4 fragments of INDEXF.SYS (depending@ on the geometry) can never been moved. If there are> not enough fragments available to be defragmented: DFU will report a NOOPT warning and refuse to( perform a DEFRAG operation.L __________________________________________________________________w 8.2 Example of a DEFRAG operation 8.2 Example of a DEFRAG operation 8.2 Example of a DEFRAG operation_@ Below follows an example of a (fictuous) disk which is? defragmented using the /DEFRAG qualifier (the /EXTEND ( qualifier is almost the same): 8-3 8-3 8-3_ _ _2 INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF2 DFU> index/defrag DUA1:G %DFU-I-MOUNTING, Busy mounting disk DUA1:...oJ %DFU-I-ANALDISK, Analyzing INDEXF and BITMAP...e %DFU-I-TOTAL, Maparea maps 326 blocks in 9 fragments (11% used) (1) e %DFU-I-FINDLBN, Largest free contiguous space 2351 blocks at LBN 2649 (2)Ue %DFU-I-MOVE, 305 blocks can be defragmented (5 fragments) (3) H Continue to modify INDEXF.SYS ? (Y/N) [N] : yR %DFU-I-MOUNTFOR, Busy remounting disk LDA1: /FOREIGN...T %DFU-I-STARTDFR, Now copying fragments to new location...e %DFU-S-COPIED, 185 blocks copied (fragment 5) (4)iG %DFU-S-COPIED, 30 blocks copied (fragment 6)TG %DFU-S-COPIED, 30 blocks copied (fragment 7))G %DFU-S-COPIED, 30 blocks copied (fragment 8)hG %DFU-S-COPIED, 30 blocks copied (fragment 9) V %DFU-I-NEWTOTAL, New Maparea maps 326 blocks in 5 fragmentse %DFU-S-REWRTIF, INDEXF.SYS File header rewritten ! (5)ee %DFU-I-RBDBITMAP, Updating BITMAP.SYS... (6) e %DFU-S-READY, all operations succesfully completed (7) ; %DFU-I-DISMNT, Volume dismounted 7 The meaning of these messages is as follows :I8 1 DFU reports the number of fragments and the; percentage of space used in the file header of @ INDEXF.SYS. These figures can also be produced with$ the /ANALYZE qualifier.> 2 DFU reports the largest number of contiguous free blocks on the disk.= 3 DFU now proposes the largest chunk of INDEXF.SYS = which can be defragmented into one new fragment.9: 4 After remounting the disk /FOREIGN DFU starts. copying the individual fragments.> 5 After all copy operations have been completed the* new file header is rewritten.@ 6 Next BITMAP.SYS will be modified to reflect the new storage situation.D) 8-4 8-4 8-4e e e INDEXF command INDEXF command INDEXF command Example of a DEFRAG operation Example of a DEFRAG operation Example of a DEFRAG operation< 7 This message indicates that DFU has succesfully$ finished the operation.L __________________________________________________________________J 8.3 Crash Recovery 8.3 Crash Recovery 8.3 Crash Recovery> During a DEFRAG , EXTEND or TRUNCATE operation there9 is a very small time interval in which a systema9 crash or disk failure may result in a situationa; which requires manual intervention. This interval; exists after DFU has rewritten the INDEXF.SYS new> file header and before DFU has completed the rebuild= of BITMAP.SYS. By taking a carefull look at the logo> produced by DFU it is easy to determine which action9 to take. The critical interval exists after DFU < issued the "%DFU-S-REWRTIF, INDEXF.SYS File header< rewritten" message and before a "%DFU-S-READY, all< operations succesfully completed" message has been9 reported. If the system or disk fails somewhere2: between this interval the disk must be remounted; and immediately repaired with DFU> VERIFY/REBUILD > (a ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR or a SET VOLUME/REBUILD=FORCE? command will do as well). Failing to do so may result  in a corrupted disk.9 Any error , system or disk failure outside this > interval does not require further action (apart from( manually remounting the disk).L __________________________________________________________________> 8.4 Disclaimer 8.4 Disclaimer 8.4 Disclaimer< Despite carefull testing on several disk types and< configurations DIGITAL cannot absolutely garantuee= that defragmenting or extending INDEXF.SYS will not> result in a corrupted disk. Therefore it is strongly@ recommended that a defragment or extend operation only= be performed on a disk if a valid and recently made # disk backup is available. 8-5 8-5 8-5   J INDEXF command INDEXF command INDEXF command2 INDEXF INDEXF INDEXFA _______________________________________________________C2 INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF2 Analyze, Defragment or Extend INDEXF.SYSA _______________________________________________________ 2 FORMAT FORMAT FORMAT INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF _________ device[:] device[:] device[:]A _______________________________________________________ > PARAMETERS PARAMETERS PARAMETERSO _________ device[:] device[:] device[:] 0 device which holds the INDEXF.SYS fileA _______________________________________________________ > QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERSK ________ /ANALYZE /ANALYZE /ANALYZE ? Displays information about the number of fragments in > INDEXF.SYS and the largest contiguous free space. If= INDEXF.SYS can not be defragmented a "%DFU-W-NOOPT" $ message will be displayed.G _______ /DEFRAG /DEFRAG /DEFRAG ? Starts a defragment operation on INDEXF.SYS. The disk ) must be clusterwide dismounted. O _________ /EXTEND=n /EXTEND=n /EXTEND=nT? Extends INDEXF.SYS with 'n' blocks in 1 new fragment.T@ This is equivalent to 'n' extra file headers. The disk@ must be clusterwide dismounted. 'n' will be rounded up5 to be a multiple of the disks cluster size.O ______________________ /SHADOW_MEMBER=device: /SHADOW_MEMBER=device: /SHADOW_MEMBER=device:e: The physical member of the shadowset on which to@ perform the EXTEND or DEFRAG operation. This qualifier: is only required in combination with /DEFRAG and /EXTEND. Example :) 8-6 8-6 8-6n h l INDEXF command INDEXF command INDEXF command > INDEXF INDEXF INDEXFoL DFU> INDEXF/DEFRAG DSA0:/SHADOW_MEMBER=$1$DUA104:c ______________ /SHOW_POINTERS /SHOW_POINTERS /SHOW_POINTERSl? Displays all mapping pointer information. See exampleT : ; DFU> index/analyze/show $1$dua11hJ %DFU-I-ANALDISK, Analyzing INDEXF and BITMAP...[ %DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 1) Size : 6 , LBN : 0 [ %DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 2) Size : 3 , LBN : 1023P[ %DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 3) Size : 3 , LBN : 1498254 [ %DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 4) Size : 27534 , LBN : 1470720S[ %DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 5) Size : 1002 , LBN : 345642 [ %DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 6) Size : 1002 , LBN : 1016796U[ %DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 7) Size : 1002 , LBN : 1467444e[ %DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 8) Size : 1002 , LBN : 1925727c . . .[ %DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr (19) Size : 1002 , LBN : 544224 [ %DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr (20) Size : 10215 , LBN : 2565624 ] %DFU-I-TOTAL, Maparea maps 52791 blocks in 20 fragments (37% used) c %DFU-I-FINDLBN, Largest free contiguous space 9132 blocks at LBN 1648761 U %DFU-I-MOVE, 9018 blocks can be defragmented (9 fragments)W ___________ /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /STATISTICSe= This qualifier displays the performance statistics:I5 CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.iO _________ /TRUNCATE /TRUNCATE /TRUNCATE > This qualifier truncates the INDEXF.SYS file back to> the end-of-file size. Thus over-allocated blocks can be recovered. 8-7 8-7 8-7   2 INDEXF INDEXF INDEXF) 8-8 8-8 8-8-  A ________________________________________________________2 9 REPORT 9 REPORT 9 REPORT< This chapter describes the REPORT command with the, related parameters and qualifiers.L __________________________________________________________________A 9.1 Description 9.1 Description 9.1 Descriptione? The REPORT command function generates a report of then? file and free space fragmentation of the disk. Also ae> graph may be generated by the /GRAPH qualifier; this> visualises the free space distribution on your disk.> The /USAGE qualifier will generate a diskspace usage@ report. This is especially usefull if DISKQUOTA is not enabled on the disk.@ The default report contains information of the Volume,= files and the bitmap. This output can be suppresseda? by the new /NOVOLUME, NOFILE and NOBITMAP qualifiers.N= Also the /USAGE qualifier can be used by displayingo? information of a specific UIC or Identifier simply byh9 specifying /USAGE= or /USAGE=.eL __________________________________________________________________S 9.2 Syntax and Output 9.2 Syntax and Output 9.2 Syntax and Output . The syntax of the report command is:8 DFU> REPORT device/QUALIFIERS; Below follows an example and output of the report  command: 9-1 9-1 9-1  T 2 REPORT REPORT REPORT9 DFU> REPORT USER3:/GRAPH/USAGE J %DFU-I-REPORT, Reporting on USER3: ($1$DUA102:)Q ***** Volume info for USER3: (from HOME block) ***** E Volume name : USER3F Volume owner : SYSTEM> Structure name :A Clustersize : 3F Maximum # files : 367618C First header VBN : 103DI Header count : 51547 (1)vI Free headers : 10951 (2)J ***** File statistics (from INDEXF.SYS) *****X INDEXF.SYS fragments /map_in_use : 21 / 61 (39% used) (3)E Total files : 40595rA Files with extension headers : 0oX Files marked for delete : 19 , size : 25/63 blocksD Directory files : 1957C Empty files : 177oE Files with allocation : 40418sI Contiguous files : 40326 (4) P Total size used /allocated : 2492431 /2533209E Total fragments : 40770aJ Average fragments per file : 1.009 (5)U File fragmentation index : 0.692 (excellent) (6) B Average size per fragment : 62> Most fragmented file :\ $1$DUA102:[LARGEUSER]A.DAT;1 ( 180/630 blocks; 30 fragments)P ***** Free space statistics (from BITMAP.SYS) *****G Total blocks on disk : 2940951dF Total free blocks : 407742B Percentage free (rounded) : 13C Total free extents : 260 ` Largest free extent : 42912 blocks at LBN: 2463597 (7)D Average extent size (rounded) : 1568U Free space fragmentation index : 0.191 (excellent) (6)o) 9-2 9-2 9-2e e e REPORT REPORT REPORTFc %free------------------------------------------------------------------md 100 | |d 95 | |d 90 | |d 85 | * |d 80 | * |d 75 | * |d 70 | * * |d 65 | * * |d 60 | * * |d 55 | * * |d 50 | * * * * |d 45 | * * * * * |d 40 | * ** * * * |d 35 | * ** * * ** |d 30 | * * *** * * * * ** |d 25 | * ** * *** * * ** *** ** * |d 20 | * ** * *** * * * ** *** ** * |d 15 | * * * * * * ********** * * * ** *** ** * |d 10 | * * * * *** ********** ** * * ** **** ** * |d 5 | * * * * ***** ************** * * ** **** ** * |d -------------------------------------------------------------------f LBN: 0 2940951P Free space distribution, each * = 2100 free blocksY ***** Disk Usage Table (from INDEXF.SYS and QUOTA.SYS) *****Be Identifier/UIC Used/Allocated Headers Quota Used/PermDe -------------------------------------------------------------------------Md [SYSTEM] 499554/505626 4954 510580/2000000b [SSG,MRX] 42079/46356 2259 48615/60000c [SSG,TESTJE] 189306/254742 4935 259677/300000fb [SSG,LARGEUSER] 47961/50238 1648 51886/65000 .o .X .b8 The various items have the following meaning :@ 1 The header count is calculated based on the size of> INDEXF.SYS. If more headers are needed INDEXF.SYS has to be extended. 9-3 9-3 9-3   2 REPORT REPORT REPORTA 2 The free headers gives the number of free entries in 0 INDEXF.SYS before it has to extend.? 3 The INDEXF.SYS number of fragments and mapwords in ? use are very important figures to determine if the = INDEXF.SYS file can be extended. The theoreticali> maximum number of mapwords is 155. This value may; be less if there are ACL's on INDEXF.SYS. Each @ fragment, and therefore each retrieval pointer must? be in the mapword area. As the size of a retrievalr? pointer depends on the physical size of a disk, ite= is not easy to say how many fragments INDEXF.SYSa; can store in the mapwords area. If the mapwordu? area is full the INDEXF file can no longer extend,a= and creating new files may result in a SYSTEM-W- HEADERFULL error.= 4 Files which have exactly 1 retrieval pointer arei@ considered to be contiguous. This doesn't mean that: the CONTIGUOUS bit is set in the file header.@ 5 The average fragments per file give some indication0 about the total file fragmentation.8 6 The file and free space fragmentation index. classifies your disk as follows : o 0-1 : Excellent o 1-2 : Goodw o 2-3 : Fairs o 3-4 : Poor  o >4 : BadF@ If your index is greater than 3 you should consider@ defragmenting the disk using Digitals DFO software,8 or by performing an Image BACKUP / Restore.< 7 The largest free extent is a usefull figure for> defragmentation purposes. You cannot defragment a; file when its size is greater than this value._) 9-4 9-4 9-4_  8 REPORT command REPORT command REPORT commandf Syntax and Output Syntax and Output Syntax and Output> The disks free space distribution as a bar graph. On< the horizontal axis the Logical Block Number (LBN)? is shown, running from 0 to the maximum block number. ? Each * represents a certain number of contiguous free  blocks.? If you use the /USAGE qualifier a usage table will beE? added. Per Identifier / UIC the blocks used/allocated8 , and the number of file headers are shown. If> Diskquota is enabled a third column will be included; which shows the blocks used/permitted allowing to@ QUOTA.SYS. Normally quota should satisfy the following rule :M Quota used = blocks allocated + # of file headers A _______________________________________________________ 2 REPORT REPORT REPORT? Create a file and free space report of a disk device.A _______________________________________________________ 2 FORMAT FORMAT FORMAT REPORT REPORT REPORT _________ device[:] device[:] device[:]A _______________________________________________________ > PARAMETERS PARAMETERS PARAMETERSO _________ device[:] device[:] device[:]l? Device to be reported. You may also specify a logical  devicename.NA _______________________________________________________ > QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERSk ________________ /APPEND=filename /APPEND=filename /APPEND=filename_< This qualifier redirects the output to be appended> to an already existing file. If the output file does 9-5 9-5 9-5   J REPORT command REPORT command REPORT command2 REPORT REPORT REPORT?> not exists it will be created. You can use /APPEND or  /OUTPUT but not both.qC ______ /GRAPH /GRAPH /GRAPH 6 This qualifier generates a graph table which= visualizes the free space distribution on the disk. " /NOGRAPH is the default.O _________ /NOBITMAP /NOBITMAP /NOBITMAP < The /NOBITMAP qualifier suppresses the "Free space statistics" output. G _______ /NOFILE /NOFILE /NOFILE @ The /NOFILE qualifier suppressed the "File Statistics" output. O _________ /NOVOLUME /NOVOLUME /NOVOLUME > The /NOVOLUME qualifier suppresses the "Volume info" output.Hk ________________ /OUTPUT=filename /OUTPUT=filename /OUTPUT=filename < This qualifier redirects the output to a file. The, output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT.W ___________ /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /STATISTICS = This qualifier displays the performance statistics:e5 CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. ___________ __ ___________ /USAGE(=uic or identifier) /USAGE(=uic or identifier) /USAGE(=uic or identifier) 8 The /USAGE qualifier will generate a diskspace= usage report based on Identifiers/UIC. If diskquota : is enabled on the disk the blocks used/permitted= allowing to QUOTA.SYS will also be shown. /USAGE is-; very usefull when diskquota is not enabled on the: disk. When a uic or identifier is specified only< the information for this uic or identifier will be displayed.) 9-6 9-6 9-6   REPORT REPORT REPORT% 9-7 9-7 9-7   AA _______________________________________________________l2 10 SEARCH 10 SEARCH 10 SEARCH< This chapter describes the SEARCH command with the, related parameters and qualifiers.L __________________________________________________________________D 10.1 Introduction 10.1 Introduction 10.1 Introduction9 The search function allows very quick disk-wide = searches for specific files. You can use almost any 8 possible file attribute as a search qualifier.L __________________________________________________________________S 10.2 Syntax and Output 10.2 Syntax and Output 10.2 Syntax and Output+ The command syntax for SEARCH is: 8 DFU> SEARCH device/qualifiers@ The output is displayed on your terminal. You can also> sort the output with the /SORT qualifier. The output( is shown in 2 or 3 columns eg:? DFU> SEARCH MYDISK/FILE=X.X/FRAGMENT_ ._ . Z $1$DUA102:[USER.COMMAND]X.X;1 1/3 1/1 .h .c; The first column shows the full file name . As ofn< this version of DFU the device name is included in? the file name. The second columns shows the file sizei> as actual/allocated size. The 3rd column is optional@ and will only be shown when the /FRAGMENT qualifier is> used. It shows the number of fileheaders / number of file fragments.n 10-1 10-1 10-1a e i2 SEARCH SEARCH SEARCHL ___________________________________________________________________ 10.3 Volume Set processing 10.3 Volume Set processing 10.3 Volume Set processingy> SEARCH checks if the device to-be-searched is member> of a volume set. If so, the complete volume set will> be processed, starting with Relative Volume Number 1= up to the last member in set. You can override this 1 behaviour with the /NOVOLSET qualifier. L __________________________________________________________________S 10.4 Output formatting 10.4 Output formatting 10.4 Output formattingT? A new qualifier /FORMAT can be used with SEARCH. ThisG= allows the build up of a command procedure directlyE: from the output generated by the SEARCH command.2 /FORMAT has the following restrictions :> 1 /FORMAT is only valid with the /OUTPUT qualifier,? and can not be used together with the /FULL or theT /SORT qualifiers.8 2 The format string used must contain the !AS= directive (in uppercase). The file found will be , substituted at the !AS location Example:_ DFU> SEARCH/OUTP=DEL.COM/FORMAT="$DELETE/CONF !AS"/FILE=*.LOG mydisk L __________________________________________________________________w 10.5 UIC and identifier processing 10.5 UIC and identifier processing 10.5 UIC and identifier processing @ This version introduces an improved handling of UIC's.: Previous versions of DFU only accepted a numeric= UIC in the /OWNER qaulifier or an identifier in theh> /IDENT qualifier. V2.4 now accepts all valid uic and> identifier formats (numeric and alphanumeric) in the? /OWNER and /IDENT qualifiers. Technically there is no = longer any difference between these two qualifiers, = but they will be left in for compatibility reasons. , 10-2 10-2 10-2  SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH commandr SEARCH SEARCH SEARCHA _______________________________________________________ 2 SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH. Fast file search through INDEXF.SYS.A _______________________________________________________ 2 FORMAT FORMAT FORMAT SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH _________ device[:] device[:] device[:]A _______________________________________________________ > PARAMETERS PARAMETERS PARAMETERSO _________ device[:] device[:] device[:] ? Device to be searched. You may also specify a logical  devicename.6A _______________________________________________________ A DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION 8 The SEARCH command is used for quick disk-wide> searches for specific files. The qualifiers describe> the file attributes used as the search criteria. You< can combine almost all of the possible qualifiers,* unless otherwise specified. Eg.:Z DFU> SEARCH DISK1/SIZE=MIN=10/OWN=[1,4]/CREATED=SINCE=YESTERDAY? is a valid command. Note that qualifiers will be used < in a logical AND manner, that is, SEARCH will only@ display files which obey to all qualifiers and options specified.A _______________________________________________________ > QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERSS __________ /ALLOCATED /ALLOCATED /ALLOCATED 8 Default, SEARCH will use the actual file size.; The /ALLOCATED qualifier forces SEARCH to use the|@ allocated filesize. This qualifier is only meaningfull' if you combine it with /SIZE. 10-3 10-3 10-3   J SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH command2 SEARCH SEARCH SEARCHk ________________ /APPEND=filename /APPEND=filename /APPEND=filename < This qualifier redirects the output to be appended> to an already existing file. If the output file does? not exists it will be created. You can use /APPEND or  /OUTPUT but not both. _______________________ /BACKUP=option(,option) /BACKUP=option(,option) /BACKUP=option(,option) 7 The /BACKUP qualifier is used to search files > depending on their backup date. The possible options are :* o /BACKUP=BEFORE=date o /BACKUP=SINCE=date  o /BACKUP=NONE*? The NONE option gives files which don't have a backup : date recorded.The other 2 options can be used to< get files which have a backup date before or after= a specific date. The BEFORE and SINCE option can be" combined in one command. ________________________ /BAKFID=backlink-file-id /BAKFID=backlink-file-id /BAKFID=backlink-file-idl> You can use this qualifier to look for a file with a? specific backlink. Only the first part of the file idd? must be specified, that is, if the file id is (x,y,z)d? you must specify 'x' as the file id. You can use this-> qualifier to get files from a specific directory. If? you use /BAKFID=0 you will get files not belonging to . a directory (often temporary files). ________________________________ /CHARACTERISTIC=(char1,char2...) /CHARACTERISTIC=(char1,char2...) /CHARACTERISTIC=(char1,char2...) ; This qualifier is used to get files with specific/? file characteristics.The characteristics can have the following values:X( o Directory : directory files- o Nobackup : files marked nobackup4 o Contiguous : files marked as contiguous/ o Erase : erase file before deletions, 10-4 10-4 10-4 n . SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH o Spool : spool files9 o Badblock : files which contain suspected bad  block(s) 0 o Badacl : files with a corrupted ACL7 o Besttry : files marked contiguous-best-tryh4 o Scratch : files marked as scratch files7 o Nocharge : files not charged against quotac4 o Nomove : files marked NoMove (VMS 5.5+): o Locked : files with the deaccess lock bit set/ o Marked : files marked for deletion 9 o Noshelvable : files which can not be shelved 0 o Isshelved : files which are shelved< The several characteristics can be combined in one= command.If you want a logical OR behaviour in stead? of the default AND behaviour, you can use the special  option MATCH=OR eg:iC SEARCH disk/CHAR=(NOMOVE,DIR,MATCH=OR) ________________________ /CREATED=option(,option) /CREATED=option(,option) /CREATED=option(,option)t8 The /CREATED qualifier is used to search files= depending on their creation date. The options are :s! o /CREATED=BEFORE=date: o /CREATED=SINCE=date= These 2 options can be used to get files which have: a creation date before or after a specific date.< The BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command. 10-5 10-5 10-5t  J SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH command2 SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH _________________________ /EXCLUDE=(file1,file2...) /EXCLUDE=(file1,file2...) /EXCLUDE=(file1,file2...) : This qualifier is used to exclude files from the? search. You can use wildcard filenames ; you can also # specifiy a list of files. ________________________ /EXPIRED=option(,option) /EXPIRED=option(,option) /EXPIRED=option(,option) 8 The /EXPIRED qualifier is used to search files= depending on their expiration date. The options are :a! o /EXPIRED=BEFORE=dateo o /EXPIRED=SINCE=date o /EXPIRED=NONE8 The NONE option gives files which don't have a= expiration date recorded.The other 2 options can be ? used to get files which have a expiration date beforel? or after a specific date. The BEFORE and SINCE optionc) can be combined in one command.U[ ____________ /FID=file-id /FID=file-id /FID=file-id = The /FID qualifier is a special function of SEARCH. ; It directs SEARCH to go directly to the specified = file without processing the rest of the Index file. @ Therefore, you cannot combine this qualifierwith other= search qualifiers such as /FILE. Normally a file-id? consists is in the form (x,y,z) where x is the number @ of the file header within INDEXF.SYS y is the sequence? number, and z is the Relative Volume Number. You only = need to specifiy the x value in the /FID qualifier._ ______________________ /FILE=(file1,file2...) /FILE=(file1,file2...) /FILE=(file1,file2...) ; This qualifier is used to search for files with ae= specific file name.You can use wildcard file names;e/ also you can specify a list of files._ _____________________ /FORMAT=format-string /FORMAT=format-string /FORMAT=format-stringE< Create an output fil>e in a format described by the8 format string. The string must contain the !AS8 directive (this must be uppercase). At the !AS, 10-6 10-6 10-6  SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH SEARCH SEARCHo< location the resultant filename will be filled in., The /OUTPUT qualifier is required. ___________________________________ /FRAGMENT(=(MINIMUM=nr,MAXIMUM=nr)) /FRAGMENT(=(MINIMUM=nr,MAXIMUM=nr)) /FRAGMENT(=(MINIMUM=nr,MAXIMUM=nr)) = This qualifier displays the number of fragments and"@ file headers of each file found. You can further limit; the files found by using the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM=  options. For example:d) DFU> disk/FRAG0 DFU> disk/FRAG=min=10: DFU> disk/FRAG=(min=10,max=100)? _____ /FULL /FULL /FULL = If you use this qualifier , SEARCH will give a fulli< output for each file found. This output is a look-= alike of the output from DIRECTORY/FULL. You cannotg8 combine this qualifier with /SORT or /SUMMARY.? _____ /HOME /HOME /HOMEq; This qualifier directs search to give output from ; the disk's home block. SEARCH uses the home block_? for calculating the free and used file headers within  INDEXF.SYS.e _____________________ __ ___ /(NO)IDENT=identifier or uic /(NO)IDENT=identifier or uic /(NO)IDENT=identifier or uict6 You can search for files owned by a specific? identifier or uic. Any valid uic or identifier formatE? may be used. Another way is the /OWNER_UIC qualifier;= you cannot combine these 2 qualifiers in one SEARCH > command. Issueing /NOIDENT directs DFU to search for= files NOT owned by this IDENTIFIER, eg: DFU> SEARCH-' sys$sysdevice/NOIDENT=SYSTEM. _________________________ /LBN=logical-block-number /LBN=logical-block-number /LBN=logical-block-number = The /LBN qualifier is a special function of SEARCH.9 This allows you to find a file which contains a ; specific LBN. This may be usefull if you have bad 10-7 10-7 10-7_ _ _J SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH command2 SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH< blocks logged in the error log. You cannot combine4 /LBN with search qualifiers such as /FILE. __________________ __ __________ /(NO)OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier /(NO)OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier /(NO)OWNER_UIC=uic or identifierY8 This qualifier is used to get files owned by a6 specific uic or identifier. Any valid uic or@ identifier format may be used. You cannot combine this< qualifier with /IDENT. Specifying /NOOWNER directs: DFU to search for files NOT owned by this UIC or identifier. _________________________ /MODIFIED=option(,option) /MODIFIED=option(,option) /MODIFIED=option(,option)i9 The /MODIFIED qualifier is used to search files? depending on their modification date. The options are : " o /MODIFIED=BEFORE=date! o /MODIFIED=SINCE=date = These 2 options can be used to get files which have> a modification date before or after a specific date.< The BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command.O _________ /MULTIPLE /MULTIPLE /MULTIPLEu@ This qualifier searches for files which have more than 1 file header.O _________ /NOSEARCH /NOSEARCH /NOSEARCHs= This qualifier can only be used in combination withm> /HOME. It is used to get the Homeblock info, without$ searching the entire disk.O _________ /NOVOLSET /NOVOLSET /NOVOLSET : The default behaviour of SEARCH is to process an< entire volume set. You can override this behaviour? with /NOVOLSET. This may be usefull when doing a /LBNo search. , 10-8 10-8 10-8 t o SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH [ ____________ /OUTPUT=file /OUTPUT=file /OUTPUT=file ? This qualifier redirects the output from SEARCH to ans= output file.This file can later be used as input tot0 the DEFRAG , DIRECTORY or SET command.o _________________ /OVER_ALLOCATED=n /OVER_ALLOCATED=n /OVER_ALLOCATED=n = Searches for files where the difference between the 9 used and allocated size is at least 'n' blocks.iG _______ /PLACED /PLACED /PLACEDl9 Checks for files which have a placement controli< retrieval pointer.This is sometimes set by non-DEC( disk defragmentation programs. ___________________________________ /SIZE=(minimum=size1,maximum=size2) /SIZE=(minimum=size1,maximum=size2) /SIZE=(minimum=size1,maximum=size2)1: The /SIZE qualifier is used to limit files found; by their file size.You can either use minimum= oro@ maximum= or use both options together. SEARCH will use? the actual file size for selecting files, except wheni+ the /ALLOCATED qualifier is used. ? _____ /SORT /SORT /SORT 9 This qualifier will sort the files found before = being output. You can combine this with the /OUTPUT 7 qualifier (the default output is SYS$OUTPUT). W ___________ /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /STATISTICS = This qualifier displays the performance statistics: 5 CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. K ________ /SUMMARY /SUMMARY /SUMMARY ; This qualifier will limit the output to the total > number of files found, with their size (and optional; the fragmentation when /FRAG is used). You cannot & combine /SUMMARY with /FULL. ___________________________________________________ /VERSION_NUMBER=(minimum=version1,maximum=version2) /VERSION_NUMBER=(minimum=version1,maximum=version2) /VERSION_NUMBER=(minimum=version1,maximum=version2) @ The /VERSION_NUMBER qualifier is used search for files: within a range of specific file version numbers.< Logfiles which are produced with the same name may 10-9 10-9 10-9i t eJ SEARCH command SEARCH command SEARCH command2 SEARCH SEARCH SEARCH; pose problems when they reach the maximum versionT= number (32767). Using /VERSION=MIN=32000 is a quick! way to find such files.e/ 10-10 10-10 10-10l  SEARCH SEARCH SEARCHu 10-11 10-11 10-11   SET command SET command SET commandHA _______________________________________________________l) 11 SET 11 SET 11 SET9 This chapter describes the SET command with the , related parameters and qualifiers.L __________________________________________________________________D 11.1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction> The SET command allows you to modify file attributes< which can't be modified through DCL commands. Note@ that you should be carefull about using this function;> you may easily corrupt files. NOTE: This much wanted? functionality is finally introduced in VMS 6.0 with a ? new DCL command $SET FILE/ATTRIBUTES. Still DFU's SET ? has some options which are not in SET FILE/ATTRIBUTES * (such as setting a BACKUP date).L __________________________________________________________________w 11.2 UIC and identifier processing 11.2 UIC and identifier processing 11.2 UIC and identifier processing 9 As of this version of DFU the /OWNER and /IDENTd; qualifier now accepts all valid uic or identifiero0 formats. See chapter 10.5 for details.A _______________________________________________________e) SET SET SET ! Modify file attributes.nA _______________________________________________________ 2 FORMAT FORMAT FORMAT SET SET SET _____________________ file1,file2,...,@file file1,file2,...,@file file1,file2,...,@fileo 11-1 11-1 11-1c y fA SET command SET command SET command ) SET SET SETA _______________________________________________________h> PARAMETERS PARAMETERS PARAMETERS _____________________ file1,file2,...,@file file1,file2,...,@file file1,file2,...,@fileT8 The files to be modified. The attributes to be@ modified are specified with qualifiers. Wildcards area? allowed in the filename. An indirect file can be usede? by using the @ sign. This allows processing of a filed0 list produced by a DFU SEARCH command.A _______________________________________________________ > QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERSo _________________ /BACKUP_DATE=date /BACKUP_DATE=date /BACKUP_DATE=date c ______________ /NOBACKUP_DATE /NOBACKUP_DATE /NOBACKUP_DATE ? Controls whether a new backup date is assigned to the < specified files. Specify the date according to the> rules described in Chapter 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts< Manual. Absolute date keywords are allowed. If you= specify 0 as the date, today's date is used. If you > specify /NOBACKUP_DATE the Backup date field will be cleared.G _______ /BADACL /BADACL /BADACL)O _________ /NOBADACL /NOBADACL /NOBADACLr> Sets or resets the 'BADACL' flag in the file header.? This enables deletion of a file with a corrupted ACL.wk ________________ /BUCKETSIZE=size /BUCKETSIZE=size /BUCKETSIZE=size : Sets a new value for the bucket size in the file header.aK ________ /CONFIRM /CONFIRM /CONFIRM { __________ _________ /NOCONFIRM (default) /NOCONFIRM (default) /NOCONFIRM (default) : Controls whether a request is issued before each@ individual SET operation to confirm that the operation; should be performed on that file. When the system ? issues the prompt, you can issue any of the followinga responses:, 11-2 11-2 11-2  SET command SET command SET command SET SET SET 1 YES NO QUIT 3 TRUE FALSE CTRL/Z 0 1 0 ALL+ e= You can use any combination of upper- and lowercaser; letters for word responses. Word responses can beu= abbreviated to one or more letters (for example, T,_< TR, or TRU for TRUE). Affirmative answers are YES,= TRUE, and 1. Negative answers are NO, FALSE, 0, andn? . QUIT or CTRL/Z indicates that you want to stop @ processing the command at that point. When you respond< with ALL, the command continues to process, but no; further prompts are given. If you type a response > other than one of those in the list, the prompt will be reissued.{ ____________________ /CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY /CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY /CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRYh ______________________ /NOCONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY /NOCONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY /NOCONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRYD= Sets or resets the 'CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY' bit in thei file header.w ___________________ /CREATION_DATE=date /CREATION_DATE=date /CREATION_DATE=datenk ________________ /NOCREATION_DATE /NOCREATION_DATE /NOCREATION_DATEh= Controls whether a new creation date is assigned tor@ the specified files. Specify the date according to the> rules described in Chapter 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts< Manual. Absolute date keywords are allowed. If you>6 specify 0 as the date, today's date is used.S __________ /DIRECTORY /DIRECTORY /DIRECTORY [ ____________ /NODIRECTORY /NODIRECTORY /NODIRECTORY ; Sets or resets the directory attribute of a file.< This qualifier allows you to set the directory bit; of a file which was mistakingly reset by the 'SET < FILE/NODIRECTORY' command. If it is done on a non-< directory file, then access to that directory will% give a 'BADIRECTORY' error.n 11-3 11-3 11-3   A SET command SET command SET command ) SET SET SETng _______________ /EBLOCK[=block] /EBLOCK[=block] /EBLOCK[=block] ; This qualifier will reset the end-of-file mark to : the highest block allocated if no block has been? specified. Otherwise the end-of-file mark will be setf! to the specified block.__ _____________ /EBYTE[=byte] /EBYTE[=byte] /EBYTE[=byte]I; This qualifier will set the end-of-file byte markM; to the highest byte if it has not been specified.e@ Otherwise the end-of-file byte mark will be set to the specified byte.e _____________________ /EXPIRATION_DATE=date /EXPIRATION_DATE=date /EXPIRATION_DATE=date s __________________ /NOEXPIRATION_DATE /NOEXPIRATION_DATE /NOEXPIRATION_DATE_< Controls whether an expiration date is assigned to@ the specified files. Specify the date according to the> rules described in Chapter 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts< Manual. Absolute date keywords are allowed. If you6 specify 0 as the date, today's date is used. _________________ __ ___ /IDENT=identifier or uic /IDENT=identifier or uic /IDENT=identifier or uicm> Modify the file ownership. See also /OWNER_UIC. This; allows modification of the file-ownership even ife? the file is open, eg. INDEXF.SYS. You cannot use bothd /IDENT and /OWNER_UIC.G _______ /LOCKED /LOCKED /LOCKED O _________ /NOLOCKED /NOLOCKED /NOLOCKEDu9 This qualifier will lock a file for future use.y< Nothing else can then be done with the file, until= it is unlocked (which can also be done with the VMSN 'UNLOCK' command.fc ____ _________ /LOG (default) /LOG (default) /LOG (default)TC ______ /NOLOG /NOLOG /NOLOGo< Controls whether the SET command displays the file> specification of each file after the modification is made.H, 11-4 11-4 11-4 n n SET command SET command SET command SET SET SET c ______________ /MAXREC=record /MAXREC=record /MAXREC=recordi? Sets a new value for the maximum record number in the_ file header. _____________________ /ORGANIZATION=keyword /ORGANIZATION=keyword /ORGANIZATION=keywordr? The following keywords are used as parameters for thei? ORGANIZATION qualifier: DIRECT, INDEXED, RELATIVE andY< SEQUENTIAL. This will allow you to modify the file> organization type in the file header. Of course this9 won't change the real organization of the file._ ______________ __ __________ /OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier /OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier /OWNER_UIC=uic or identifierl< Modify the file ownership to an uic or identifier.@ See also /IDENT. This allows modification of the file-= ownership even if the file is open, eg. INDEXF.SYS. 4 You cannot use both /IDENT and /OWNER_UIC. ______________________ /RECATTRIBUTES=keyword /RECATTRIBUTES=keyword /RECATTRIBUTES=keyword ; The following keywords are used as parameters for > the RECATTRIBUTES qualifier: NONE, FORTRAN, IMPLIED,= PRINT and NOSPAN. This will allow you to modify thee< file's record attributes in the file header. NONE,@ FORTRAN, IMPLIED and PRINT are mutually exclusive, but= can be used in combination with NOSPAN. When NOSPANH= is omitted SPAN is assumed (the default is to allow- records to cross block boundaries). _ _____________ /RECSIZE=size /RECSIZE=size /RECSIZE=size : Sets a new value for the record size in the file header.Tk ________________ /RECTYPE=keyword /RECTYPE=keyword /RECTYPE=keywordt? The following keywords are used as parameters for theC? RECTYPE qualifier: FIXED, STREAM, STREAMCR, STREAMLF,C= UNDEFINED, VARIABLE and VFC. This will allow you toA; modify the file's record type in the file header. 11-5 11-5 11-5   A SET command SET command SET commands) SET SET SETuw ___________________ /REVISION_DATE=date /REVISION_DATE=date /REVISION_DATE=date_k ________________ /NOREVISION_DATE /NOREVISION_DATE /NOREVISION_DATEr= Controls whether a revision date is assigned to thel< specified files. Specify the date according to the> rules described in Chapter 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts< Manual. Absolute date keywords are allowed. If you6 specify 0 as the date, today's date is used.c ______________ /RVCOUNT=count /RVCOUNT=count /RVCOUNT=countm= Sets a new value for the revision count in the files header.ZG _______ /UPDATE /UPDATE /UPDATElw _________ _________ /NOUPDATE (default) /NOUPDATE (default) /NOUPDATE (default)g; Normally the file's revision date will be updatedl< after any modification to it. SET however disables? this update (otherwise the REVISION date could not be ? set). Specify this qualifier if you want the revisionb date to be updated. _ _____________ /VFCSIZE=size /VFCSIZE=size /VFCSIZE=size? Sets a new value for the VFC size in the file header. @ This value will only be used with the VFC record type., 11-6 11-6 11-6  SET SET SET 11-7 11-7 11-7  V IA _______________________________________________________l8 12 UNDELETE 12 UNDELETE 12 UNDELETE> This chapter describes the UNDELETE command with the, related parameters and qualifiers.L __________________________________________________________________D 12.1 Introduction 12.1 Introduction 12.1 Introduction> The UNDELETE function is designed to recover deleted> files, if possible. UNDELETE operates in a safe mode> such that it first checks if the deleted file header? and diskblocks are still available. Only in that case6= will the file be recovered. Otherwise UNDELETE will @ leave the disk unmodified. UNDELETE has some powerfull options:@ o Generate a list of recoverable files with the /LIST< qualifier. This qualifier will not undelete any> file, and therefore it does not lock up the disk.1 o Undelete multiple files in one pass. = o Make file selections based on the owner with the( /OWNER or /IDENT qualifier.< o Undeleted files which cannot be entered back in: their original directory will be moved to the: [SYSLOST] directory. This saves an additional( ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR action. 12-1 12-1 12-1_ _ _8 UNDELETE UNDELETE UNDELETEL __________________________________________________________________V 12.2 How Undelete works 12.2 How Undelete works 12.2 How Undelete works4 The UNDELETE command operates as follows :3 1 Lock the volume. In the same manner asnA ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR and SET VOLUME /REBUILD Undelete: locks the disk for other writers such that no> modifications to the INDEXF, BITMAP or QUOTA file can be made.y@ 2 Search the INDEXF.SYS file if the requested file isA still there. A check is made if it really is a validT! deleted file header.? 3 Checks if the deleted file header and all possible / extension headers are still valid. ? 4 Checks if the blocks previously owned by this file_ are still free.A 5 If all these conditions are met DFU will display the . file and asks for a confirmation.A 6 Rebuilds all of the deleted file headers and bitmapse; in memory. If no errors are found all the filet> headers and bitmaps are written back to disk. The; files original backlink is saved in a table in  memory.= 7 If appropiate the blocks and headers are charged_ against diskquota.? 8 When all of INDEXF.SYS has been scanned the volume  is unlocked. 9 9 The file(s) is (are) entered in the originale? directory if possible, using the table build up iniA memory. If the enter command fails (probably because = the original directory is gone) the file will be A entered in [SYSLOST]. DFU will create this directory  if needed.y, 12-2 12-2 12-2 n UNDELETE UNDELETE UNDELETES@ If the /LIST qualifier is used, DFU will just list the@ recoverable files without performing any action on the, disk. The disk will not be locked.< It is important to note that during the bitmap and; file header processing any error will immediatelye> terminate the recovery process, and unlock the disk.? Files which have been recovered up to that point will = still be entered in the appropiate directory. As no= wrong information has been written back to the diskS7 this should leave the disk in a proper state. ; NOTE: The blocks recovered will NOT be subtracted 8 from the Volume's free block count. To get the; actual freeblock count a SET VOLUME/REBUILD=FORCEh> is necessary. Also a complete reMOUNT will reset the freeblock count.? IMPORTANT: DFU takes care to recover only files whoseo< original blocks are free. However these blocks may< have been modified in the meantime by another file? which also has been deleted. Therefore each recoveredw? file must be checked manually to check its integrity. ) Example of a Undelete session : 5 DFU> undel $1$dua102:/list H Recoverable file [TEST]CHANGE_UIC.FOR;2 foundF Recoverable file [TEST]CHECK_ID.FOR;1 foundG Recoverable file [TEST]CHKPRDIMG.FOR;1 foundZD Recoverable file [TEST]CHRLEN.FOR;1 found; DFU> undel/file=*.for $1$DUA102:_A %DFU-I-READBMAP, Reading BITMAP.SYS... E %DFU-W-LOCKED, Volume now LOCKED for writeIC %DFU-I-UNDEL, Start search on $1$DUA102:h 12-3 12-3 12-3s a o8 UNDELETE UNDELETE UNDELETEH Recoverable file [TEST]CHANGE_UIC.FOR;2 found; Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : n F Recoverable file [TEST]CHECK_ID.FOR;1 found; Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : y E %DFU-S-RECOVER, File succesfully recovered A %DFU-I-ADDQUOTA, updating diskquota... G Recoverable file [TEST]CHKPRDIMG.FOR;1 foundI; Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : n D Recoverable file [TEST]CHRLEN.FOR;1 found; Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : y E %DFU-S-RECOVER, File succesfully recoveredoA %DFU-I-ADDQUOTA, updating diskquota...m9 %DFU-I-UNLOCK, Volume unlockedrI %DFU-I-ENTER, Entering file(s) in directory...Z %DFU-S-ENTERED, File CHECK_ID.FOR entered in original directoryX %DFU-S-ENTERED, File CHRLEN.FOR entered in original directory$ DFU> EXITL __________________________________________________________________e 12.3 Files marked for delete 12.3 Files marked for delete 12.3 Files marked for delete 9 Normally DFU does not undelete files marked forh: delete. This version introduces a new qualifier,= /MARKED , which specifically undeletes files markedS= for delete. This allows the recovery of files whichb= >are deleted but still open, such as INSTALLed files_> or even recovery of the system dump file SYSDUMP.DMP* whenever such a file is deleted.L __________________________________________________________________w 12.4 UIC and identifier processing 12.4 UIC and identifier processing 12.4 UIC and identifier processinge9 As of this version of DFU the /OWNER and /IDENT1; qualifier now accepts all valid uic or identifierw/ formats. See chapter 9.5 for details.t, 12-4 12-4 12-4 _ UNDELETE command UNDELETE command UNDELETE commandu UNDELETE UNDELETE UNDELETE-A _______________________________________________________i8 UNDELETE UNDELETE UNDELETE8 Recover one or more deleted files on a device.A _______________________________________________________ 2 FORMAT FORMAT FORMAT UNDELETE UNDELETE UNDELETE _________ device[:] device[:] device[:]A _______________________________________________________r> PARAMETERS PARAMETERS PARAMETERSC ______ device device deviced< The device on which to undelete one or more files.= The device will be write-locked during the undeleteE process.A _______________________________________________________y> QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERSc ______________ /FILE=filename /FILE=filename /FILE=filename: The file to be recovered. Wildcards may be used.9 If a matching file is found Undelete will ask aA< confirmation. If a certain file is confirmed, that> file will be recovered if possible, and control will@ be returned to the DFU> prompt. If the /FILE qualifier, is omitted DFU will assume *.*;* . _________________ __ ___ /IDENT=identifier or uic /IDENT=identifier or uic /IDENT=identifier or uic6 You can search for files owned by a specific: identifier or uic. Another way is the /OWNER_UIC< qualifier; you cannot combine these 2 qualifier in one UNDELETE command.o ________________________ /LIST(=output-file-name) /LIST(=output-file-name) /LIST(=output-file-name)g; Generate a list of recoverable files. No undeleteE? will take place, and the disk will not be locked. The & defaultoutput is SYS$OUTPUT. 12-5 12-5 12-5o d hP UNDELETE command UNDELETE command UNDELETE command8 UNDELETE UNDELETE UNDELETEG _______ /MARKED /MARKED /MARKED ? Consider only files marked-for-delete. Such files are @ usuallly still open by some utility, such as INSTALLed( files or the system dump file. ______________ __ __________ /OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier /OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier /OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier < This qualifier is used to select files by a uic or= identifier . You cannot combine this qualifier with  /IDENT. W ___________ /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /STATISTICS = This qualifier displays the performance statistics: 5 CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.X, 12-6 12-6 12-6  UNDELETE UNDELETE UNDELETEt 12-7 12-7 12-7_ _ _A _______________________________________________________i/ 13 SPAWN 13 SPAWN 13 SPAWN 6 The new SPAWN command creates an interactive; subprocess. This allows a quick escape to the DCL ? level from an interactive DFU session. The subprocess = has a default prompt DFU_sub$. In SMG mode the _< key also performs a SPAWN command. You must logout2 explicitly to return to the DFU session. 13-1 13-1 13-1,  A _______________________________________________________n2 14 VERIFY 14 VERIFY 14 VERIFY< This chapter describes the VERIFY command with the, related parameters and qualifiers.L __________________________________________________________________D 14.1 Introduction 14.1 Introduction 14.1 Introduction; The VERIFY command makes an analysis of the disk,w= scanning for file and disk structure errors. VERIFY < performs almost all of the checks normally done by= a ANALYZE/DISK command. But VERIFY is several timesC= faster than ANALYZE/DISK, and using less resources.A9 VERIFY checks and reports the following errors: < o Checks the logical information contained in the disks HOME block . o Reports files marked for deletion: o Reports mismatches in the index file's bitmap" o Checks all backlinks.. o Reports multiple allocated blocksA o Reports blocks incorrectly marked free and allocated_# o Reports all lost files A o Checks for mismatches between blocks used and blocks_? charged in QUOTA.SYS. (Only done when diskquota isA enabled)N 14-1 14-1 14-1   a2 VERIFY VERIFY VERIFYL __________________________________________________________________\ 14.2 Basic repair actions 14.2 Basic repair actions 14.2 Basic repair actions> The /FIX qualifier can be used to perform some basic> repair actions. Unlike ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR this does? not lock the disk! /FIX repairs the following errors: : o Deletes file marked for delete (if possible).@ o Recovers lost files and directories into [SYSLOST].8 o Recovers a very rare problem which will get= ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR into a computable loop (This @ problem is fixed in VMS V6.2 or with the VERI02_061 patch kit).> o Recovers a corrupted backlink for the Master File" Directory 000000.DIR.L __________________________________________________________________V 14.3 Directory scanning 14.3 Directory scanning 14.3 Directory scanning< This version of DFU introduces the new /DIRECTORY_@ SCAN qualifier. This qualifier directs DFU to scan all= directories on the disk. This has some advantages : < o Better detection of some cases of 'lost' files.= Combined with the /FIX qualifier DFU may be able= to recover such files into the correct directory 7 instead of moving such files to [SYSLOST]. = o Detects and fixes file-id mismatches between the / directory and the INDEXF.SYS file.@ o Using the /DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifier makes DFU fully* compatible with ANALYZE/DISK.= Please note that a complete directory scan may takeU& several minutes to complete., 14-2 14-2 14-2 _ _ VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY L __________________________________________________________________e 14.4 Advanced repair actions 14.4 Advanced repair actions 14.4 Advanced repair actions < The /REBUILD qualifier can be used to perform some> more repair actions. This will however lock the disk> (like a DCL $SET VOLUME/REBUILD=FORCE command) for a> short period of time (usually less than 30 seconds).1 /REBUILD repairs the following errors : @ o Mismatches in the INDEXF.SYS bitmap (files reported3 with the NOBITSET and NOBITCLR errors)e? o Blocks incorrectly marked allocated or free in the BITMAP.SYS.. o Mismatches in the diskquota file.; Note that /REBUILD does NOT change the disks freeY block count.L __________________________________________________________________Y 14.5 Interpreting errors 14.5 Interpreting errors 14.5 Interpreting errors < On a system (cluster) wide mounted disk there will@ probably be concurrent disk activity during the VERIFY@ command. Therefore VERIFY may report some errors which@ are not really errors. Try running VERIFY 2 or 3 times; to see if the errors are reported again. To get a > really consistent report from VERIFY you can use the? /LOCK qualifier. This will write-lock the disk duringa@ the VERIFY run, so don't use this qualifier too often.< (The /REPAIR qualifier of ANALYZE/DISK also write-@ locks the disk). Even if DFU ends ungracefully the DFU3 exit handler will always UNLOCK the disk.h 14-3 14-3 14-3i  2 VERIFY VERIFY VERIFYL __________________________________________________________________M 14.6 Error reporting 14.6 Error reporting 14.6 Error reporting 5 An example of a typical VERIFY run follows:b- DFU> VERIFY mydiske; %DFU-I-VERIFY, Verifying MYDISK:tF %DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OKA %DFU-I-IFSCAN, Scanning INDEXF.SYS ... C %DFU-I-CHKBITMAP, Checking BITMAP.SYS...rE %DFU-I-CHKLOST, Checking for lost files...XA %DFU-I-CHKQUOTA, Checking QUOTA.SYS... < DFU> VERIFY/REBUILD sys$sysdeviceA %DFU-W-LOCKED, Volume now write locked B %DFU=I-VERIFY, Verifying SYS$SYSDEVICE:F %DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OKf %DFU-W-DELETED, file (620,351,1) RSF_DI_RSF_SERVER0.TMP;3 marked for delete` %DFU-W-DELETED, file (6349,173,1) DCLTABLES.EXE;937 marked for deleteg %DFU-W-DELETED, file (19745,35,1) RSF_DI_RSF_SERVER0.TMP;3 marked for delete C %DFU-I-CHKBITMAP, Checking BITMAP.SYS...ik %DFU-E-ALLOCCLR, blocks LBN 2667141 through 2667143 incorrectly marked allocated k %DFU-E-ALLOCCLR, blocks LBN 2667153 through 2667161 incorrectly marked allocated  . .K %DFU-S-RBDBITMAP, BITMAP.SYS succesfully rebuildaE %DFU-I-CHKLOST, Checking for lost files... 9 %DFU-I-UNLOCK, Volume unlockedo DFU>S1 VERIFY can report the following errors:a5 ALLOCCLR, blocks incorrectly marked allocated,sU Severity: Severity: Severity: ERRORe Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: Blocks were found which are not allocated = by a file but set in the BITMAP file. This error is? often seen when VERIFY is run and there is concurrent < file activity on the disk. Also, if after a system? crash the disk is mounted with /NOREBUILD such blocks , 14-4 14-4 14-4 t i VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY @ may exist. ReRun VERIFY with /LOCK to see if the error is still there.] User Action: User Action: User Action: Run VERIFY/REBUILD to rebuild the BITMAP file.20 ALLOCSET, blocks incorrectly marked free,U Severity: Severity: Severity: ERRORt Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: Blocks were found which are allocated by> a file but not set in the BITMAP file. This error is? often seen when VERIFY is run and there is concurrent < file activity on the disk. Also, if after a system? crash the disk is mounted with /NOREBUILD such blocksb@ may exist. ReRun VERIFY with /LOCK to see if the error is still there. User Action: User Action: User Action: Run VERIFY/REBUILD to rebuild the BITMAP file. / BADBLOCK, file has suspected bad blocks,eU Severity: Severity: Severity: ERROR Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: A file has suspected bad blocks. This is= likely to be caused by hardware errors on the disk. User Action: User Action: User Action: Try to copy the file to another location. # Also check the Error Log.a2 BADEXTLNK, link to extension header broken,U Severity: Severity: Severity: ERRORr Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: VERIFY tries to follow the extension link-? of the file and it> failed, or the extension header is  invalid. User Action: User Action: User Action: Try ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR. However, this> may be an unrepairable error, in which case the file+ will be corrupted and unreliable.s 14-5 14-5 14-5  2 VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY@ BADMFDLNK, directory has backlink to 000000.DIR on RVN n,U Severity: Severity: Severity: ERROR_ Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: A directory has a backlink to a Master= file directory other than the one on RVN 1. This isd> incorrect, but the only way to recover is to reenter> the directory manually into the 000000.DIR on RVN 1. User Action: User Action: User Action: Do a SET FILE/ENTER into the 000000.DIR @ directory on RVN 1, then do a SET FILE/REMOVE from the wrong 000000.DIR. ' DELETED, file marked for delete, W Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNING Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: A file was found marked for deletion._= Such files usually exists as a result of file beingL? deleted while it was still INSTALLed , or as a resulti> of a system crash. It is not considered as an error.? You can try to delete such files by using VERIFY/FIX. ' ERRHOME, Home block info not OK,UU Severity: Severity: Severity: ERROR Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: The Info contained in the Home Block was& not consistent or corrupted. User Action: User Action: User Action: Run ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR to try to fix them error., INVBAKFID, file has invalid backlink,U Severity: Severity: Severity: ERROR_ Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: The files backlink file id is not filled? in. This is likely to be a lost file. (Note that oncee< VERIFY reports this error, it will not be reported@ again during the LOSTFILE check). But is also possible= that the file is in a valid directory, but that thei, Backlink file id is not filled in. User Action: User Action: User Action: Run ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR. If the file is = in a valid directory the backlink will be repaired.u, 14-6 14-6 14-6 o a VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY ; Otherwise the file will be moved to the [SYSLOST] = directory. You can also use VERIFY/FIX but then the: file will unconditionally be moved to [SYSLOST].' LOCKED, file is deaccess locked,iW Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNING Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: The file is deaccess locked. This may be% a result of a system crash.d User Action: User Action: User Action: Try to unlock the file with the DFU SET - command, or the DCL UNLOCK command. 5 LOSTHDR1, file found in nonexistent directory, W Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNINGm Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: During the lost file check a file was=; discovered in a nonexistent directory. This error < can be caused as follows : set a directory file to$ NODIRECTORY and delete it. User Action: User Action: User Action: Run VERIFY/FIX to move the file to the [SYSLOST] directory.; LOSTHDR2, file found in directory with bad backlink,sW Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNING} Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: During the lost file check a file ; was discovered in a valid directory. However, the > directory has an invalid backlink. This error can be@ caused by doing a SET FILE/REMOVE of a directory file. User Action: User Action: User Action: Run VERIFY/FIX to move the directory to ? the [SYSLOST] directory. Then move the directory back = to the correct location. The files in the directory$ should be accesible again. 14-7 14-7 14-7e  2 VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY1 LOSTHDR3, file found in invalid directory,MW Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNINGx Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: During the lost file check a file was 8 discovered in a directory which is not a valid= directory. Either the file has a wrong backlink, or = the directory file has the directory file attribute not set. User Action: User Action: User Action: Look up the directory and use DFU SET to= set the directory bit. If the directory file was OKa7 then run VERIFY/FIX to recover the lost file._* LOSTHDR4, not found in a directory,W Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNINGa Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: When the /DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifier ist> used , DFU detects files which have a valid backlink> but which are not seen in the directory. This can be repaired with /FIX. User Action: User Action: User Action: Using /FIX will enter these files in the correct directory., MULTALLOC, blocks multiple allocated,U Severity: Severity: Severity: ERROR Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: A file has blocks allocated which alreadyp> belong to another file. Note that VERIFY will make a@ second pass through INDEXF.SYS to report all the files@ involved. This is a serious error, and may be a result> of a disk being mounted on two seperated VAXClusters( (or a partitioned VAXCluster). User Action: User Action: User Action: Copy all the files found to another ; location. Next all the files must be deleted. Run_@ VERIFY/REBUILD to repair the BITMAP. All the afflicted= files must be manually inspected to see which fileso, are valid and which are corrupted., 14-8 14-8 14-8 n e VERIFY VERIFY VERIFYc1 NOBITCLR, Deleted file header marked BUSY,rW Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNING Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: A file was deleted. The corresponding bite= in the INDEXF bitmap should be cleared but is still_+ set. This is not a serious error._ User Action: User Action: User Action: Run VERIFY/REBUILD to fix the error./ NOBITSET, index file bitmap bit not set, W Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNINGT| Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: A valid file was found , but the< corresponding index file bitmap bit is clear. This! is not a serious error. User Action: User Action: User Action: Run VERIFY/REBUILD to fix the error." NOOWNER, file has no owner,W Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNINGi Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: A file was found with UIC [0,0] as the0 owner. This is not a normal situation. User Action: User Action: User Action: Look up the file and modify the file owner.G QUOTAERR, UIC [x,y] has n blocks used, QUOTA indicates m blocks,_W Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNINGi Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: If a disk has diskquota enabled, VERIFYe; calculates the blocks used and compares them withi: the value in the QUOTA.SYS file. Any mismatch is@ reported. This error is often seen when VERIFY is run,< and there is concurrent file activity on the disk.; Also, if after a system crash the disk is mountedd@ with /NOREBUILD such Quota mismatches may exist. ReRun? VERIFY with /LOCK to see if the error is still there. User Action: User Action: User Action: Run VERIFY/REBUILD to rebuild the QUOTA 4 file. Or run a DISKQUOTA> REBUILD command. 14-9 14-9 14-9l  J VERIFY command VERIFY command VERIFY commandM Error reporting Error reporting Error reportingT, SLFBAKFID, backlink points to itself,W Severity: Severity: Severity: WARNINGc Explanation: Explanation: Explanation: This error indicates that DFU has found af< directory with a backlink pointing to itself. This9 feature is only allowed for the MFD 000000.DIR.l= This error will result in ANALYZE/DISK going into ah COMputable loop. User Action: User Action: User Action: Run VERIFY/FIX to move the directory to < the [SYSLOST] directory. Then remove the directory? entry from itself with a SET FILE/REMOVE command. The ; files in the directory should be accesible again._A _______________________________________________________ 2 VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY4 VERIFY a device for disk structure errors.A _______________________________________________________ 2 FORMAT FORMAT FORMAT VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY _________ device[:] device[:] device[:]A _______________________________________________________X> PARAMETERS PARAMETERS PARAMETERSC ______ device device device $ The device to be verified.A _______________________________________________________ > QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERS QUALIFIERSk ________________ /APPEND=filename /APPEND=filename /APPEND=filename0< This qualifier redirects the output to be appended> to an already existing file. If the output file does? not exists it will be created. You can use /APPEND or_ /OUTPUT but not both.t/ 14-10 14-10 14-10e n I VERIFY command VERIFY command VERIFY commandi VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY%g _______________ /DIRECTORY_SCAN /DIRECTORY_SCAN /DIRECTORY_SCAN ? Performs a full directory scan. This may take up somew= time, but it allows detection of mismatches betweenc) the directories and INDEXF.SYS.e; ____ /FIX /FIX /FIX k ______ _________ /NOFIX (default) /NOFIX (default) /NOFIX (default)r; Repair errors on the disk. File marked for deletei@ will be deleted and lost files and directories will be moved to [SYSLOST].i? _____ /LOCK /LOCK /LOCKho _______ _________ /NOLOCK (default) /NOLOCK (default) /NOLOCK (default) ; Locks the disk for file allocation/deletion. This ; gives a consistent report for the disk, but otherF? users may experience a delay when accessing the disk.F= The device will be unlocked a the end of the VERIFYe command.k ________________ /OUTPUT=filename /OUTPUT=filename /OUTPUT=filename < This qualifier redirects the output to a file. The< output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT. CAUTION: if you> use /LOCK in combination with /OUTPUT be carefull to< specify an outputfile on ANOTHER disk, or DFU will% finish with a severe error. K ________ /REBUILD /REBUILD /REBUILDs{ __________ _________ /NOREBUILD (default) /NOREBUILD (default) /NOREBUILD (default)t= Perform a volume rebuild. Using this qualifier willk4 temporarily lock the disk for other users.W ___________ /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /STATISTICS = This qualifier displays the performance statistics: 5 CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.I 14-11 14-11 14-11n  2 VERIFY VERIFY VERIFY/ 14-12 14-12 14-12 0[SYSHLP]DFU024.PS\Y\X]dLs(|r YY00>%!PS-Adobe-3.0%%Title: DFUI024%%Creator: VAX DOCUMENT V3.0BI%%Copyright: 1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991 DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION.%%+All Rights Reserved.(%%CreationDate: Wed Aug 21 1996 11:04:51%%For: DORLAND %%BoundingBox: (atend)%%DocumentData: Clean7Bit%%LanguageLevel: 1%%Orientation: Portrait%%Pages: (atend)%%PageOrder: Ascend%%DocumentFonts: (atend) %%DocumentNeededFonts: (atend) &%%DocumentProcSets: Underlay Color5044.%%DocumentSuppliedProcSets: Underlay Color5044 %%DocumentProcessColors: (atend)%%DocumentCustomColors: (atend) %%EndComments$%+++TTI changes : added ROTB back in>%+++ : added 1000 ROTB = begin special code example<%+++ : added 1001 ROTB = end special code example0%+++ : added 1002 ROTB = digital logo%!%%BeginResource: procset Underlay%%CreationDate: (2/10/92)%C% In VAX DOCUMENT V2.1-1, simple EPSF files up to 65,000 bytes long@% may be an underlay. Define the EPSF as a PostScript proceedureD% called /UNDERLAY and prefix to DOCUMENT's PS output For example:.&% /UNDERLAY ( EPSF code here ) cvx def%=% To create a "DRAFT" underlay change /UNDERLAY* to /UNDERLAY /UNDERLAY* ( /Note (DRAFT) def /NoteSize 120 def6 /NoteFont /Helvetica findfont NoteSize scalefont def& /Note where { pop Note length 0 gt {8 /NoteWidth NoteFont setfont Note stringwidth pop def/ PaperWidth 36 mul PaperHeight 36 mul moveto& PaperHeight PaperWidth atan rotate6 NoteWidth -2 div NoteSize .729 mul -2 div rmoveto 2 Note true charpath .075 setseparationgray fill }if }if ) cvx def %%EndResource%"%%BeginResource: procset Color5044%%CreationDate: (1/21/91)%%Version:1.0 31%Implementation of Adobe 5044 color specification5%/ndf allows command override during color separation/Color5044Dict 100 dict defColor5044Dict begin/bdf {bind def} def/ndf {1 index where {pop pop pop } {dup xcheck {bind} if def } ifelse } bdf /setcmykcolor {1 exch sub 3 " {dup 5 -1 roll sub 0 2 copy lt {exch} if pop exch } repeat pop setrgbcolor }ndf/setcmykcoloroverprint {4 {dup -1 eq {pop 0} if 4 1 roll } repeat setcmykcolor } ndf/findcmykcustomcolor {5 /packedarray where {pop packedarray } {array astore readonly } ifelse } ndf/setcustomcolor {exch aload pop pop 4 {4 index mul 4 1 roll } repeat setcmykcolor pop } ndf/setseparationgray* {1 exch sub systemdict /setgray get exec } ndf/setoverprint {pop} ndf/currentoverprint false ndf%CMYK multi-proc colorimage /colorimage {4 neH {(\nUnsupported number of colors for colorimage.\n) print flush quit } if notJ {(\nSingle procedure form colorimage unsupported.\n) print flush quit } if' save 20 dict begin /&saveobj exch defE /&Kproc exch def /&Yproc exch def /&Mproc exch def /&Cproc exch def {&Cproc &Mproc &Yproc &Kproc7 /&K exch def /&Y exch def /&M exch def /&C exch def 0 1 &K length 1 sub {/&i exch def &K &i 255 &C &i get 30 mul &M &i get 59 mul add &Y &i get 11 mul add &K &i get 100 mul add 100 idiv dup 255 gt {pop 255} if sub put } for &K } image &saveobj end restore } ndf/customcolorimage! {pop systemdict /image get exec } ndf/separationimage {systemdict /image get exec } ndfend %%EndResourceColor5044Dict begin%/DEC_DVC$dict 300 dict defDEC_DVC$dict begin%/DVC$PSJob save def%5mark % CREATE ISOLatin1Encoding if not there already/ISOLatin1Encoding0 8#000 1 8#054 {StandardEncoding exch get} for  /minus0 8#056 1 8#217 {StandardEncoding exch get} for /dotlessi 0 8#301 1 8#317 {StandardEncoding exch get} for H /space /exclamdown /cent /sterling /currency /yen /brokenbar /section G /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft /logicalnot /hyphen L /registered /macron /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior /acute E /mu /paragraph /periodcentered /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine L /guillemotright /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown /Agrave O /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla /Egrave /Eacute O /Ecircumflex /Edieresis /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis /Eth /Ntilde L /Ograve /Oacute /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply /Oslash /Ugrave M /Uacute /Ucircumflex /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls /agrave /aacute G /acircumflex /atilde /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla /egrave /eacute N /ecircumflex /edieresis /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis /eth /ntildeJ /ograve /oacute /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide /oslash /ugrave < /uacute /ucircumflex /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis 9 /ISOLatin1Encoding where not {256 array astore def} if cleartomark%,/DOCPSE ISOLatin1Encoding 256 array copy def"mark % CREATE DOCPSE ENCODING 8#055 /hyphenC 8#201 /bullet 8#202 /emdash 8#203 /endash 8#204 /daggerC 8#205 /daggerdbl 8#206 /registered 8#207 /trademark %8#210 /Delta? 8#211 /fi 8#212 /fl 8#213 /OE 8#214 /oe 8#215 /Ydieresis) counttomark -1 bitshift % DIVIDE BY 2: {DOCPSE 3 1 roll put} repeat % STACK NOW CONTAINS MARK cleartomark%3/ReENCODE { % /basefont /newfont encoding ReENCODE7 /newencoding exch def %ARG: NAME OF ENCODING VECTORC /newfontname exch def %ARG: NEW NAME FOR FONT AFTER RE-ENCODING findfont> /basefontdict exch def %ARG: NAME OF FONT TO BE RE-ENCODED? basefontdict maxlength dict begin %CREATE AND OPEN NEW DICT= basefontdict { %COPY ENTRIES FROM BASE FONT DICT TO NEW ONE 1 index /FID ne {5 def %IF NOT THE ONE WE'RE ENCODING, JUST COPY PTRS } { %else: pop pop %IGNORE FID AND ENCODING FOR ONE WE'RE ENCODING } ifelse } forall, /FontName newfontname def %DEFINE NEW NAME 6 /Encoding newencoding def %DEFINE NEW ENCODING VECTOR; newfontname currentdict definefont %TURN IT INTO A PS FONT3 pop %IGNORE MODIFIED DICT RETURNED BY DEFINEFONT end}def%/cvsstr 64 string def/tempmatrix matrix def%2% Exit page (temporarily) to add fonts/characters. /XP { }def% % Resume page,/RP {/ExampleState 0 def} def % RESUME PAGE/ExampleState 0 def%% End Page: EP/EP {DVC$PSPage restore}def%% Purge fonts to reclaim VM/PF { currentoverprint currentrgbcolor EP %Does restore PageSetup %Does save setrgbcolor setoverprint}def%% ABBREVIATIONS /S /show load def/SV /save load def/RST /restore load def%/Yadjust {Ymax exch sub} def%C/SXY { % (x,y) POSITION ABSOLUTE, JUST SET Xpos & Ypos, DON'T MOVE( Yadjust /Ypos exch def /Xpos exch def} def%$/XY { % (x,y) POSITION ABSOLUTE Yadjust moveto} def%#/X { % (x,0) POSITION ABSOLUTE currentpoint exch pop moveto} def%$/Y { % (0,y) POSITION ABSOLUTE & currentpoint pop exch Yadjust moveto} def%$/xy { % (x,y) POSITION RELATIVE neg rmoveto} def%#/x { % (x,0) POSITION RELATIVE 0 rmoveto} def%#/y { % (0,y) POSITION RELATIVE 0 exch neg rmoveto} def%/R { % Draw a rectangle$ /ht exch def /wd exch def gsave currentpoint newpath moveto 0 ht rlineto wd 0 rlineto$ 0 ht neg rlineto wd neg 0 rlineto& closepath fill grestore wd 0 rmoveto}def%3%Setup Page Media: PM/PM { /Xmax exch Resolution mul def /Ymax exch Resolution mul def /UNDERLAY where { pop3 /eps_save save def % save before EPSF underlay9 Resolution 72 div dup scale % Revert coords to points9 count array astore /DVCstack exch def % save op stack/ /dict_count countdictstack def % # of dicts" userdict begin % default dict' /showpage {}def % disable showpage 0 setgray? {UNDERLAY} stopped {(Error executing /UNDERLAY)== quit}ifD countdictstack dict_count sub {end} repeat % clean up dict stack/ clear DVCstack aload pop % restore op stack,* eps_save restore % restore after EPSF }ifA PageSetupe}def%%%Setup page coordinates1 /PageSetup{%.% /DVC$PSPage {save} def % ++cjb: fix VME bug /DVC$PSPage save def9 PortraitMode not {PaperWidth 0 translate 90 rotate} ifn /Xpos 0 def: /Ypos 0 defu}def%:)% Begin EPS file: SPB/SPB {8 Yadjust transform % convert from DVC to device coords EP % page-level restore( /eps_save save def % save before EPSF8 Resolution 72 div dup scale % Revert coords to points2 itransform % convert position back to points % translate % set position for EPSF 3 PortraitMode not {90 rotate} if % rotate for EPSF+7 count array astore /DVCstack exch def % save op stackR- /dict_count countdictstack def % # of dicts1 userdict begin % default dict% /showpage {}def % disable showpages 0 setgray }def%e% End EPS file/SPE {B countdictstack dict_count sub {end} repeat % clean up dict stack- clear DVCstack aload pop % restore op stackc( eps_save restore % restore after EPSF" PageSetup % restore DVC coords}def%!% Print-Page Routine: PP/PP {S gsavee showpage grestore}def%n&/DMF { % /font-name DMF& exch findfont exch scalefont setfont}def% 3/concatnam { % /abcd (xxx) concatnam ==> /abcdxxxu /xxx exch defm /namstr exch cvsstr cvs defe1 /newnam namstr length xxx length add string def7 newnam 0 namstr putintervale& newnam namstr length xxx putinterval newnam cvn }def%%/strip { % /abcdef 2 strip ==> /cdefp /num exch def /nam exch def /namstr nam cvsstr cvs def# /newlen namstr length num sub def $ namstr num newlen getinterval cvn}def/% ROUTINES TO HANDLE PACKING/UNPACKING NUMBERSc8/PackHW { % PackHW --> 0 /num exch def /pos exch def /target exch def: num 16#0000FFFF and 1 pos sub 16 mul bitshift target or}def</PackByte { % PackByte --> 0 /num exch def /pos exch def /target exch def: num 16#000000FF and 3 pos sub 8 mul bitshift target or}def4/UnpkHW { % UnpkHW -->  /num exch def /pos exch def0 num 1 pos sub -16 mul bitshift 16#0000FFFF and) dup 16#00007FFF gt {16#00010000 sub} ifr}def8/UnpkByte { % UnpkByte -->  /num exch def /pos exch def/ num 3 pos sub -8 mul bitshift 16#000000FF andc) dup 16#0000007F gt {16#00000100 sub} if}def% /ps-scalefont {eJ % FOR PS FONTS, LOOK AT SIZE REQUESTED. IF IT HAS A DECIMAL REMAINDERL % EQUIVALENT TO .001-.009 POINTS (I.E., .050-.450 VAXDOC UNITS), THAT'S H % A FLAG TO STRETCH IT VERTICALLY BY ADDING 1-9 EXTRA POINTS TO THE  % VERTICAL SCALING.fA % save requested size - as entered and as integer2, dup /x-size exch def cvi /x-int exch def; % calc decimal remainder, mul x 1000, round ; x-size x-int sub 1000 mul round cvi /remainder exch def % % see how we scale...l) remainder 50 lt remainder 450 gt or {K& % scale isomorphically /ystretch 0 def  x-size scalefont } { & % scale anamorphically /ystretch remainder def+ x-int ystretch add /y-size exch defm' [x-int 0 0 y-size 0 0] makefontc } ifelse}def%p(/DPSF { % /procname size /fontname DPSF< findfont exch ps-scalefont [ exch /setfont cvx ] cvx def}def%s/PXLBuildCharDict 17 dict def/CMEncodingArray 256 array def90 1 255 {CMEncodingArray exch dup cvsstr cvs cvn put} forA)/RasterConvert {RasterScaleFactor div}def/TransformBBox { aload pop#H /BB-ury exch def /BB-urx exch def /BB-lly exch def /BB-llx exch def. [ BB-llx RasterConvert BB-lly RasterConvert / BB-urx RasterConvert BB-ury RasterConvert ]/}def/RunLengthToRasters {u % none yet}def7/GenerateRasters { % GENERATE RASTERS FOR "IMAGEMASK"m1 rasters runlength 1 eq {RunLengthToRasters} if }def%p)/int-dict-name {int (-dict) concatnam}def -/int-dict {int (-dict) concatnam cvx load}defe%e/DefinePXLFont {E % ... 1 % ...[llx lly urx ury]DefinePXLFont C /newfont exch def /bb exch def /num exch def /psz exch defrC /dsz exch def /pxlmag exch def /ext exch def /int exch def 9 /fnam ext (-) concatnam pxlmag cvsstr cvs concatnam def newfont not {m int-dict-name 13 dict def/ int-dict beginF /FontType 3 def /FontMatrix [ 1 dsz div 0 0 1 dsz div 0 0 ] defC /FontBBox bb TransformBBox def /Encoding CMEncodingArray defdI /CharDict 1 dict def CharDict begin /Char-Info num array def endv /BuildChar { PXLBuildCharDict begin, /char exch def /fontdict exch defB fontdict /CharDict get /Char-Info get char get aload pop2 /rasters exch def /PackedWord1 exch def+ 0 PackedWord1 UnpkHW 16#7FFF ne { 8 /PackedWord2 exch def /wx 0 PackedWord1 UnpkHW defN /rows 2 PackedWord1 UnpkByte def /cols 3 PackedWord1 UnpkByte defM /llx 0 PackedWord2 UnpkByte def /lly 1 PackedWord2 UnpkByte defrM /urx 2 PackedWord2 UnpkByte def /ury 3 PackedWord2 UnpkByte deft }{ %elseWG /PackedWord2 exch def /PackedWord3 exch def /PackedWord4 exch defiJ /wx 1 PackedWord1 UnpkHW def /rows 0 PackedWord2 UnpkHW defI /cols 1 PackedWord2 UnpkHW def /llx 0 PackedWord3 UnpkHW defoI /lly 1 PackedWord3 UnpkHW def /urx 0 PackedWord4 UnpkHW defe) /ury 1 PackedWord4 UnpkHW defP } ifelse rows 0 lt {S( /rows rows neg def /runlength 1 def }{ %else{ /runlength 0 defE } ifelseN wx 0. llx RasterConvert lly RasterConvert < urx RasterConvert ury RasterConvert setcachedevice rows 0 ne {f gsave) cols rows true RasterScaleFactor NB 0 0 RasterScaleFactor neg llx .5 add neg ury .5 add : tempmatrix astore GenerateRasters imagemask grestore } if end }def endf! fnam int-dict definefont pop a } if c/ int-dict-name fnam findfont psz scalefont def/3 currentdict int [ int-dict /setfont cvx ] cvx put }def A/PXLF { true DefinePXLFont}def % SIGNAL THAT FONT ALREADY LOADED F/PXLNF {false DefinePXLFont}def % SIGNAL THAT FONT NOT ALREADY LOADED%s:/PXLC { % ...* % ...PXLCH /rasters exch def /runlength exch def /cols exch def /rows exch defG /ury exch def /urx exch def /lly exch def /llx exch defY7 /wx exch def /code exch def /int exch deff+ % SEE IF LONG OR SHORT FORMAT IS REQUIREDO? true cols CKSZ rows CKSZ ury CKSZ urx CKSZ lly CKSZ llx CKSZ S TackRunLengthToRows {c/ int-dict /CharDict get /Char-Info get code IC [ 0 0 llx PackByte 1 lly PackByte 2 urx PackByte 3 ury PackByte A 0 0 wx PackHW 2 rows PackByte 3 cols PackByte rasters ] put }{ %else/ int-dict /CharDict get /Char-Info get code {? [ 0 0 urx PackHW 1 ury PackHW 0 0 llx PackHW 1 lly PackHWP 0 0 rows PackHW 1 cols PackHW 0 0 16#7FFF PackHW 1 wx PackHW rasters ] put } ifelse}def%/CKSZ {abs 127 le and}defo@/TackRunLengthToRows {runlength 0 ne {/rows rows neg def} if}def%0/PLOTC {K % sters>PLOTCaH /rasters exch def /runlength exch def /cols exch def /rows exch defG /ury exch def /urx exch def /lly exch def /llx exch def6 /psz exch def /dsz exch def /wx exch def' % "PLOT" A CHARACTER'S RASTER PATTERN rows 0 ne {t gsaved3 currentpoint translate psz dsz div dup scalei> cols rows true RasterScaleFactor 0 0 RasterScaleFactor 6 neg llx .5 add neg ury .5 add tempmatrix astore GenerateRasters imagemask grestore } if wx x}def%e% set color routine: Color# SC6/SC {ColorPalette exch get 1.0 setcustomcolor}bind def%s%e<% Procedures for implementing the "rotate " special:% ROTB -% - ROTE -/1%+++ TTI changes to allow .screen escape sequenceP% 1000 ROTB -> start screenn% 1001 ROTB -> end screen % 1002 ROTB -> Digital logo:/codexindent 590 def/ROTB {  dup 1000 eq {t$ % 1000 ROTB - start code example pop /ExampleState 0 defo /S { dup (.screen) eq { % start screen exampleC% pjf fix 7-4-92 : first line after .screen was indented improperlyt: currentpoint /ExampleY exch def /ExampleX exch def 1 setgray show 0 setgray /S {3 /ExampleName exch def /ExampleState 1 defn7 codexindent 0 translate codexindent 0 rmovetoc. 1 setgray ExampleName show 0 setgray /S /show load def ! /FONT104 /F104 load defs* % replace the tilde with a space, currentfont F102 currentfont begin. /Encoding load % - encoding1 % save the old encoding for the tildee3 dup 126 get exch % - e126 encoding, dup 32 get 126 exch put % - e126 ende. % stick tilde encoding in a variable /ExampleTilde exch def8 FONT104 currentfont /F104DICT exch def setfont /F104 {t /S {- currentfont /F104DICT load eq {e. dup length 240 mul /w exch def1 gsave 0 -100 rmoveto currentpointm0 newpath moveto w 0 rlineto 0 440? rlineto w neg 0 rlineto closepath fill grestore ( 1 setgray show 0 setgray } {t# /S /show load def Se } ifelse } def  FONT104B } def } def< } {  % regular code example show /S /show load def } ifelse } def  } { dup 1001 eq {h" % 1001 ROTB - end code example pop< ExampleState 1 eq {nB currentpoint ExampleY exch sub 600 sub /ylength exch def pop2 /xlength 19200 1.25 mul def /radius 1000 def' gsave ExampleX ExampleY translate-3 240 -400 translate .8 1 scale 50 setlinewidth / /Helvetica findfont 250 scalefont setfont 3 ExampleName (-) eq { /ExampleName () def } ifB! ExampleName stringwidth popu9 xlength exch sub -250 radius sub ylength sub moveto 4 gsave 1.25 1 scale ExampleName show grestore! newpath radius neg 0 moveto & 0 ylength neg radius 180 270 arc* xlength ylength neg radius 270 0 arc xlength 0 radius 0 90 arc0 0 0 radius 90 180 arc5 closepath stroke grestore  /ExampleState 0 defL /F104 /FONT104 load def  /S /show load defIF % replace tilde encoding, so it doesn't show up as space anymore( currentfont F102 currentfont begin+ /Encoding load 126 ExampleTilde putr end setfont ; codexindent neg 0 translate codexindent neg 0 rmoveto  } if } { dup 1002 eq {s pop, gsave (-) stringwidth pop neg 0 rmoveto - /Helvetica findfont 450 scalefont setfonty# [(d) (i) (g) (i) (t) (a) (l)] {o. currentpoint currentpoint newpath movetoN 0 -200 rmoveto 300 0 rlineto 0 730 rlineto -300 0 rlineto 0 -730 rlineto fill moveto gsavey6 dup stringwidth pop 300 exch sub 2 div 0 rmoveto' 1 setgray show 0 setgray grestoreo 350 0 rmoveto[ } forall 0 375 rmovetof7 /Helvetica findfont 200 scalefont setfont (TM) show6 grestore } {C % other - do rotations XP gsaveA Xpos Ypos translatec) rotate % using from the stacka Xpos neg Ypos neg translater RP } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse} deff/ROTE {XP grestore RP} def /F104 { } defr %%EndPrologR %%BeginSetup/PxlResolution 300 def/Resolution 3600 def3/RasterScaleFactor PxlResolution Resolution div defT/PortraitMode true def/PaperWidth 8.500 defh/PaperHeight 11.000 def}72 Resolution div dup scalee=%> Postamble of file OWN$:[SOURCES.CC.DFUSRC]DFUI024.DVI_PS.x*% DefineFont:F153 Category:10 Pointsize:10D/NewCenturySchlbk-Bold /NewCenturySchlbk-Bold@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE./F153 500.0 /NewCenturySchlbk-Bold@DOCPSE DPSF*% DefineFont:F151 Category:10 Pointsize:10F/NewCenturySchlbk-Roman /NewCenturySchlbk-Roman@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE//F151 500.0 /NewCenturySchlbk-Roman@DOCPSE DPSFm)% DefineFont:F102 Category:10 Pointsize:8 (/Courier /Courier@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE /F102 400.0 /Courier@DOCPSE DPSF(% DefineFont:F38 Category:10 Pointsize:9,/Helvetica /Helvetica@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE!/F38 450.0 /Helvetica@DOCPSE DPSF )% DefineFont:F36 Category:10 Pointsize:10C6/Helvetica-Bold /Helvetica-Bold@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE&/F36 500.0 /Helvetica-Bold@DOCPSE DPSF)% DefineFont:F34 Category:10 Pointsize:10o!/F34 500.0 /Helvetica@DOCPSE DPSF )% DefineFont:F28 Category:10 Pointsize:12 &/F28 600.0 /Helvetica-Bold@DOCPSE DPSF)% DefineFont:F25 Category:10 Pointsize:14kD/Helvetica-BoldOblique /Helvetica-BoldOblique@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE-/F25 700.0 /Helvetica-BoldOblique@DOCPSE DPSFk)% DefineFont:F24 Category:10 Pointsize:14p&/F24 700.0 /Helvetica-Bold@DOCPSE DPSF)% DefineFont:F23 Category:10 Pointsize:14t</Helvetica-Oblique /Helvetica-Oblique@DOCPSE DOCPSE ReENCODE)/F23 700.0 /Helvetica-Oblique@DOCPSE DPSF )% DefineFont:F20 Category:10 Pointsize:18a&/F20 900.0 /Helvetica-Bold@DOCPSE DPSF)% DefineFont:F12 Category:10 Pointsize:30o'/F12 1500.0 /Helvetica-Bold@DOCPSE DPSF '%> Postamble of file DFUI024_CONTENTS.H(% DefineFont:F40 Category:10 Pointsize:9&/F40 450.0 /Helvetica-Bold@DOCPSE DPSF%Spot color array for this job/ColorPalette [/+0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 (BLACK) findcmykcustomcolors] def %%EndSetup%E %%Page: (I) 1%%PageFonts: (atend)%%PageProcessColors: (atend)%%PageCustomColors: (atend)t PaperHeight PaperWidth PM 0 0 XYC0 SC 10773 10524 XY F20(DFU)S 167 x(I2.4)S 10773 13214 XY F34(DFU)SRE166 x(Disk)S 165 x(and)S 166 x(File)S 166 x(Utili)S -2 x(ties)S 167 xnE(for)S 166 x(OpenVMS)S 166 x(V)S -37 x(AX)S 167 x(and)S 166 x(Alpha)SaE10773 16502 XY F36(Revision)S 167 x(Informatio)S 2 x(n:)S 18546 X F34 D(This)S 166 x(manual)S 165 x(supersedes)S 166 x(V2.3)S 10773 X 896 yKF36(Date:)S 18546 X F34(August)S 167 x(1996)S 10773 X 897 y F36(Operating)SvI167 x(System:)S 18546 X F34(OpenVMS)S 181 x(V)S -36 x(AX)S 182 x(V5.5-2)SLE182 x(thru)S 182 x(7.1)S 182 x(,)S 185 x(Alpha)S 18546 X 598 y(V6.1)S F167 x(thru)S 166 x(7.1)S 10773 X 896 y F36(W)S -18 x(arning:)S 18546 X'F34(Internal)S 166 x(Use)S 166 x(Only)SCEP 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x(seen)S 172 x(when)S 172 x(VERI)S -2 x(FY)S 172 x(is)SK171 x(run,)S 10773 X 598 y(and)S 179 x(there)S 180 x(is)S 179 x(concurren)S(D2 x(t)S 178 x(\211le)S 180 x(activity)S 180 x(on)S 179 x(the)S 179 xH(disk.)S 276 x(Also,)S 182 x(if)S 179 x(after)S 179 x(a)S 179 x(system)SI10773 X 598 y(crash)S 181 x(the)S 181 x(disk)S 180 x(is)S 180 x(mounted)S1M181 x(with)S 180 x(/NOREBUILD)S 179 x(such)S 181 x(Quota)S 180 x(mismatches)S1E10773 X 598 y(may)S 166 x(exist.)S 250 x(ReRun)S 166 x(VERIFY)S 165 x(C(with)S 165 x(/LOCK)S 166 x(to)S 166 x(see)S 165 x(if)S 166 x(the)SaC166 x(error)S 167 x(is)S 166 x(still)S 165 x(there.)S 10773 X 896 y3DF153(User)S 168 x(Action:)S 251 x F151(Run)S 168 x(VERIFY/REB)S -2 xE(UILD)S 168 x(to)S 168 x(rebuild)S 169 x(the)S 168 x(QUOT)S -28 x(A)S1F168 x(\211le.)S 255 x(Or)S 168 x(run)S 10773 X 598 y(a)S 166 x(DISKQ)SD-2 x(UOT)S -27 x(A>)S 165 x(REBUILD)S 165 x(command.)S 9578 25389 XYF(SLFBAKFID)S -2 x(,)S 167 x(backlink)S 167 x(points)S 166 x(to)S 165 xG(itself,)S 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x(F)S -55 xM(.SYS.)S 10773 18744 XY F25(/FIX)S 10773 X 797 y(/NOFIX)S 165 x(\(default\))SoG10773 X 598 y F151(Repair)S 172 x(errors)S 172 x(on)S 173 x(the)S 172 xxE(disk.)S 262 x(File)S 172 x(marked)S 173 x(for)S 172 x(delete)S 172 x C(will)S 172 x(be)S 172 x(deleted)S 172 x(and)S 172 x(lost)S 10773 X7G548 y(\211les)S 166 x(and)S 166 x(directories)S 166 x(will)S 166 x(be)S8F166 x(moved)S 166 x(to)S 166 x([SYSLOST].)S 10773 21783 XY F25(/LOCK)SF10773 X 797 y(/NOLOC)S -2 x(K)S 166 x(\(default\))S 10773 X 598 y F151Y(Locks)S 162 x(the)S 162 x(disk)S 162 x(for)S 162 x(\211le)S 162 x(allocation/deletion.)S7F250 x(This)S 162 x(gives)S 162 x(a)S 162 x(consistent)S 161 x(report)SG162 x(for)S 10773 X 548 y(the)S 169 x(disk,)S 170 x(but)S 169 x(other)S1D169 x(users)S 168 x(may)S 170 x(experience)S 170 x(a)S 168 x(delay)SF169 x(when)S 169 x(accessing)S 170 x(the)S 169 x(disk.)S 10773 X 548 yD(The)S 167 x(device)S 166 x(will)S 166 x(be)S 166 x(unlocked)S 167 xH(a)S 166 x(the)S 166 x(end)S 167 x(of)S 166 x(the)S 166 x(VERIFY)S 165 xF(command.)S 10773 25369 XY F25(/OUTPUT=\211lename)S 10773 X 598 y F151H(This)S 192 x(quali\211er)S 192 x(redirects)S 191 x(the)S 192 x(output)SE192 x(to)S 191 x(a)S 191 x(\211le.)S 301 x(The)S 192 x(output)S 192 xeE(will)S 191 x(also)S 191 x(go)S 10773 X 548 y(to)S 188 x(SYS$OUTPUT)S)C-46 x(.)S 189 x(CAUTION:)S 188 x(if)S 188 x(you)S 189 x(use)S 188 xaL(/LOCK)S 188 x(in)S 189 x(combination)S 189 x(with)S 10773 X 548 y(/OUTPUT)SG171 x(be)S 171 x(carefull)S 171 x(to)S 171 x(specify)S 170 x(an)S 171 x7C(output\211le)S 171 x(on)S 171 x(ANOTHER)S 170 x(disk,)S 172 x(or)SnD171 x(DFU)S 10773 X 548 y(will)S 165 x(\211nish)S 167 x(with)S 166 xI(a)S 166 x(severe)S 166 x(error)S -36 x(.)S 10773 28707 XY F25(/REBUILD)SsD10773 X 797 y(/NOREB)S -2 x(UILD)S 165 x(\(default\))S 10773 X 598 yFF151(Perform)S 176 x(a)S 176 x(volume)S 176 x(rebuild.)S 269 x(Using)SG176 x(this)S 175 x(quali\211er)S 176 x(will)S 175 x(temporarily)S 176 x5H(lock)S 176 x(the)S 10773 X 548 y(disk)S 166 x(for)S 166 x(other)S 167 xD(users.)S 10773 31746 XY F25(/ST)S -51 x(A)S -52 x(TISTICS)S 10773 XH597 y F151(This)S 184 x(quali\211er)S 185 x(displays)S 183 x(the)S 184 xD(performance)S 184 x(statistics)S -2 x(:)S 285 x(CPU)S 184 x(time,)SF188 x(Elapsed)S 10773 X 548 y(T)S -12 x(ime,)S 166 x(I/O)S 166 x(and)S7166 x(PageFau)S 2 x(lts.)S 27150 36925 XY F36(14\2037)SgEP PPx %%PageTrailer%%%PageFonts: Helvetica-Bold Helveticab+%%+ Helvetica-Oblique Helvetica-BoldOblique %%+ NewCenturySchlbk-Roman%%PageProcessColors:%%PageCustomColors: (BLACK)(% %%Page: (14-8) 70U%%PageFonts: (atend)%%PageProcessColors: (atend)%%PageCustomColors: (atend)S PaperHeight PaperWidth PM 0 0 XY:0 SC 5094 1807 XY F28(VERIFY)S 5094 36925 XY F36(14\2038)SEP PP) %%PageTrailer6%%PageFonts: Helvetica-Bold,%%PageProcessColors:%%PageCustomColors: (BLACK)4%( %%Trailer7 %%Pages: 705%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792&%%DocumentFonts: NewCenturySchlbk-Bold,%%+ NewCenturySchlbk-Roman Courier Helvetica(%%+ Helvetica-Bold Helvetica-BoldOblique%%+ Helvetica-Obliquei,%%DocumentNeededFonts: NewCenturySchlbk-Bold,%%+ NewCenturySchlbk-Roman Courier Helvetica(%%+ Helvetica-Bold Helvetica-BoldOblique%%+ Helvetica-Obliquex%%DocumentProcessColors:%%DocumentCustomColors: (BLACK)e*%%CMYKCustomColor: 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 (BLACK)%1DVC$PSJob restore2end %DEC_DVC$dict end %Color5044Dict%)%%EOF(0[SYSHLP]DFU024_001.HTMLDDD,MZ$gLs(|r"D D00>LDFU I2.4 !

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    5

    Chapter 6
    DELETE

    

    GThis chapter describes the DELETE command with the related parameters and qualifiers.  4

    6.1 Introduction

    

    0The DELETE command is designed for 2 purposes: 

      A
    1. Delete a file by file id (with the /FILE qualifier). This functionality Dis needed to be able to delete files which no longer have a parent directory. FThis way 'lost' files and (sometimes) files marked for delete can be removed from a disk. H
    2. A fast method to delete a complete directory or even a directory tree C(with the /DIRECTORY and /TREE qualifier). First all entries of a directory are Ddeleted without removing the directory entry ; this saves a lot of unnecessary directory updates. @Finally the directory file itself is deleted, unless the /KEEP qualifier is used. DThis way a directory is cleaned up many times faster than with the IDCL DELETE *.* command. On large directories DFU may be even 10 or more times faster than DCL. >To delete a complete directory tree use the /TREE qualifier. =The DCL command DELETE [.SUBDIR...]*.*;* will almost always Ifail to delete the intermediate subdirectory files forcing you to issue Gthis command several times. The DFU DELETE command is smart enough to delete Ethe files and the subdirectory files in the proper order; therefore only @one command is sufficient to delete a complete directory tree. H
      The /KEEP qualifier allows you to preserve the directory tree. DThe contents are deleted but the directory file(s) remains intact. 
    

     


    (

    DELETE

    

    Deletes files or directories. 
    
    

    Format

    0

    DELETE device[:] or directory-file(s)

    
    
    

    PARAMETERS

    

    device

    8The device on which to perform the DELETE/FILE=file-id command. 

    directory-file(s)

    <The filespecification of the directory on which to perform Ithe DELETE/DIRECTORY command. Wildcard file specifications may be used. HDFU will automatically add .DIR to the filespecification if a filetype is not provided. 
    
    

    QUALIFIERS

    

    /DIRECTORY

    ISpecify the directory file which must be deleted. Wildcards may be used Hbut must be used very carefully. Make sure that the directory does not Icontain non-empty subdirectories. Files within such a subdirectory will Fbecome lost after the DELETE/DIRECTORY command (but can be recovered *with ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR). Note that the 6directory file itself will also be deleted. Example:

     $ DIR EXAMPLE    Directory MYDISK:[RUBBISH]    EXAMPLE.DIR;1    $ DFU  &DFU> DELETE/DIRECTORY EXAMPLE.DIR    ;%DFU-I-CLEANUP, Deleting MYDISK:[RUBBISH]EXAMPLE.DIR;1...  +%DFU-S-DELETED, File DBGINI.COM;3 deleted  )%DFU-S-DELETED, File ICON.COM;1 deleted  +%DFU-S-DELETED, File I_FOOL.COM;1 deleted  .%DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGICALS.COM;51 deleted  +%DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGIN.COM;79 deleted  +%DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGOUT.COM;4 deleted  2%DFU-S-DELETED, File NOTE_COMPRESS.COM;3 deleted  +%DFU-S-DELETED, File SHOWCL.COM;3 deleted  -%DFU-S-DELETED, File SYMBOLS.COM;89 deleted  -%DFU-S-DELETED, File TPUBUILD.COM;5 deleted  "%DFU-S-TOTAL, 11 file(s) deleted  ,%DFU-S-DELETED, File EXAMPLE.DIR;1 deleted  
    

    

    /FILE=file-id

    DSpecify a complete file-id (num,seq,rvn) of the file which must be deleted. FThis qualifier allows the deletion of lost files or files marked for ;delete. Example :

     $ DFU  DFU> VERIFY MYDISK:    -%DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OK  '%DFU-I-IFSCAN, Scanning INDEXF.SYS...  J%DFU-E-INVBAKFID, file (86,17915,1) 0004CF04$BFS.;1 has invalid backlink  L%DFU-W-DELETED, file (537,2878,1) APPL_UTRYIT_BOOK.TMP;1 marked for delete   .   .   .    )DFU> DELETE MYDISK/FILE=(86,17915,1)  .%DFU-S-DELETED, File 0004CF04$BFS.;1 deleted    )DFU> DELETE MYDISK/FILE=(537,2878,1)  5%DFU-S-DELETED, File APPL_UTRYIT_BOOK.TMP;1 deleted    
    

    

    /KEEP

    >Preserve the directory tree; only delete the contents. /KEEP :is only valid with the /DIRECTORY qualifier. /KEEP works %for DELETE/DIR and DELETE/DIR/TREE. 

    /NOLOG

    CDo not log succesfull deletes to SYS$OUTPUT. /LOG is the default. 

    /NOREMOVE

    >Can only be used with /FILE. Default DELETE/FILE will try to Cremove the file from the parent directory. If the file's backlink Dno longer points to a valid directory this will generate an error. @The /NOREMOVE qualifier overrules this behaviour allowing such files to be deleted. 

    /STATISTICS

    GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. 

    /TREE

    BCan only be used with /DIRECTORY. The delete command will delete Hall subdirectories within the directory file specified. DFU will first Hsort out the subdirectory tree and than delete the files in the proper order. =Thus a complete directory tree is deleted with one command. 
    

     


    8

    Chapter 7
    DIRECTORY

    

    ?This chapter describes the DIRECTORY command with the related parameters and qualifiers.  4

    7.1 Introduction

    

    GThe DIRECTORY command offers 6 major functions. 3 functions deal with ?all directories on a disk, the other 3 functions are used for 6manipulating individual directories. These functions &are activated by special qualifiers: 

      (
    • Individual directory functions : 
        F
      1. /COMPRESS : Rebuild one or more directory files. Directories Eare alphabetically sorted lists of filenames and file id's. Because file Hnames are randomly inserted and deleted, holes will occur in directory files. GSuch holes will only be reused if a file can be alphabetically fitted into <it. As a result directory files will grow. Especially MAIL subdirectories suffer from this behaviour. G
        To make matters worse directory files above 127 blocks will no longer be Bcached by the file system. This will degrade performance on such directories Idramatically. The COMPRESS function will rebuild the complete directory file. FThe /TEST qualifier can be used to preview the results of a possible COMPRESS command. E
      2. /CREATE/ALLOCATE=n : Create a directory with a preallocated size Fof 'n' blocks. Note that 'n' will be rounded up to a multiple of the disks cluster size. E
      3. /DUMP : Make a dump of the directory blocks and formats the output. @This option is usefull for debugging directory files which are suspected =or corrupted. This function is equivalent to the previously undocumented BVMS command DUMP/DIRECTORY, although the layout of the output is different. 
      /
    • Disk-wide directory functions : 
        B
      1. /ALIAS : Scan all directories on the disk for alias file entries. 6
      2. /EMPTY : Scan the disk for empty directories G
      3. /VERSION=n : Scan all directories on the disk for files which have at least 'n' versions. 
      
      

      DThe diskwide function qualifiers can be used in one command; other combinations !of qualifiers are not possible. HNote that the diskwide directory functions can take several minutes to complete Ibecause a complete directory scan uses a lot of disk I/O (approximately 2 I/O's per directory). 

      /An indirect command file containing a list of Efiles can be used as a parameter to /COMPRESS or /DUMP. Such a list 4can be generated with the SEARCH command. Example:

       4DFU> SEARCH disk/FILE=*.DIR/SIZE=MIN=50/OUT=x.x  !DFU> DIRECTORY/COMPRESS @x.x  
      

      @Caution: Care should be taken when compressing critical system directories. HTo be safe you should first use the /TEST qualifier before compressing Ithe directory. Another problem may be caused by a systemcrash just when DFU Eis rewriting the new compressed directory (although the chance that this Hhappens is very small). When this happens you can recover the files by $executing the following procedure: 

        7
      1. Do a $SET FILE/NODIR of the corrupted directory 1
      2. Delete the directory and create a new one H
      3. Do a $ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR ; this will move all the lost files to [SYSLOST]. E
      4. Move the files from [SYSLOST] to the newly created directory. 
      

       K

      7.2 Discussion of directory compression

      

      @Version V2.2 of DFU introduced a major change in the directory compression Iprocess (issued by the DIRECTORY/COMPRESS command). Previously versions Aalways performed a maximum compression , and then truncated the Cresultant directory. This may be usefull on a dormant directory , Abut on an active directory this method introduced new problems: 

        G
      • When new files were added to the directory it must very quickly Ebe extended. Not only is this a slow operation, but on a fragmented (disk this can lead to DIRALLOC errors. ?
      • Active directories where files are inserted in a random alphabetical Horder very quickly lead to expansion of the just compressed directory. 
      

      FThe first problem is now solved by NOT doing an automatic TRUNCATION Cof the directory. The /TRUNCATE qualifier has been added to allow Gtruncation on the users request. Also /TRUNCATE=blocksize is possible @to perform partial truncation; DFU will not truncate below the blocksize Dissued in /TRUNCATE. (The actual blocksize will be rounded up to a &multiple of the disks cluster size.) AThe second problem is solved by the new /FILL_FACTOR qualifier. AHere a user can direct DFU to fill each directory block up to a Fcertain percentage (between 50 and 100). Not specifying /FILL_FACTOR ;is the same as doing /FILL_FACTOR=100 (full compression). GNote however that the directory's allocated size must be large enough ;to allow a lower fill factor. If that is not possible DFU Awill issue a DFU-E-EXTERR error, and you must use a higher fill factor. ASo, what strategy should be used when comnpressing directories? 

        9
      1. Inactive directories : use DIR/COMPRESS/TRUNCATE. F
      2. Not very active diredctories : use DIR/COMPRESS (/TRUNCATE=n). @
      3. Active directories, files added at the end (such as MAIL directories) : use DIR/COMPRESS F
      4. Active directories, files added in random alphabetical order : use DIR/COMPRESS/FILL_FACTOR=n 
      

       9

      7.3 Output formatting

      

      =A new qualifier /FORMAT can be used with DIRECTORY/VERSION. CThis allows the build up of a command procedure directly from the Houtput generated by the DIR/VERSION command. /FORMAT has the following restrictions : 

        ?
      1. /FORMAT is only valid with the /VERSION and the /OUTPUT qualifier. A
      2. The format string used must contain the !AS directive (in uppercase). 8The file found will be substituted at the !AS location 
      

      Example:

       HDFU> DIR/VERSION=4/OUTP=PURGE.COM/FORMAT="$PURGE/KEEP=3 !AS" mydisk  
      

       


      +

      DIRECTORY

      

      Performs directory functions. 
      
      

      Format

      3

      DIRECTORY device[:] or directory-file(s)

      
      
      

      PARAMETERS

      

      device

      >The device on which to perform one of the diskwide directory functions. 

      directory-files(s)

      =The file specification of the directory on which to perform ,the /CREATE , /COMPRESS or /DUMP function. +Wildcard file specifications may be used. HDFU will automatically add .DIR to the filespecification if a filetype is not provided. 
      
      

      QUALIFIERS

      

      /ALIAS

      DThe /ALIAS qualifier directs DFU to scan all directories for alias Gfile entries. Only alias files in DIFFERENT directories will be found &(this is the most common situation). @Normally only the system disk should contain alias files. This qualifier -can be combined with /VERSION=n and /EMPTY. 

      /ALLOCATE=n

      BUsed in combination with /CREATE. Creates the new directory with "an allocated size of 'n' blocks. 

      /COMPRESS

      DPerforms the directory compression unless /TEST is also specified. CThe output will show the results in terms of file sizes. Example:

       $DFU> DIR/COMP OWN$:[000000]MAIL    M%DFU-S-DONE, OWN$:[000000]MAIL.DIR;1: 31 files; was : 4/9, now : 3/3 blocks    	DFU>  
      

      

      /CREATE

      FCreate a new , empty directory. The allocated size will be 1 cluster unless /ALLOCATE is specified. 

      /DEVICE

      GThe device on which the files reside. The device name is added to the Dfile name. If you generate a file list with the DFU SEARCH command <you don't need this qualifier. However you may have a list Hof files produced from another source and thus need to append a device Aname to it. This qualifier can only be used in combination with /COMPRESS or /DUMP. 

      /DUMP

      EProduce a block level dump of a directory. /DUMP will interpret the directory Aentries found in each block. A directory entry contains a size, version-limit, Btype and name field. Next the directory entry contains a list of Dversions and file ID's for this entry. /DUMP will produce a rather 1low level output of this information. Example :

       DFU> DIR/DUMP C.DIR    DUMP of directory block 1  ;Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(10): CHKDSK.EXE  $   Version: 3, FID : (1027,1456,0)  >Size: 26, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(13): CHKDSK.README  %   Version: 2, FID : (33892,1171,0)  %   Version: 3, FID : (1256,11234,0)  ;Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(10): CHKDSK.SAV  $   Version: 2, FID : (13947,100,0)  <Size: 24, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(11): CHKDSK.SAVE  %   Version: 1, FID : (12531,2114,0)  ?Size: 26, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(14): CHKDSK_LNK.COM  #   Version: 2, FID : (12314,72,0)  5Size: 18, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(5): C_D.C  #   Version: 3, FID : (32650,32,0)  7Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D.EXE  "   Version: 9, FID : (2675,64,0)  7Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D.OBJ  #   Version: 4, FID : (9835,117,0)  7Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D_2.C  $   Version: 15, FID : (12428,84,0)  9Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_2.OBJ  #   Version: 9, FID : (8439,119,0)  9Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_3.CLD  #   Version: 3, FID : (9777,1>78,0)  9Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_3.OBJ  #   Version: 2, FID : (9737,161,0)  7Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D_4.C  %   Version: 3, FID : (10594,1580,0)  9Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_4.OBJ  $   Version: 2, FID : (10177,109,0)    DUMP of directory block 2  5Size: 18, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(5): DFU.C  %   Version: 169, FID : (31123,52,0)     .   .   .  >%DFU-I-TOTAL, OWN$:[SOURCES.FORTRAN.DFUSRC]C.DIR;1: 42 files    
      

      

      /EMPTY

      @The /EMPTY qualifier will produce a list of empty directories. <This qualifier can be combined with /ALIAS and /VERSION=n. 

      /FILL_FACTOR=n

      BSpecifies ,in percentage, the filling of directory blocks during Ha /COMPRESS operation. Fill factor may be between 50 and 100. Omitting Gthis qualifier is the same as /FILL_FACTOR=100 (maximum compression). CIf the directory has not enough allocated space a low fill factor Amay result in failure of the Compress operation. DFU will issue Da DFU-E-EXTERR error, and the directory file will not be modified. 

      /FORMAT=format-string

      CCreate an output file in a format described by the format string. EThe string must contain the !AS directive (this must be uppercase). ?At the !AS location the resultant filename will be filled in. $The /OUTPUT qualifier is required. 

      /OUTPUT=filename

      @This qualifier redirects the output to a file. The output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT. 

      /STATISTICS

      GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. 

      /TEST

      IThe /TEST can only be used in conjunction with /COMPRESS. The qualifier >will show the results of the /COMPRESS but will not compress the directory file. 

      /TRUNCATE=blocksize

      @During a compress operation truncate the directory back to the blocksize Fspecified. If blocksize is not specified, the file will be truncated Iback to the end-of-file block number. Truncation will always be rounded <up to the next highest multiple of the disks cluster size. 

      /VERSION=n

      CThe /VERSION qualifier directs DFU to scan all directories on the device Cto produce a list of files which have at least 'n' versions. This qualifier )can be combined with /ALIAS and /EMPTY. 
      

       


      5

      Chapter 8
      INDEXF

      

      GThis chapter describes the INDEXF command with the related parameters and qualifiers.  3

      8.1 Description

      

      The INDEXF command can be Iused to manipulate the disks INDEXF.SYS file. There are 4 options which can be *invoked with the appropiate qualifiers : 

        F
      • /ANALYZE (default) : report the fragments and mapping pointers for INDEXF.SYS. <Also report the largest contiguous free space on the disk. '
      • /DEFRAG : defragment INDEXF.SYS H
      • /EXTEND=n : extend INDEXF.SYS with 1 new fragment of 'n' blocks; -this is equivalent to 'n' new file headers. E
      • /TRUNCATE : reduces the size of INDEXF.SYS ; this can only be done <if the allocated size is larger than the end-of-file size. 
      

      GThe INDEXF command is a very powerfull tool which can be used solving Esome classic ODS2 problems (such as the SYSTEM-F-HEADERFULL error). BIt will save an image BACKUP/RESTORE operation or even a re-INIT of the disk. CThere are however some restrictions when using this command. Also Bissueing this command on a volume or shadow set can only be done after some preparation. 

      CINDEXF/ANALYZE can always be performed on a on-line, mounted disk because it is a read-only function. FThe /DEFRAG , /EXTEND and /TRUNCATE option however requires that the disk is Ccorrectly dismounted from all systems in the cluster. Also VOLPRO privilege His required to execute these options. The procedure to defrag , extend or %truncate INDEXF.SYS is as follows : 

        H
      1. Perform an ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR first to make sure that there are !no structure errors on the disk 7
      2. DISMOUNT the disk cluster wide (with /NOUNLOAD) HIn case of a volume or shadow set the complete set must be dismounted. H
      3. Issue the INDEXF/DEFRAG , /EXTEND=n or /TRUNCATE command for the disk. /The syntax is : DFU> INDEXF/DEFRAG device: BOn a shadow set you must specify the virtual unit as the device: parameter Fand use the /SHADOW_MEMBER=device: qualifier to specify ONE physical member of this set. H
      4. DFU will remount the disk privately and determine if the command can be executed. <
      5. If the command can be executed DFU will prompt for a confirmation. F
      6. If the command is confirmed DFU will remount the disk /FOREIGN and Istart with the operation. After completing all operations the disk will be dismounted. I
      7. The system manager must now manually remount the disk. In case of Fa volume set the complete set must be remounted. In case of a shadow set Bremounting the complete set will result in a correct shadow copy operation on the other members of the set. 
      

      FThere are some restrictions which will limit the use of the /DEFRAG, !/EXTEND and /TRUNCATE options : 

        :
      • The command can not be executed on the system disk I
      • There must be enough contiguous free space on the disk to be able to Cperform /DEFRAG or /EXTEND. If there is not enough space DFU will report it and cancel the operation. G
      • The INDEXF.SYS header must have enough space left to be able to execute Dthe /EXTEND command. If not DFU will report a HEADERFULL error and 2advise you to perform a /DEFRAG operation first. G
      • INDEXF.SYS cannot be extended beyond the MAXFILES parameter set for the Bdisk. A $SHOW DEVICE /FULL command will report the maximum files allowed for the disk. B
      • The first 3 or 4 fragments of INDEXF.SYS (depending on the geometry) Ican never been moved. If there are not enough fragments available to be <defragmented DFU will report a NOOPT warning and refuse to perform a DEFRAG operation. 
      

       E

      8.2 Example of a DEFRAG operation

      

      EBelow follows an example of a (fictuous) disk which is defragmented using Cthe /DEFRAG qualifier (the /EXTEND qualifier is almost the same):

         DFU> index/defrag DUA1:  .%DFU-I-MOUNTING, Busy mounting disk DUA1:...  1%DFU-I-ANALDISK, Analyzing INDEXF and BITMAP...  L%DFU-I-TOTAL, Maparea maps 326 blocks in 9 fragments (11% used)        (1)  L%DFU-I-FINDLBN, Largest free contiguous space 2351 blocks at LBN 2649  (2)  L%DFU-I-MOVE, 305 blocks can be defragmented (5 fragments)              (3)  /Continue to modify INDEXF.SYS ? (Y/N) [N] : y  9%DFU-I-MOUNTFOR, Busy remounting disk LDA1: /FOREIGN...  ;%DFU-I-STARTDFR, Now copying fragments to new location...  L%DFU-S-COPIED, 185 blocks copied (fragment 5)                          (4)  .%DFU-S-COPIED, 30 blocks copied (fragment 6)  .%DFU-S-COPIED, 30 blocks copied (fragment 7)  .%DFU-S-COPIED, 30 blocks copied (fragment 8)  .%DFU-S-COPIED, 30 blocks copied (fragment 9)  =%DFU-I-NEWTOTAL, New Maparea maps 326 blocks in 5 fragments  L%DFU-S-REWRTIF, INDEXF.SYS File header rewritten !                     (5)  L%DFU-I-RBDBITMAP, Updating BITMAP.SYS...                               (6)  L%DFU-S-READY, all operations succesfully completed                     (7)  "%DFU-I-DISMNT, Volume dismounted    
      

      /The meaning of these messages is as follows : 

        G
      1. DFU reports the number of fragments and the percentage of space used Fin the file header of INDEXF.SYS. These figures can also be produced with the /ANALYZE qualifier. G
      2. DFU reports the largest number of contiguous free blocks on the disk. E
      3. DFU now proposes the largest chunk of INDEXF.SYS which can be %defragmented into one new fragment. A
      4. After remounting the disk /FOREIGN DFU starts copying the individual fragments. I
      5. After all copy operations have been completed the new file header is rewritten. C
      6. Next BITMAP.SYS will be modified to reflect the new storage situation. D
      7. This message indicates that DFU has succesfully finished the operation. 
      

       6

      8.3 Crash Recovery

      

      FDuring a DEFRAG , EXTEND or TRUNCATE operation there is a very small time interval Cin which a system crash or disk failure may result in a situation Dwhich requires manual intervention. This interval exists after DFU Ahas rewritten the INDEXF.SYS new file header and before DFU has completed Athe rebuild of BITMAP.SYS. By taking a carefull look at the log produced Cby DFU it is easy to determine which action to take. The critical interval Eexists after DFU issued the "%DFU-S-REWRTIF, INDEXF.SYS File header rewritten" @message and before a "%DFU-S-READY, all operations succesfully completed" Bmessage has been reported. If the system or disk fails somewhere between this Cinterval the disk must be remounted and immediately repaired with 8DFU> VERIFY/REBUILD (a ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR or a SET VOLUME/REBUILD=FORCE command will do as well). 2Failing to do so may result in a corrupted disk. 

      CAny error , system or disk failure outside this interval does not require ;further action (apart from manually remounting the disk).  2

      8.4 Disclaimer

      

      CDespite carefull testing on several disk types and configurations DIGITAL Hcannot absolutely garantuee that defragmenting or extending INDEXF.SYS ?will not result in a corrupted disk. Therefore it is strongly recommended Fthat a defragment or extend operation only be performed on a disk if 5a valid and recently made disk backup is available. 

       


      (

      INDEXF

      

      *Analyze, Defragment or Extend INDEXF.SYS 
      
      

      Format

      

      INDEXF device[:]

      
      
      

      PARAMETERS

      

      device[:]

      ) device which holds the INDEXF.SYS file 
      
      

      QUALIFIERS

      

      /ANALYZE

      FDisplays information about the number of fragments in INDEXF.SYS and =the largest contiguous free space. If INDEXF.SYS can not be defragmented -a "%DFU-W-NOOPT" message will be displayed. 

      /DEFRAG

      ?Starts a defragment operation on INDEXF.SYS. The disk must be clusterwide dismounted. 

      /EXTEND=n

      ?Extends INDEXF.SYS with 'n' blocks in 1 new fragment. This is Dequivalent to 'n' extra file headers. The disk must be clusterwide dismounted. D'n' will be rounded up to be a multiple of the disks cluster size.

      /SHADOW_MEMBER=device:

      EThe physical member of the shadowset on which to perform the EXTEND Eor DEFRAG operation. This qualifier is only required in combination %with /DEFRAG and /EXTEND. Example :

       6DFU> INDEXF/DEFRAG DSA0:/SHADOW_MEMBER=$1$DUA104:  
      

      

      /SHOW_POINTERS

      9Displays all mapping pointer information. See example :

       %DFU> index/analyze/show $1$dua11  1%DFU-I-ANALDISK, Analyzing INDEXF and BITMAP...  B%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 1) Size :       6 , LBN :       0  B%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 2) Size :       3 , LBN :    1023  B%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 3) Size :       3 , LBN : 1498254  B%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 4) Size :   27534 , LBN : 1470720  B%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 5) Size :    1002 , LBN :  345642  B%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 6) Size :    1002 , LBN : 1016796  B%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 7) Size :    1002 , LBN : 1467444  B%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr ( 8) Size :    1002 , LBN : 1925727    .    .    .  B%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr (19) Size :    1002 , LBN :  544224  B%DFU-I-MAPPTR, Retrieval ptr (20) Size :   10215 , LBN : 2565624  D%DFU-I-TOTAL, Maparea maps 52791 blocks in 20 fragments (37% used)  J%DFU-I-FINDLBN, Largest free contiguous space 9132 blocks at LBN 1648761  <%DFU-I-MOVE, 9018 blocks can be defragmented (9 fragments)  
      

      

      /STATISTICS

      GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. 

      /TRUNCATE

      FThis qualifier truncates the INDEXF.SYS file back to the end-of-file 4size. Thus over-allocated blocks can be recovered. 
      

       


      5

      Chapter 9
      REPORT

      

      GThis chapter describes the REPORT command with the related parameters and qualifiers.  3

      9.1 Description

      

      7The REPORT command function generates a report of the 7file and free space fragmentation of the disk. Also a 6graph may be generated by the /GRAPH qualifier; this 6visualises the free space distribution on your disk. 6The /USAGE qualifier will generate a diskspace usage 8report. This is especially usefull if DISKQUOTA is not enabled on the disk. 

      >The default report contains information of the Volume, files :and the bitmap. This output can be suppressed by the new ,/NOVOLUME, NOFILE and NOBITMAP qualifiers. AAlso the /USAGE qualifier can be used by displaying information Iof a specific UIC or Identifier simply by specifying /USAGE=<uic> or /USAGE=<identifier>.  9

      9.2 Syntax and Output

      

      &The syntax of the report command is:

       "DFU> REPORT device/QUALIFIERS  
      

      <Below follows an example and output of the report command:

         #DFU> REPORT USER3:/GRAPH/USAGE    1%DFU-I-REPORT, Reporting on USER3: ($1$DUA102:)    8  ***** Volume info for USER3: (from HOME block) *****  2 Volume name                      :  USER3        2 Volume owner                     :  SYSTEM       2 Structure name                   :               ( Clustersize                      :  3  - Maximum # files                  :  367618  * First header VBN                 :  103  0 Header count                     :  51547 (1)  0 Free headers                     :  10951 (2)     1  ***** File statistics (from INDEXF.SYS) *****  ? INDEXF.SYS fragments /map_in_use :  21 / 61 (39% used)   (3)  , Total files                      :  40595  ( Files with extension headers     :  0  ? Files marked for delete          :  19 , size : 25/63 blocks  + Directory files                  :  1957  * Empty files                      :  177  , Files with allocation            :  40418  0 Contiguous files                 :  40326 (4)  7 Total size used /allocated       :  2492431 /2533209  , Total fragments                  :  40770  1 Average fragments per file       :  1.009  (5)  < File fragmentation index         :  0.692 (excellent) (6)  ) Average size per fragment        :  62  % Most fragmented file             :  C    $1$DUA102:[LARGEUSER]A.DAT;1 ( 180/630 blocks; 30  fragments)     7  ***** Free space statistics (from BITMAP.SYS) *****  . Total blocks on disk             :  2940951  - Total free blocks                :  407742  ) Percentage free (rounded)        :  13  * Total free extents               :  260  G Largest free extent              :  42912 blocks at LBN: 2463597 (7)  + Average extent size (rounded)    :  1568  > Free space fragmentation index   :  0.191 (excellent) (6)       J %free------------------------------------------------------------------  K 100 |                                                                  |  K  95 |                                                                  |  K  90 |                                                                  |  K  85 |                             *                                    |  K  80 |                             *                                    |  K  75 |                             *                                    |  K  70 |                             *                          *         |  K  65 |                             *                          *         |  K  60 |                             *                          *         |  K  55 |                             *                          *         |  K  50 |                       *     *                        * *         |  K  45 |                       *     *                        * *    *    |  K  40 |                       *     **                       * *    *    |  K  35 |                       *     **                       * *    **   |  K  30 |                       *   * *** *                 *  * *    **   |  K  25 |              *       **   * *** *            *   **  ***    ** * |  K  20 |              *       **   * *** *            * * **  ***    ** * |  K  15 |      *  *  * *   * * ********** *            * * **  ***    ** * |  K  10 |      *  *  * *   *** ********** **           * * ** ****    ** * |  K   5 |      *  *  * * ***** **************          * * ** ****    ** * |  K      -------------------------------------------------------------------  M LBN: 0                                                             2940951  7 Free space distribution, each * =  2100  free blocks     @  ***** Disk Usage Table (from INDEXF.SYS and QUOTA.SYS) *****  L Identifier/UIC                 Used/Allocated   Headers   Quota Used/Perm  L -------------------------------------------------------------------------  L [SYSTEM]                       499554/505626     4954     510580/2000000   L [SSG,MRX]                       42079/46356      2259      48615/60000     L [SSG,TESTJE]                   189306/254742     4935     259677/300000    L [SSG,LARGEUSER]                 47961/50238      1648      51886/65000      .   .   .   
       

      0


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      DFU I2.4

      ?
      Previous page... . | Contents
      

      0The various items have the following meaning : 

        8
      1. The header count is calculated based on the size @of INDEXF.SYS. If more headers are needed INDEXF.SYS has to be extended. G
      2. The free headers gives the number of free entries in INDEXF.SYS before it has to extend. G
      3. The INDEXF.SYS number of fragments and mapwords in use are very important Bfigures to determine if the INDEXF.SYS file can be extended. The theoretical Hmaximum number of mapwords is 155. This value may be less if there are BACL's on INDEXF.SYS. Each fragment, and therefore each retrieval pointer Imust be in the mapword area. As the size of a retrieval pointer depends on Gthe physical size of a disk, it is not easy to say how many fragments ,INDEXF.SYS can store in the mapwords area. CIf the mapword area is full the INDEXF file can no longer extend, Cand creating new files may result in a SYSTEM-W-HEADERFULL error. C
      4. Files which have exactly 1 retrieval pointer are considered .to be contiguous. This doesn't mean that the +CONTIGUOUS bit is set in the file header. 1
      5. The average fragments per file give some 0indication about the total file fragmentation. H
      6. The file and free space fragmentation index classifies your disk as follows : 
          
        • 0-1 : Excellent 
        • 1-2 : Good 
        • 2-3 : Fair 
        • 3-4 : Poor 
        • >4 : Bad 
        =
        If your index is greater than 3 you should consider defragmenting the disk Ausing Digitals DFO software, or by performing an Image BACKUP / Restore. 7
      7. The largest free extent is a usefull figure for Idefragmentation purposes. You cannot defragment a file when its size is greater than this value. 
    

    EThe disks free space distribution as a bar graph. On the horizontal axis Hthe Logical Block Number (LBN) is shown, running from 0 to the maximum Eblock number. Each * represents a certain number of contiguous free blocks. 

    >If you use the /USAGE qualifier a usage table will be added. IPer Identifier / UIC the blocks used/allocated , and the number of file Cheaders are shown. If Diskquota is enabled a third column will be included >which shows the blocks used/permitted allowing to QUOTA.SYS. 4Normally quota should satisfy the following rule :

     4 Quota used = blocks allocated + # of file headers  
    

     


    (

    REPORT

    

    7Create a file and free space report of a disk device. 
    
    

    Format

    

    REPORT device[:]

    
    
    

    PARAMETERS

    

    device[:]

    CDevice to be reported. You may also specify a logical devicename. 
    
    

    QUALIFIERS

    

    /APPEND=filename

    :This qualifier redirects the output to be appended to an Calready existing file. If the output file does not exists it will :be created. You can use /APPEND or /OUTPUT but not both. 

    /GRAPH

    HThis qualifier generates a graph table which visualizes the free space 4distribution on the disk. /NOGRAPH is the default. 

    /NOBITMAP

    HThe /NOBITMAP qualifier suppresses the "Free space statistics" output. 

    /NOFILE

    @The /NOFILE qualifier suppressed the "File Statistics" output. 

    /NOVOLUME

    >The /NOVOLUME qualifier suppresses the "Volume info" output. 

    /OUTPUT=filename

    @This qualifier redirects the output to a file. The output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT. 

    /STATISTICS

    GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. $

    /USAGE(=uic or identifier)

    FThe /USAGE qualifier will generate a diskspace usage report based on AIdentifiers/UIC. If diskquota is enabled on the disk the blocks Aused/permitted allowing to QUOTA.SYS will also be shown. /USAGE Ais very usefull when diskquota is not enabled on the disk. When Ga uic or identifier is specified only the information for this uic or identifier will be displayed. 
    

     


    7

    Chapter 10
    SEARCH

    

    GThis chapter describes the SEARCH command with the related parameters and qualifiers.  6

    10.1 Introduction

    

    1The search function allows very quick disk-wide 5searches for specific files. You can use almost any 0possible file attribute as a search qualifier.  ;

    10.2 Syntax and Output

    

    #The command syntax for SEARCH is:

     "DFU> SEARCH device/qualifiers  
    

    =The output is displayed on your terminal. You can also sort &the output with the /SORT qualifier. +The output is shown in 2 or 3 columns eg:

     )DFU> SEARCH MYDISK/FILE=X.X/FRAGMENT   .   .  A$1$DUA102:[USER.COMMAND]X.X;1             1/3               1/1   .   .  
    

    GThe first column shows the full file name . As of this version of DFU the 6device name is included in the file name. The second Fcolumns shows the file size as actual/allocated size. The 3rd column Dis optional and will only be shown when the /FRAGMENT qualifier is used. It =shows the number of fileheaders / number of file fragments.  ?

    10.3 Volume Set processing

    

    ;SEARCH checks if the device to-be-searched is member of a ?volume set. If so, the complete volume set will be processed, 7starting with Relative Volume Number 1 up to the last Cmember in set. You can override this behaviour with the /NOVOLSET qualifier.  ;

    10.4 Output formatting

    

    2A new qualifier /FORMAT can be used with SEARCH. CThis allows the build up of a command procedure directly from the Coutput generated by the SEARCH command. /FORMAT has the following restrictions : 

      H
    1. /FORMAT is only valid with the /OUTPUT qualifier, and can not be used 2together with the /FULL or the /SORT qualifiers. A
    2. The format string used must contain the !AS directive (in uppercase). 8The file found will be substituted at the !AS location 
    

    Example:

     IDFU> SEARCH/OUTP=DEL.COM/FORMAT="$DELETE/CONF !AS"/FILE=*.LOG mydisk  
    

     G

    10.5 UIC and identifier processing

    

    AThis version introduces an improved handling of UIC's. Previous versions Bof DFU only accepted a numeric UIC in the /OWNER qaulifier or an Hidentifier in the /IDENT qualifier. V2.4 now accepts all valid uic and Hidentifier formats (numeric and alphanumeric) in the /OWNER and /IDENT Iqualifiers. Technically there is no longer any difference between these Etwo qualifiers, but they will be left in for compatibility reasons.  


    (

    SEARCH

    

    &Fast file search through INDEXF.SYS. 
    
    

    Format

    

    SEARCH device[:]

    
    
    

    PARAMETERS

    

    device[:]

    CDevice to be searched. You may also specify a logical devicename. 
    
    

    DESCRIPTION

    FThe SEARCH command is used for quick disk-wide searches for specific files. @The qualifiers describe the file attributes used as the search 6criteria. You can combine almost all of the possible .qualifiers, unless otherwise specified. Eg.:

     DDFU> SEARCH DISK1/SIZE=MIN=10/OWN=[1,4]/CREATED=SINCE=YESTERDAY  
    

    7is a valid command. Note that qualifiers will be used Hin a logical AND manner, that is, SEARCH will only display files which /obey to all qualifiers and options specified. 

    
    

    QUALIFIERS

    

    /ALLOCATED

    IDefault, SEARCH will use the actual file size. The /ALLOCATED qualifier Eforces SEARCH to use the allocated filesize. This qualifier is only +meaningfull if you combine it with /SIZE. 

    /APPEND=filename

    :This qualifier redirects the output to be appended to an Calready existing file. If the output file does not exists it will :be created. You can use /APPEND or /OUTPUT but not both. !

    /BACKUP=option(,option)

    9The /BACKUP qualifier is used to search files depending 2on their backup date. The possible options are : 
      
    • /BACKUP=BEFORE=date 
    • /BACKUP=SINCE=date 
    • /BACKUP=NONE 
    

    7The NONE option gives files which don't have a backup 6date recorded.The other 2 options can be used to get 2files which have a backup date before or after a 3specific date. The BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command. "

    /BAKFID=backlink-file-id

    6You can use this qualifier to look for a file with a 7specific backlink. Only the first part of the file id 7must be specified, that is, if the file id is (x,y,z) 7you must specify 'x' as the file id. You can use this 6qualifier to get files from a specific directory. If 9you use /BAKFID=0 you will get files not belonging to a $directory (often temporary files). *

    /CHARACTERISTIC=(char1,char2...)

    8This qualifier is used to get files with specific file 2characteristics.The characteristics can have the following values: 
      &
    • Directory : directory files ,
    • Nobackup : files marked nobackup 1
    • Contiguous : files marked as contiguous 1
    • Erase : erase file before deletion "
    • Spool : spool files A
    • Badblock : files which contain suspected bad block(s) 1
    • Badacl : files with a corrupted ACL 7
    • Besttry : files marked contiguous-best-try 4
    • Scratch : files marked as scratch files 6
    • Nocharge : files not charged against quota 5
    • Nomove : files marked NoMove (VMS 5.5+) ;
    • Locked : files with the deaccess lock bit set 0
    • Marked : files marked for deletion 5
    • Noshelvable : files which can not be shelved .
    • Isshelved : files which are shelved 
    

    4The several characteristics can be combined in one 8command.If you want a logical OR behaviour in stead of 4the default AND behaviour, you can use the special option MATCH=OR eg:

     *  SEARCH disk/CHAR=(NOMOVE,DIR,MATCH=OR)  
    

    "

    /CREATED=option(,option)

    0The /CREATED qualifier is used to search files 5depending on their creation date. The options are : 
      
    • /CREATED=BEFORE=date 
    • /CREATED=SINCE=date 
    

    7These 2 options can be used to get files which have a 4creation date before or after a specific date. The 9BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command. #

    /EXCLUDE=(file1,file2...)

    2This qualifier is used to exclude files from the 7search. You can use wildcard filenames ; you can also specifiy a list of files. "

    /EXPIRED=option(,option)

    0The /EXPIRED qualifier is used to search files 7depending on their expiration date. The options are : 
      
    • /EXPIRED=BEFORE=date 
    • /EXPIRED=SINCE=date 
    • /EXPIRED=NONE 
    

    0The NONE option gives files which don't have a 5expiration date recorded.The other 2 options can be 7used to get files which have a expiration date before 7or after a specific date. The BEFORE and SINCE option !can be combined in one command. 

    /FID=file-id

    9The /FID qualifier is a special function of SEARCH. It 5directs SEARCH to go directly to the specified file 0without processing the rest of the Index file. 8Therefore, you cannot combine this qualifierwith other 5search qualifiers such as /FILE. Normally a file-id 7consists is in the form (x,y,z) where x is the number 8of the file header within INDEXF.SYS y is the sequence 7number, and z is the Relative Volume Number. You only 5need to specifiy the x value in the /FID qualifier.

    /FILE=(file1,file2...)

    3This qualifier is used to search for files with a 6specific file name.You can use wildcard file names; 'also you can specify a list of files. 

    /FORMAT=format-string

    CCreate an output file in a format described by the format string. EThe string must contain the !AS directive (this must be uppercase). ?At the !AS location the resultant filename will be filled in. $The /OUTPUT qualifier is required. -

    /FRAGMENT(=(MINIMUM=nr,MAXIMUM=nr))

    EThis qualifier displays the number of fragments and file headers of each 6file found. You can further limit the files found by 6using the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM= options. For example:

     DFU> disk/FRAG  DFU> disk/FRAG=min=10  $DFU> disk/FRAG=(min=10,max=100)  
    

    

    /FULL

    5If you use this qualifier , SEARCH will give a full 9output for each file found. This output is a look-alike 7of the output from DIRECTORY/FULL. You cannot combine (this qualifier with /SORT or /SUMMARY. 

    /HOME

    7This qualifier directs search to give output from the 3disk's home block. SEARCH uses the home block for ?calculating the free and used file headers within INDEXF.SYS. &

    /(NO)IDENT=identifier or uic

    .You can search for files owned by a specific Didentifier or uic. Any valid uic or identifier format may be used. *Another way is the /OWNER_UIC qualifier; >you cannot combine these 2 qualifiers in one SEARCH command. =Issueing /NOIDENT directs DFU to search for files NOT owned Fby this IDENTIFIER, eg: DFU> SEARCH sys$sysdevice/NOIDENT=SYSTEM. #

    /LBN=logical-block-number

    5The /LBN qualifier is a special function of SEARCH. 2This allows you to find a file which contains a 3specific LBN. This may be usefull if you have bad 9blocks logged in the error log. You cannot combine /LBN 'with search qualifiers such as /FILE. *

    /(NO)OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier

    @This qualifier is used to get files owned by a specific uic or =identifier. Any valid uic or identifier format may be used. EYou cannot combine this qualifier with /IDENT. Specifying /NOOWNER Fdirects DFU to search for files NOT owned by this UIC or identifier. #

    /MODIFIED=option(,option)

    1The /MODIFIED qualifier is used to search files 9depending on their modification date. The options are : 
      
    • /MODIFIED=BEFORE=date 
    • /MODIFIED=SINCE=date 
    

    7These 2 options can be used to get files which have a 8modification date before or after a specific date. The 9BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command. 

    /MULTIPLE

    8This qualifier searches for files which have more than 1 file header. 

    /NOSEARCH

    5This qualifier can only be used in combination with 6/HOME. It is used to get the Homeblock info, without searching the entire disk. 

    /NOVOLSET

    9The default behaviour of SEARCH is to process an entir>e 3volume set. You can override this behaviour with :/NOVOLSET. This may be usefull when doing a /LBN search. 

    /OUTPUT=file

    7This qualifier redirects the output from SEARCH to an 6output file.This file can later be used as input to (the DEFRAG , DIRECTORY or SET command. 

    /OVER_ALLOCATED=n

    :Searches for files where the difference between the used ,and allocated size is at least 'n' blocks. 

    /PLACED

    1Checks for files which have a placement control 9retrieval pointer.This is sometimes set by non-DEC disk defragmentation programs. -

    /SIZE=(minimum=size1,maximum=size2)

    5The /SIZE qualifier is used to limit files found by 0their file size.You can either use minimum= or 8maximum= or use both options together. SEARCH will use 7the actual file size for selecting files, except when #the /ALLOCATED qualifier is used. 

    /SORT

    7This qualifier will sort the files found before being 9output. You can combine this with the /OUTPUT qualifier %(the default output is SYS$OUTPUT). 

    /STATISTICS

    GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. 

    /SUMMARY

    3This qualifier will limit the output to the total 7number of files found, with their size (and optional 3the fragmentation when /FRAG is used). You cannot combine /SUMMARY with /FULL. =

    /VERSION_NUMBER=(minimum=version1,maximum=version2)

    ?The /VERSION_NUMBER qualifier is used search for files within >a range of specific file version numbers. Logfiles which are Cproduced with the same name may pose problems when they reach the :maximum version number (32767). Using /VERSION=MIN=32000 $is a quick way to find such files. 
    

     


    4

    Chapter 11
    SET

    

    DThis chapter describes the SET command with the related parameters and qualifiers.  6

    11.1 Introduction

    

    EThe SET command allows you to modify file attributes which can't be modified through DCL commands. =Note that you should be carefull about using this function; you may easily corrupt files. GNOTE: This much wanted functionality is finally introduced in VMS 6.0 Bwith a new DCL command $SET FILE/ATTRIBUTES. Still DFU's SET has Fsome options which are not in SET FILE/ATTRIBUTES (such as setting a BACKUP date). 

     G

    11.2 UIC and identifier processing

    

    GAs of this version of DFU the /OWNER and /IDENT qualifier now accepts all valid uic or 3identifier formats. See chapter 10.5 for details.  


    %

    SET

    

    Modify file attributes. 
    
    

    Format

    $

    SET file1,file2,...,@file

    
    
    

    PARAMETERS

    

    file1,file2,...,@file

    GThe files to be modified. The attributes to be modified are specified Fwith qualifiers. Wildcards area allowed in the filename. An indirect file Hcan be used by using the @ sign. This allows processing of a file list #produced by a DFU SEARCH command. 
    
    

    QUALIFIERS

    

    /BACKUP_DATE=date

    

    /NOBACKUP_DATE

    6Controls whether a new backup date is assigned to @the specified files. Specify the date according to the rules described <in Chapter 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts Manual. Absolute ?date keywords are allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, Etoday's date is used. If you specify /NOBACKUP_DATE the Backup date field will be cleared. 

    /BADACL

    

    /NOBADACL

    7Sets or resets the 'BADACL' flag in the file header. &This enables deletion of a file with a corrupted ACL. 

    /BUCKETSIZE=size

    :Sets a new value for the bucket size in the file header. 

    /CONFIRM

    

    /NOCONFIRM (default)

    3Controls whether a request is issued before each +individual SET operation to confirm that 1the operation should be performed on that file. 8When the system issues the prompt, you can issue #any of the following responses:

       YES      NO     QUIT    TRUE     FALSE  CTRL/Z    1        0      ALL             <RET>  
    

    5You can use any combination of upper- and lowercase Cletters for word responses. Word responses can be abbreviated to <one or more letters (for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE). 5Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE, and 1. Negative Ganswers are NO, FALSE, 0, and <RET>. QUIT or CTRL/Z indicates that you want Fto stop processing the command at that point. When you respond with CALL, the command continues to process, but no further prompts are given. ?If you type a response other than one of those in the list, the prompt will be reissued. 

    /CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY

    /NOCONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY

    BSets or resets the 'CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY' bit in the file header. 

    /CREATION_DATE=date

    

    /NOCREATION_DATE

    6Controls whether a new creation date is assigned to 6the specified files. Specify the date according to 2the rules described in Chapter 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts Manual. Absolute 9date keywords are allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, today's date is used. 

    /DIRECTORY

    

    /NODIRECTORY

    6Sets or resets the directory attribute of a file. 2This qualifier allows you to set the directory 7bit of a file which was mistakingly reset by the 'SET FILE/NODIRECTORY' command. 8If it is done on a non-directory file, then access 9to that directory will give a 'BADIRECTORY' error. 

    /EBLOCK[=block]

    8This qualifier will reset the end-of-file mark to the :highest block allocated if no block has been specified. DOtherwise the end-of-file mark will be set to the specified block. 

    /EBYTE[=byte]

    8This qualifier will set the end-of-file byte mark to 0the highest byte if it has not been specified. IOtherwise the end-of-file byte mark will be set to the specified byte. 

    /EXPIRATION_DATE=date

    

    /NOEXPIRATION_DATE

    6Controls whether an expiration date is assigned to )the specified files. Specify the date 6according to the rules described in Chapter 1 of the (VMS DCL Concepts Manual. Absolute 8date keywords are allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, today's date is used. "

    /IDENT=identifier or uic

    =Modify the file ownership. See also /OWNER_UIC. This allows modification Bof the file-ownership even if the file is open, eg. INDEXF.SYS. ,You cannot use both /IDENT and /OWNER_UIC. 

    /LOCKED

    

    /NOLOCKED

    3This qualifier will lock a file for future use. 5Nothing else can then be done with the file, until Hit is unlocked (which can also be done with the VMS 'UNLOCK' command. 

    /LOG (default)

    

    /NOLOG

    4Controls whether the SET command displays the file &specification of each file after the modification is made. 

    /MAXREC=record

    7Sets a new value for the maximum record number in the file header. 

    /ORGANIZATION=keyword

    FThe following keywords are used as parameters for the ORGANIZATION 6qualifier: DIRECT, INDEXED, RELATIVE and SEQUENTIAL. 5This will allow you to modify the file organization 7type in the file header. Of course this won't change %the real organization of the file. &

    /OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier

    EModify the file ownership to an uic or identifier. See also /IDENT. DThis allows modification of the file-ownership even if the file is open, eg. INDEXF.SYS. ,You cannot use both /IDENT and /OWNER_UIC.

    /RECATTRIBUTES=keyword

    .The following keywords are used as Iparameters for the RECATTRIBUTES qualifier: NONE, FORTRAN, IMPLIED, PRINT @and NOSPAN. This will allow you to modify the file's record Eattributes in the file header. NONE, FORTRAN, IMPLIED and PRINT are mutually 9exclusive, but can be used in combination with NOSPAN. EWhen NOSPAN is omitted SPAN is assumed (the default is to allow %records to cross block boundaries). 

    /RECSIZE=size

    :Sets a new value for the record size in the file header. 

    /RECTYPE=keyword

    9The following keywords are used as parameters for Gthe RECTYPE qualifier: FIXED, STREAM, STREAMCR, STREAMLF, UNDEFINED, VARIABLE >and VFC. This will allow you to modify the file's record type in the file header. 

    /REVISION_DATE=date

    

    /NOREVISION_DATE

    5Controls whether a revision date is assigned to the .specified files. Specify the date according Ito the rules described in Chapter 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts Manual. EAbsolute date keywords are allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, today's date is used. 

    /RVCOUNT=count

    =Sets a new value for the revision count in the file header. 

    /UPDATE

    

    /NOUPDATE (default)

    1Normally the file's revision date will be )updated after any modification to it. ISET however disables this update (otherwise the REVISION date could not Fbe set). Specify this qualifier if you want the revision date to be updated. 

    /VFCSIZE=size

    2Sets a new value for the VFC size in the file Aheader. This value will only be used with the VFC record type. 
    

     


    9

    Chapter 12
    UNDELETE

    

    IThis chapter describes the UNDELETE command with the related parameters and qualifiers.  6

    12.1 Introduction

    

    @The UNDELETE function is designed to recover deleted files, if possible. ,UNDELETE operates in a safe mode such that Eit first checks if the deleted file header and diskblocks are still available. GOnly in that case will the file be recovered. Otherwise UNDELETE will leave the disk unmodified. &UNDELETE has some powerfull options: 

      F
    • Generate a list of recoverable files with the /LIST qualifier. FThis qualifier will not undelete any file, and therefore it does not lock up the disk. ,
    • Undelete multiple files in one pass. I
    • Make file selections based on the owner with the /OWNER or /IDENT qualifier. F
    • Undeleted files which cannot be entered back in their original Cdirectory will be moved to the [SYSLOST] directory. This saves an (additional ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR action. 
    

     <

    12.2 How Undelete works

    

    ,The UNDELETE command operates as follows : 

      F
    1. Lock the volume. In the same manner as ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR and SET VOLUME A/REBUILD Undelete locks the disk for other writers such that no modifications 2to the INDEXF, BITMAP or QUOTA file can be made. H
    2. Search the INDEXF.SYS file if the requested file is still there. A check 6is made if it really is a valid deleted file header. D
    3. Checks if the deleted file header and all possible extension headers are still valid. D
    4. Checks if the blocks previously owned by this file are still free. A
    5. If all these conditions are met DFU will display the file and asks for a confirmation. G
    6. Rebuilds all of the deleted file headers and bitmaps in memory. 9If no errors are found all the file headers and bitmaps Eare written back to disk. The files original backlink is saved in a table in memory. @
    7. If appropiate the blocks and headers are charged against diskquota. G
    8. When all of INDEXF.SYS has been scanned the volume is unlocked. A
    9. The file(s) is (are) entered in the original directory if possible, @using the table build up in memory. If the enter command fails (probably Ebecause the original directory is gone) the file will be entered in 6[SYSLOST]. DFU will create this directory if needed. 
    

    DIf the /LIST qualifier is used, DFU will just list the recoverable Dfiles without performing any action on the disk. The disk will not be locked. 

    @It is important to note that during the bitmap and file header processing Gany error will immediately terminate the recovery process, and unlock the Fdisk. Files which have been recovered up to that point will still be Gentered in the appropiate directory. As no wrong information has been Hwritten back to the disk this should leave the disk in a proper state. 

    ENOTE: The blocks recovered will NOT be subtracted from the Volume's free 6block count. To get the actual freeblock count a SET VOLUME/REBUILD=FORCE Gis necessary. Also a complete reMOUNT will reset the freeblock count. 

    GIMPORTANT: DFU takes care to recover only files whose original blocks are Ffree. However these blocks may have been modified in the meantime by Ianother file which also has been deleted. Therefore each recovered file 2must be checked manually to check its integrity. 

    !Example of a Undelete session :

     DFU> undel $1$dua102:/list    /Recoverable file [TEST]CHANGE_UIC.FOR;2 found  -Recoverable file [TEST]CHECK_ID.FOR;1 found  .Recoverable file [TEST]CHKPRDIMG.FOR;1 found  +Recoverable file [TEST]CHRLEN.FOR;1 found    %DFU> undel/file=*.for $1$DUA102:    (%DFU-I-READBMAP, Reading BITMAP.SYS...  ,%DFU-W-LOCKED, Volume now LOCKED for write  *%DFU-I-UNDEL, Start search on $1$DUA102:    /Recoverable file [TEST]CHANGE_UIC.FOR;2 found  "Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : n  -Recoverable file [TEST]CHECK_ID.FOR;1 found  "Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : y  ,%DFU-S-RECOVER, File succesfully recovered  (%DFU-I-ADDQUOTA, updating diskquota...    .Recoverable file [TEST]CHKPRDIMG.FOR;1 found  "Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : n  +Recoverable file [TEST]CHRLEN.FOR;1 found  "Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : y    ,%DFU-S-RECOVER, File succesfully recovered  (%DFU-I-ADDQUOTA, updating diskquota...   %DFU-I-UNLOCK, Volume unlocked  0%DFU-I-ENTER, Entering file(s) in directory...  A%DFU-S-ENTERED, File CHECK_ID.FOR entered in original directory  ?%DFU-S-ENTERED, File CHRLEN.FOR entered in original directory    DFU> EXIT    
    

     A

    12.3 Files marked for delete

    

    FNormally DFU does not undelete files marked for delete. This version Dintroduces a new qualifier, /MARKED , which specifically undeletes Bfiles marked for delete. This allows the recovery of files which =are deleted but still open, such as INSTALLed files or even Crecovery of the system dump file SYSDUMP.DMP whenever such a file is deleted.  G

    12.4 UIC and identifier processing

    

    GAs of this version of DFU the /OWNER and /IDENT qualifier now accepts all valid uic or 2identifier formats. See chapter 9.5 for details.  


    *

    UNDELETE

    

    0Recover one or more deleted files on a device. 
    
    

    Format

    

    UNDELETE device[:]

    
    
    

    PARAMETERS

    

    device

    4The device on which to undelete one or more files. >The  device will be write-locked during the undelete process. 
    
    

    QUALIFIERS

    

    /FILE=filename

    HThe file to be recovered. Wildcards may be used. If a matching file is found HUndelete will ask a confirmation. If a certain file is confirmed, that Ifile will be recovered if possible, and control will be returned to the IDFU> prompt. If the /FILE qualifier is omitted DFU will assume *.*;* . "

    /IDENT=identifier or uic

    .You can search for files owned by a specific =identifier or uic. Another way is the /OWNER_UIC qualifier; ?you cannot combine these 2 qualifier in one UNDELETE command. "

    /LIST(=output-file-name)

    DGenerate a list of recoverable files. No undelete will take place, Cand the disk will not be locked. The defaultoutput is SYS$OUTPUT. 

    /MARKED

    @Consider only files marked-for-delete. Such files are usuallly 8still open by some utility, such as INSTALLed files or the system dump file. &

    /OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier

    AThis qualifier is used to select files by a uic or identifier . 1You cannot combine this qualifier with /IDENT. 

    /STATISTICS

    GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. 
    

     


    6

    Chapter 13
    SPAWN

    

    :The new SPAWN command creates an interactive subprocess. EThis allows a quick escape to the DCL level from an interactive DFU 8session. The subprocess has a default prompt DFU_sub$. ?In SMG mode the <DO> key also performs a SPAWN command. :You must logout explicitly to return to the DFU session.  


    7

    Chapter 14
    VERIFY

    

    GThis chapter describes the VERIFY command with the related parameters and qualifiers.  6

    14.1 Introduction

    

    IThe VERIFY command makes an analysis of the disk, scanning for file and disk Estructure errors. VERIFY performs almost all of the checks normally done Dby a ANALYZE/DISK command. But VERIFY is several times faster than )ANALYZE/DISK, and using less resources.  

    0


    Next page...  | ,Contents   0[SYSHLP]DFU024_003.HTML  RZ+mLs(|r" 00<LDFU I2.4 !

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    ?
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    1VERIFY checks and reports the following errors: 

      H
    • Checks the logical information contained in the disks HOME block )
    • Reports files marked for deletion 5
    • Reports mismatches in the index file's bitmap 
    • Checks all backlinks. )
    • Reports multiple allocated blocks <
    • Reports blocks incorrectly marked free and allocated 
    • Reports all lost files G
    • Checks for mismatches between blocks used and blocks charged in QUOTA.SYS. '(Only done when diskquota is enabled) 
    

     >

    14.2 Basic repair actions

    

    6The /FIX qualifier can be used to perform some basic Irepair actions. Unlike ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR this does not lock the disk! $/FIX repairs the following errors: 

      5
    • Deletes file marked for delete (if possible). ;
    • Recovers lost files and directories into [SYSLOST]. G
    • Recovers a very rare problem which will get ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR Cinto a computable loop (This problem is fixed in VMS V6.2 or with the VERI02_061 patch kit). C
    • Recovers a corrupted backlink for the Master File Directory 000000.DIR. 
    

     <

    14.3 Directory scanning

    

    CThis version of DFU introduces the new /DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifier. AThis qualifier directs DFU to scan all directories on the disk. This has some advantages : 

      I
    • Better detection of some cases of 'lost' files. Combined with the G/FIX qualifier DFU may be able to recover such files into the correct 6directory instead of moving such files to [SYSLOST]. B
    • Detects and fixes file-id mismatches between the directory and the INDEXF.SYS file. F
    • Using the /DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifier makes DFU fully compatible with ANALYZE/DISK. 
    

    EPlease note that a complete directory scan may take several minutes to complete.  A

    14.4 Advanced repair actions

    

    9The /REBUILD qualifier can be used to perform some more 7repair actions. This will however lock the disk (like Ea DCL $SET VOLUME/REBUILD=FORCE command) for a short period of time I(usually less than 30 seconds). /REBUILD repairs the following errors : 

      D
    • Mismatches in the INDEXF.SYS bitmap (files reported with the NOBITSET and NOBITCLR errors) F
    • Blocks incorrectly marked allocated or free in the BITMAP.SYS. )
    • Mismatches in the diskquota file. 
    

    @Note that /REBUILD does NOT change the disks free block count. 

     =

    14.5 Interpreting errors

    

    @On a system (cluster) wide mounted disk there will probably be Fconcurrent disk activity during the VERIFY command. Therefore VERIFY may report Dsome errors which are not really errors. Try running VERIFY 2 or 3 times *to see if the errors are reported again. ETo get a really consistent report from VERIFY you can use the /LOCK qualifier. HThis will write-lock the disk during the VERIFY run, so don't use this Cqualifier too often. (The /REPAIR qualifier of ANALYZE/DISK also Cwrite-locks the disk). Even if DFU ends ungracefully the DFU exit handler will always UNLOCK the disk.  9

    14.6 Error reporting

    

    -An example of a typical VERIFY run follows:

     DFU> VERIFY mydisk  "%DFU-I-VERIFY, Verifying MYDISK:  -%DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OK  (%DFU-I-IFSCAN, Scanning INDEXF.SYS ...  *%DFU-I-CHKBITMAP, Checking BITMAP.SYS...  ,%DFU-I-CHKLOST, Checking for lost files...  (%DFU-I-CHKQUOTA, Checking QUOTA.SYS...     &DFU> VERIFY/REBUILD sys$sysdevice  (%DFU-W-LOCKED, Volume now write locked  )%DFU=I-VERIFY, Verifying SYS$SYSDEVICE:  -%DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OK  M%DFU-W-DELETED, file (620,351,1) RSF_DI_RSF_SERVER0.TMP;3 marked for delete  G%DFU-W-DELETED, file (6349,173,1) DCLTABLES.EXE;937 marked for delete  N%DFU-W-DELETED, file (19745,35,1) RSF_DI_RSF_SERVER0.TMP;3 marked for delete  *%DFU-I-CHKBITMAP, Checking BITMAP.SYS...  R%DFU-E-ALLOCCLR, blocks LBN 2667141 through 2667143 incorrectly marked allocated  R%DFU-E-ALLOCCLR, blocks LBN 2667153 through 2667161 incorrectly marked allocated    .    .  2%DFU-S-RBDBITMAP, BITMAP.SYS succesfully rebuild  ,%DFU-I-CHKLOST, Checking for lost files...   %DFU-I-UNLOCK, Volume unlocked    	DFU>  
    

    )VERIFY can report the following errors:

    1ALLOCCLR, blocks incorrectly marked allocated, 
    Severity  ERROR Explanation DBlocks were found which are not allocated by a file but set in the DBITMAP file. This error is often seen when VERIFY is run and there His concurrent file activity on the disk. Also, if after a system crash <the disk is mounted with /NOREBUILD such blocks may exist. =ReRun VERIFY with /LOCK to see if the error is still there. User Action 0Run VERIFY/REBUILD to rebuild the BITMAP file.
    ,ALLOCSET, blocks incorrectly marked free, 
    Severity  ERROR Explanation DBlocks were found which are allocated by a file but not set in the DBITMAP file. This error is often seen when VERIFY is run and there His concurrent file activity on the disk. Also, if after a system crash <the disk is mounted with /NOREBUILD such blocks may exist. =ReRun VERIFY with /LOCK to see if the error is still there. User Action 0Run VERIFY/REBUILD to rebuild the BITMAP file.
    +BADBLOCK, file has suspected bad blocks, 
    Severity  ERROR Explanation AA file has suspected bad blocks. This is likely to be caused by hardware errors on the disk. User Action ETry to copy the file to another location. Also check the Error Log.
    .BADEXTLNK, link to extension header broken, 
    Severity  ERROR Explanation >VERIFY tries to follow the extension link of the file and it -failed, or the extension header is invalid. User Action ITry ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR. However, this may be an unrepairable error, in which 1case the file will be corrupted and unreliable.
    <BADMFDLNK, directory has backlink to 000000.DIR on RVN n, 
    Severity  ERROR Explanation =A directory has a backlink to a Master file directory other Gthan the one on RVN 1. This is incorrect, but the only way to recover is to >reenter the directory manually into the 000000.DIR on RVN 1. User Action EDo a SET FILE/ENTER into the 000000.DIR directory on RVN 1, then do .a SET FILE/REMOVE from the wrong 000000.DIR.
    #DELETED, file marked for delete, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation DA file was found marked for deletion. Such files usually exists as Ea result of file being deleted while it was still INSTALLed , or as Ga result of a system crash. It is not considered as an error. You can try +to delete such files by using VERIFY/FIX.
    #ERRHOME, Home block info not OK, 
    Severity  ERROR Explanation GThe Info contained in the Home Block was not consistent or corrupted. User Action 2Run ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR to try to fix the error.
    (INVBAKFID, file has invalid backlink, 
    Severity  ERROR Explanation EThe files backlink file id is not filled in. This is likely to be a lost Afile. (Note that once VERIFY reports this error, it will not be reported Fagain during the LOSTFILE check). But is also possible that the file Fis in a valid directory, but that the Backlink file id is not filled in. User Action BRun ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR. If the file is in a valid directory the backlink will @be repaired. Otherwise the file will be moved to the [SYSLOST] directory. GYou can also use VERIFY/FIX but then the file will unconditionally be moved to [SYSLOST].
    #LOCKED, file is deaccess locked, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation FThe file is deaccess locked. This may be a result of a system crash. User Action DTry to unlock the file with the DFU SET command, or the DCL UNLOCK command.
    1LOSTHDR1, file found in nonexistent directory, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation CDuring the lost file check a file was discovered in a nonexistent directory. ?This error can be caused as follows : set a directory file to NODIRECTORY and delete it. User Action =Run VERIFY/FIX to move the file to the [SYSLOST] directory.
    7LOSTHDR2, file found in directory with bad backlink, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation HDuring the lost file check a file was discovered in a valid directory. 1However, the directory has an invalid backlink. DThis error can be caused by doing a SET FILE/REMOVE of a directory file. User Action BRun VERIFY/FIX to move the directory to the [SYSLOST] directory. DThen move the directory back to the correct location. The files in *the directory should be accesible again.
    -LOSTHDR3, file found in invalid directory, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation HDuring the lost file check a file was discovered in a directory which Dis not a valid directory. Either the file has a wrong backlink, or >the directory file has the directory file attribute not set. User Action HLook up the directory and use DFU SET to set the directory bit. If the Edirectory file was OK then run VERIFY/FIX to recover the lost file.
    &LOSTHDR4, not found in a directory, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation @When the /DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifier is used , DFU detects files Fwhich have a valid backlink but which are not seen in the directory. !This can be repaired with /FIX. User Action =Using /FIX will enter these files in the correct directory.
    (MULTALLOC, blocks multiple allocated, 
    Severity  ERROR Explanation CA file has blocks allocated which already belong to another file. =Note that VERIFY will make a second pass through INDEXF.SYS Ito report all the files involved. This is a serious error, and may be a =result of a disk being mounted on two seperated VAXClusters (or a partitioned VAXCluster). User Action GCopy all the files found to another location. Next all the files must be Edeleted. Run VERIFY/REBUILD to repair the BITMAP. All the afflicted Ifiles must be manually inspected to see which files are valid and which are corrupted.
    -NOBITCLR, Deleted file header marked BUSY, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation GA file was deleted. The corresponding bit in the INDEXF bitmap should be 8cleared but is still set. This is not a serious error. User Action &Run VERIFY/REBUILD to fix the error.
    +NOBITSET, index file bitmap bit not set, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation BA valid file was found , but the corresponding index file bitmap ,bit is clear. This is not a serious error. User Action &Run VERIFY/REBUILD to fix the error.
    NOOWNER, file has no owner, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation DA file was found with UIC [0,0] as the owner. This is not a normal situation. User Action -Look up the file and modify the file owner.
    CQUOTAERR, UIC [x,y] has n blocks used, QUOTA indicates m blocks, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation HIf a disk has diskquota enabled, VERIFY calculates the blocks used and Ecompares them with the value in the QUOTA.SYS file. Any mismatch is reported. 8This error is often seen when VERIFY is run, and there His concurrent file activity on the disk. Also, if after a system crash Fthe disk is mounted with /NOREBUILD such Quota mismatches may exist. =ReRun VERIFY with /LOCK to see if the error is still there. User Action /Run VERIFY/REBUILD to rebuild the QUOTA file. )Or run a DISKQUOTA> REBUILD command.
    (SLFBAKFID, backlink points to itself, 
    Severity WARNING Explanation EThis error indicates that DFU has found a directory with a backlink pointing Fto itself. This feature is only allowed for the MFD 000000.DIR. This error ;will result in ANALYZE/DISK going into a COMputable loop. User Action BRun VERIFY/FIX to move the directory to the [SYSLOST] directory. DThen remove the directory entry from itself with a SET FILE/REMOVE command. 7The files in the directory should be accesible again.  
    (

    VERIFY

    

    ,VERIFY a device for disk structure errors. 
    
    

    Format

    

    VERIFY device[:]

    
    
    

    PARAMETERS

    

    device

    The device to be verified. 
    
    

    QUALIFIERS

    

    /APPEND=filename

    :This qualifier redirects the output to be appended to an Calready existing file. If the output file does not exists it will :be created. You can use /APPEND or /OUTPUT but not both. 

    /DIRECTORY_SCAN

    DPerforms a full directory scan. This may take up some time, but it <allows detection of mismatches between the directories and INDEXF.SYS. 

    /FIX

    

    /NOFIX (default)

    GRepair errors on the disk. File marked for delete will be deleted and 8lost files and directories will be moved to [SYSLOST]. 

    /LOCK

    

    /NOLOCK (default)

    FLocks the disk for file allocation/deletion. This gives a consistent report Ifor the disk, but other users may experience a delay when accessing the disk. >The device will be unlocked a the end of the VERIFY command. 

    /OUTPUT=filename

    @This qualifier redirects the output to a file. The output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT. 7CAUTION: if you use /LOCK in combination with /OUTPUT Cbe carefull to specify an outputfile on ANOTHER disk, or DFU will finish with a severe error. 

    /REBUILD

    

    /NOREBUILD (default)

    Perform a volume rebuild. FUsing this qualifier will temporarily lock the disk for other users. 

    /STATISTICS

    GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. 
    

    - Contents   0[SYSHLP]DFU024_CONTENTS.HTMLaZqLs(|r" 00?   DFU I2.4   "

    DFU I2.4


    3| First page |)

    Contents (summary)

     


    

    Contents

     <
    | Next page...  |   0![SYSHLP]DFUECO2_024.RELEASE_NOTES  c@H Xh3K 00 INTERNAL USE ONLY DFU 2.4 Eco 2 Release Notes =========================== To : All DFU subscribers 1. Introduction --------------- Several problems have been discovered for V2.4 of DFU. Part of these were already covered by ECO1. This new ECO2 kit solves some additional problems. This ECO kit is now available as : UTRTSC::SYS$PUBLIC:DEC-AXPVMS-DFU-V0204-2-1.PCSI;1 (Alpha) UTRTSC::SYS$PUBLIC:DEC-VAXVMS-DFU-V0204-2-1.PCSI;1 (VAX) This kit will bump up the I2.4 version of DFU to I2.4-2. Installation of this kit is recommended if you are using the VERIFY/DIR and/or the DELETE/DIR command. See .5 for a description of all the fixes. 2. Before you install ECO 2. ---------------------------- Before you install this ECO kit you must check the following : - Installation is done via the PRODUCT INSTALL command. This means that this ECO kit con only be installed on VMS V6.1 and higher (up to and inluding VMS 7.1). - If DFU is INSTALLed (via DFU$STARTUP) you must manually remove DFU via the following command: $ INSTAL REMOVE SYS$SYSTEM:DFU Failing to do so will result in problems during installation. - This kit is INTERNAL USE ONLY. Do not install this kit outside Digital EASYNET. 3. Installation procedure. -------------------------- After copying the kit to your own directory installation is performed via the following command : $ PRODUCT INSTALL DFU/SOURCE=:[your_directory] During the installation you will have the option of installing the documentation. This kit is a full installation kit and can also be installed even if DFU has not been installed before. 4. Restrictions and support --------------------------- This version DFU is strictly INTERNAL USE ONLY. Apart for this release notes I have not changed the original V2.4 documentation. Also the help file is unchanged. The installation procedure no longer offers the possibility to install to a private directory. Instead a new file SYS$SYSTEM:DFU.EXE is created; you may want to move the file from there to your own directory. Support as always is not official, but I appreciate any problems reported to me at UTRTSC::DORLAND or ton.dorland@uto.mts.dec.com. You may also post replies to note 1533 at NOTED::HACKERS. I will try to fix any serious problems found with DFU. 5. Problems fixed in ECO 2 -------------------------- Fix for DELETE/DIRECTORY : - The DELETE/DIRECTORY code has been rewritten. Previously files which couldn't be deleted for some reason became 'lost' files. As of V2.4 non-privileged users can use this command so this has become a major problem. As of ECO 2 such files will now be left intact in their original directory. Fix for VERIFY/DIRECTORY : - Yet another problem was discovered which could cause a valid directory to be 'seen' as invalid. As a result all files within this directory would be marked as lost files. This problem could only occur under very rare circumstances. Fixes for DEFRAG/DISK : - Several minor problems were fixed. These fixes will result in better defragmentation. Problems fixed in ECO 1 -------------------------- General fixes: - Previous versions of DFU always required an exact device name (or a logical name). As of ECO 1 DFU allows some more freedom, eg. if the device is named $1$DIA1 DFU will now also accept DIA1, or even DIA if there is only one DIA device. If the device name is not unique DFU will display the new error message : %DFU-E-NOTUNIQ, Device name is not unique - Some DFU commands flushed the disks ACP caches when it was not really necessary Fixes for VERIFY/DIR: - The VERIFY/DIR/FIX command could result in a computable loop - VERIFY/DIR and some other commands could result in an ACCVIO if the directory was not named .DIR;1 - Sometimes VERIFY/DIR would report a directory as invalid. This could only happen if the first directory entry in a block was exactly 256 bytes large. - Files with 'lost' backlinks are now correctly reeentered in the original directory Fixes for SEARCH: - SEARCH/FULL did not properly display the file date fields. An ASCII date field is 23 bytes, but DFU only displayed 21 or 22 bytes. - Fixed a rare problem where SEARCH resulted in files with '[]' as the resultant directory. This could only happen when BYPASS privilege was disabled. Also DEFRAGMENT/LBN sometimes gave a NOVOLSET error; this problem was caused by the same bug. - SEARCH /FORMAT /APPEND did not work due to a bug in the command definition file. Regards and have fun, Ton Dorland 0[SYSHLP]DFUHLP.HLBPNPwLs(|r"M M00>% VAX-11 Librarian V04-00ÒrȒrMN5 DFUtbr1 DFU@The ODS-2 Disk and File Utilities is a high performance utility Gdeveloped to perform routine maintenance and special purpose operationsAon disks, files and directories. The functionality offered by DFUGis not or partly available through other DCL commands or VMS utilities. -NOTE: DFU I2.4 is DIGITAL INTERNAL USE ONLY. ;Version 2.4 is also available as freeware. Use version V2.4from the freeware CD V3.0 DFU has the following functions:6 o DEFRAGMENT  : defragment individual files and disksJ o DELETE : delete files by file-id, and delete directory(trees) fast o DIRECTORY functions 6 : COMPRESS , CREATE or DUMP directoriesG : search directories for files with multiple versions , 4 alias files , or empty directoriesD o INDEXF : analyze , defragment truncate and extend INDEXF.SYS+ o REPORT : reports disk fragmentation! o SEARCH : search for files$ o SET : set file attributes& o UNDELETE : recover deleted files8 o VERIFY : analyze (and repair) the disk structure2 AuthorGDFU is written by Ton Dorland, Digital Equipment , Utrecht Netherlands.>Please report all problems and other questions to him by mail,2Easynet address UTRTSC::DORLAND or DORLAND @ UTO. ,Internet address DORLAND@UTRTSC.ENET.DEC.COM2 Restrictions9- DFU cannot handle volume sets with more than 32 disks. @- The INDEXF/DEFRAG , /EXTEND and /TRUNCATE commands can not be ! performed on the system disk. <- This version may not be given to customers or used onsite.B Customers should be pointed to the DFU version V2.2 available on? the freeware CD V2.0 (also available on the World Wide Web).2 DEFRAG?The defrag option is used to defragment a single file or files,or to optimize a complete diskSyntax:9 DEFRAG file1,file2,...,@file3 (/DEVICE=/BESTTRY) DEFRAG/DISK device: 3 Parameters device: file1,file2,...,@file3>You must specify a file (list) with a full file specification =or a logical name. You may also use an indirect command file <eg.: DEFRAG @DEFRAG.COM(/device=). This enables you Dto generate a list with SEARCH device/OUTPUT=file and use that file Eas input to the DEFRAG command. The list generated by DFU SEARCH willJcontain the device name in the file specification. If you have a filelist Dfrom another source which does not contain the device name you must 5use /DEVICE as to append the device name to the  file.8The device parameter is used for the DEFRAG/DISK option. 3 Qualifiers/BESTTRYIThis qualifier directs DFU to create a file using the contiguous-best-tryImethod. Default DFU tries to make a completely contiguous file. On highly0fragmented or used disks this may be impossible./DEVICE=device_name(Append the device-name to the filename. /DISK@Perform a complete disk-wide optimization. The parameter must beAa device name. DFU will first defragment files, and then optim ize:the freespace on the disk. See the /OPTIMIZE qualifier formore information./LBN=EMove a single file to the target logical block number. This is faster:than having the file system search for a new LBN location.BCaution: Use this qualifier only for processing a single file, not=a list of files. If there is not enough contiguous free space3available at the target LBN Defrag will fail with aDEVICEFULL error./MAXSIZE=@During a DEFRAG/DISK do no t move files larger than the specifiedsize./NOLOG>During a DEFRAG/DISK run all files being moved will be logged./This can be disabled with the /NOLOG qualifier. /NOVOLSET@When using DEFRAG/DISK on a volume set all members of the volume@set will be processed. By using /NOVOLSET only the target volume0specified on the command-line will be processed. /OPTIMIZE /OPTIMIZE=optionJThis qualifier has two options : /OPTIMIZE=FILES and /OPTIMIZE=FREESPACE. -This allows some con trol over the DEFRAG/DISK;process. Default action for DEFRAG/DISK is to optimize bothfiles and freespace. /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /NOSTATISTICS (default)2 Controls whether CPU and I/O consumption of the command are shown. /WRITECHECK /WRITECHECK /NOWRITECHECK (default)D Performs a write check on the resultant file after the defragment operation. 2 DELETE&The Delete command serves 2 purposes : o Delete files by File-id= o Delete complete directories and directory trees very fast>Deleting files by file id's (with the /FILE qualifier) can be =usefull in removing files which are no longer in a directory (eg. files marked for delete). DDeleting a directory (with the /DIRECTORY qualifier) is 2 - 3 times @faster than the normal DCL delete command, especially for large Bdirectories. The /TREE qualifier can be used to delete a complete %directory tree with just one command.4The /FILE and /DIRECTORY command cannot be combined. Syntax :& (1) DELETE /FILE=@ (2) DELETE /DIRECTORY(/Qualifiers) 3 Qualifiers /DIRECTORYD This qualifier directs DFU to delete the complete contents of theB specified directory, followed by a delete of the directory fileC itself. Note: make sure the directory does not contain non-empty? subdirectories, because these files will become lost files. = See also the /TREE qualifier. The parameter must specify a> full directory file name. Wildcards may be used. Examples :0 DFU> DELETE mydisk:[000000]gone.dir/DIRECTORY9 gone.dir will be deleted with its contents. > DFU> DELETE/DIRECTORY mydisk:[maindir.subdir]removethis.dir? removethis.dir will be deleted with its contents./FILE /FILE=G The full 3 number file-id of the file to be deleted. In combination E with the required device parameter this results in a unique file. A To avoid possible errors a full file id is required. Example :$ DFU> DELETE mydisk/FILE=(234,567,1)/KEEP /NOKEEP (default)@ Used with DELETE/DIRECTORY(/TREE). This qualifier directs DFU> to delete the directory(tree) but to preserve the directory files. /NOLOG /LOG (default)I This qualifier is used only with the /DIRECTORY qualifier. Default DFUE will report each deleted file. This can be suppressed with /NOLOG. /NOREMOVE /REMOVE (default)E This qualifier can only be used with /FILE. Default DFU will also A try to remove the file from the parent directory. For lost or H marked-for-delete files this is not possible, and the DELETE command  will probably fail.? The /NOREMOVE qualifier will override the default behaviour. /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /NOSTATISTICS (default)2 Controls whether CPU and I/O consumption of the command are shown./TREE H This qualifier is only used in combination with /DIRECTORY. Starting C with the specified directoy all (sub)directory contents and all ) (sub)directory files will be deleted. 2 DIRECTORYEThe DIRECTORY command provides 7 different functions depending on thequalifiers used. Syntax: DIRECTORY/COMPRESS & Compresses one or more directories.% DIRECTORY/CREATE/ALLOCATE=n 4 Create an empty directory file 'n' blocks in size DIRECTORY/DUMP - Provides a block level dump of a directory DIRECTORY/ALIAS @  Searches all directories on the device for alias file entries DIRECTORY/EMPTY + Searches the disk for empty directories. DIRECTORY/VERSION=n 9 Searches all directories on the device for files which have at least n versions. 3The qualifiers /ALIAS, /EMPTY, and /VERSION can be combined in one command.2Other combinations of qualifiers are not possible. 3 Parameters file,(@file) ?The /COMPRESS and /DUMP qualifier require a directory-file name 6as a parameter.You may also specify a logical name or Dan indirect command file as a parameter eg.: DIR/COMPRESS @DIR.COM .CThis enables you to generate a list with SEARCH device/OUTPUT=file 5and use that file as input to the DIRECTORY command. AThe list generated by DFU SEARCH will contain the device name in /the file specification. If you have a filelist Dfrom another source which does not contain the device name you must 5use /DEVICE as to append the device name to the file.deviceBThe /ALIAS, /EMPTY and /VERSION qualifier require a device name as a parameter. 3 Qualifiers/ALIAS 2 Scan all directories on a disk for alias files. /ALLOCATE=nA Used in combination with /CREATE. Generates an empty directory* with a preallocated size of 'n' blocks. /COMPRESS > Recreates and compresses the directory. Because directories? are alphabetically sorted files, deleting and entering files= randomly will create 'holes' in directory files. /COMPRESS; will remove these holes by rebuilding and truncating the directory./CREATE1 Create an empty directory. See also /ALLOCATE./DEVICE=device-nameA Append the device name to the directory-file name. Can only be used with /COMPRESS or /DUMP/DUMP 8 Produces a dump of the directory file block by block.6 This command may be usefull for debugging corrupted or suspected directories./EMPTY' Scan the disk for empty directories. /FILL_FACTOR  /FILL_FACTOR=percentage> This qualifier is only valid in combination with /COMPRESS.@ Default behaviour for DFU is to compress a directory as tight7 as possible; this is equivalent to /FILL_FACTOR=100.; By choosing a lower fill_factor DFU will leave some free> space in each directory block. /FILL_FACTOR may be between < 50 and 100 %. Caution : choosing a fill_factor lower than; 100% may fail if the directory file is not large enough.9 In that case DFU will signal an error and advise using a higher fill_factor./FORMAT=format_string> Used with /VERSION and /OUTPUT. Create an output file using= the format as described in formatstring. The format string> MUST contains the !AS directive; DFU fills in the resultant file there. Example :2 DFU> DIR/VERSION=3/OUT=P.COM/FORMAT="$purge !AS" /OUTPUT /OUTPUT=filenameB This qualifier redirects the output from DFU to an output file. /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /NOSTATISTICS (default)2 Controls whether CPU and I/O consumption of the command are shown./TEST  A This qualifier can be used only in conjunction with /COMPRESS.: When /TEST is specified DFU will show the results of a ? directory compression without actually performing a compress operation. /TRUNCATE /TRUNCATE(=n)> This qualifier is only valid in combination with /COMPRESS.; After compressing a directory DFU will NOT truncate the > empty blocks at the end of the directory , unless /TRUNCATEB is specified. A number 'n' may be specified to let DFU truncate; no further than 'n' blocks. ('n' will be rounded up to a; multiple of the disks cluster size.) Example: a 60 blockD directory A.DIR can be compressed to 20 blocks. The results are: 8 DIR/COMPRESS --> A.DIR size 20/60 blocks.: DIR/COMPRESS/TRUNCATE --> A.DIR size 20/20 blocks.: DIR/COMPRESS/TRUNCATE=40 --> A.DIR size 20/40 blocks./VERSION /VERSION=n> Scan all directories of a given device for files which have at least 'n' versions. 2 EXITLeave DFU (return to DCL)2 HELPDisplays this text2 INDEXFIThe INDEXF command is used to analyze ,defragment ,truncate or extend theEINDEXF.SYS file. The analyze option reports the current fragmentationFstate, whereas the defragment and extend option allows defragmentationAor pre-extending of INDEXF.SYS. Truncate is an option which trims(down INDEXF.SYS to the end-of-file size.*To perform a defragment truncate or extend1operation the disk must be completely dismounted.>NOTE: defragment truncate and extend require VOLPRO privilege.H : defragment truncate and extend can not be done on the system disk.Syntax :  INDEXF /Qualifiers 3 Qualifiers/ANALYZED Displays information about the number of fragments in INDEXF.SYS C and the largest contiguous free space. If INDEXF.SYS can not be ; defragmented a "%DFU-W-NOOPT" message will be displayed./DEFRAGA Starts a defragment operation on INDEXF.SYS. The disk must be A clusterwide dismounted before starting a defragment operation./EXTEND /EXTEND=n (number of blocks) A Extends INDEXF.SYS with 'n' blocks in 1 new fragment. This is F equivalent to 'n' extra file headers. The disk must be clusterwide 2 dismounted before starting an extend operation.C The 'n' value will be rounded up to be a multiple of the device  cluster size./SHADOW_MEMBER /SHADOW_MEMBER=device:? The physical member of the shadowset on which to perform an ? EXTEND or DEFRAG operation. This qualifier is only required 5 in combination with /DEFRAG and /EXTEND. Example :4 DFU> INDEXF/DEFRAG DSA0:/SHADOW_MEMBER=$1$DUA104:/SHOW_POINTERSF Displays all mapping pointer information during the analyze phase. /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /NOSTATISTICS (default)2 Controls whether cpu and I/O consumption of the command are shown. /TRUNCATE<  If possible the INDEXF.SYS file will be truncated back to7 the end-of-file size. The disk must be dismounted to perform this operation.2 New_Features_V2.44This version of DFU has the following new features :6 o Improved handling of UIC's. All valid numeric and4 alphanumeric UIC's and Identifiers can now be used.7 o /APPEND allows appending the output to an existing output file.; o /OVER_ALLOCATED : new qualifier for the SEARCH command< o REPORT: several qualifiers  added to control the output.6 /USAGE can now also be used as /USAGE= to report, diskusage for a specific UIC or Identifier.= o VERIFY : /DIRECTORY_SCAN verifies and optionally repairs4 directories. This command replaces DIRECTORY/CHECK.2 REPORTEThe report option generates a file and free space report of the disk.CAlso a graph table is made which gives you a quick view on the freespace distribution of the disk.Syntax :  REPORT /Qualifiers 3 Qualifiers/APP>!END /APPEND=filename: Same as /OUTPUT, but the output will be appended to the7 file if it already exists. Thus output from multiple3 DFU commands can be put in the same output file.2 If the file does not exists it will be created./GRAPH /GRAPH /NOGRAPH (default)= This qualifier enables the graph output of the free space > distribution for the disk. The default behaviour is not to  display the graph output./OUTPUT /OUTPUT=filenameB This qu"alifier redirects the output from DFU to an output file. /NOBITMAP % Skip the bitmap statistics report./NOFILE$ Skip the file statistics report. /NOVOLUME Skip the volume info report. /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /NOSTATISTICS (default)2 Controls whether cpu and I/O consumption of the command are shown./USAGE(=uic or identifier): Generate a diskblock usage report. DFU will report per ? UIC/Identifier the blocks used/allocated, and the num #ber of B file headers used. If diskquota is enabled a third column will F be added to the report with the blocks used according to QUOTA.SYS.= If an UIC or Identifier is entered then only that UIC will be reported.- The diskquota used must satisfy the rule :5 QUOTA used = blocks allocated + # of file headers.2 Screen_Management<This version of DFU uses Screen Management (SMG) routines to8perform output. DFU will automatically select SMG unlessBthe terminal does not ha$ve SMG capabilities, if DFU is executed in4a batch job or if the logical DFU$NOSMG is defined. ?In any of these 3 cases DFU will switch to normal line orientedoutput. 3 Line_Mode1You can force DFU to line mode output by defining#the logical DFU$NOSMG to any value.3 Special_Keys:In SMG mode the following keys perform special functions :$ o CTRL/W : Redraws the screen% o DO : Spawns a subprocess+ o HELP or PF2 : Invokes the help facilityF o PF4 : Dump%s the screen contents in the file DFU_SCREEN.TXT7 o PREV_SCREEN : Scrolls back trough the output window; o NEXT_SCREEN : Scrolls forward through the output window/ o SELECT : Toggle between 80/132 columns' o UP/DOWN : Recall command buffer2 SEARCHAThe SEARCH option lets you search for specific files on a device.Syntax :  SEARCH /Qualifiers 3 Qualifiers /ALLOCATED3 When using the /SIZE qualifier, the default size3 used for comparison is the actu&al file size. Use8 /ALLOCATED to force DFU to use the allocated filesize for comparison./APPEND /APPEND=filename: Same as /OUTPUT, but the output will be appended to the7 file if it already exists. Thus output from multiple3 DFU commands can be put in the same output file.2 If the file does not exists it will be created./BACKUP /BACKUP=keyword(=value)8 This qualifier is used in combination with 3 possible9 keywords : BEFORE=date, SINCE=date or NONE. T'he backup6 date is used in for selecting files. You can either8 use SINCE and BEFORE or NONE , but not both. The NONE9 keyword gives you files which don't have a backup date recorded. Examples : o /BACKUP=BEFORE=date- o /BACKUP=(BEFORE=date,SINCE=anotherdate) o /BACKUP=NONE/BAKFID /BAKFID=backlink-file-id5 You can use this qualifier to look for a file with; a specific backlink. Only the first part of the file id = must be specified, that is , if( the File id is (x,y,z) you% must specifiy 'x' as the file-id. E You can use this qualifier to get files from a specific directory.> If you use /BAKFID=0 you will get files not belonging to a % directory (often temporary files)./CHARACTERISTICS( /CHARACTERISTICS=(characteristic,...)2 This qualifier is used to select files by their8 characteristics. The possible characteristics you can specify are :3 o BADACL : files marked with a bad ACL list/ o BADBLO )CK : files marked with Bad Blocks3 o BESTTRY : files marked contiguous-best-try- o CONTIGUOUS : files which are contiguous3 o DIRECTORY : files marked as a directory file- o ERASE : erase file before deletion6 o LOCKED : files with the deacces lock bit set, o MARKED : files marked for deletion+ o NOBACKUP : files marked as NoBackup+ o NOCHARGE : files marked as NOCHARGE: o NOMOVE : files marked as NOMOVE (VMS 5.5+ only!) o SPOO*L : spool files0 o SCRATCH : files marked as scratch files- o NOSHELVABLE: files marked a noshelvable* o ISSHELVED : files which are shelved > Default DFU will use a logical AND to select files, that is= if you issue several characteristics DFU will only display> files which have all these characteristics set. To overrule/ this , you can use the MATCH=OR keyword, eg: 5 SEARCH device/CHAR=(DIRECTORY,NOBACKUP,MATCH=OR)/CREATED /CREATED=keyword=+value8 This qualifier is used in combination with 2 possible5 keywords : BEFORE=date or SINCE=date. The creation7 date is used in for selecting files. You can combine BEFORE and SINCE. Examples : o /CREATED=BEFORE=date. o /CREATED=(BEFORE=date,SINCE=anotherdate)/EXCLUDE /EXCLUDE=filename3 Use this qualifier to exclude filenames from the6 selction. Eg.: /EXCLUDE=*.SYS will force DFU to not# select filenames matching *.SYS./EXPIRED /EXPIRED=keyw,ord(=value)8 This qualifier is used in combination with 3 possible0 keywords BEFORE=date, SINCE=date or NONE. The6 expiration date is used in for selecting files. You4 can either use SINCE and BEFORE or NONE , but not5 both. The NONE keyword gives you files which don't. have a expiration date recorded. Examples : o /EXPIRED=BEFORE=date. o /EXPIRED=(BEFORE=date,SINCE=anotherdate) o /EXPIRED=NONE/FID /FID=file-id4 You can use this qualifier to look fo-r a specific3 file. Only the first part of the file id must be5 specified, that is , if the File id is (x,y,z) you4 must specifiy 'x' as the file-id. If you use this9 qualifier, DFU does not scan INDEXF.SYS but just looks5 up the specific file header. Therefore, you cannot6 combine this qualifier with other search qualifiers such as /SIZE or /FILE./FILE /FILE=filename. DFU selects only file names which match the7 'filename'. You can use wildcards eg: /FILE=*..SYS or> /FILE=LOGIN.*. If you don't supply a version DFU adds ';*'  to the filename./FORMAT=format_string1 Used with /OUTPUT. Create an output file using= the format as described in formatstring. The format string> MUST contains the !AS directive; DFU fills in the resultant file there. Example :5 DFU> SEARCH/FILE=*.TMP/FORMAT="$delete/confirm !AS" /FRAGMENT /FRAGMENT [=option]6 Shows the numbers of headers/fragments of the file. Available options:/ o /FRAGMENT 2 Don't select files, but show fragmentation info! o /FRAGMENT=MINUMUM=fragments 8 DFU selects files with at least 'fragments' fragments! o /FRAGMENT=MAXIMUM=fragments 7 DFU selects files with at most 'fragments' fragments& You can combine both options , eg.:7 /FRAGMENT=(MIN=4,MAX=10) will select all files with between 4 and 10 fragments./FULL3 Gives you a full output for each found file. The8 output contains dir0ectory, filename, File ID, Virtual3 Block Number within INDEXF.SYS, filesize, owner,6 creation date, revision date. Note that default you4 get a short output. You cannot use both /FULL and /SUMMARY together./HOME9 Displays information about the home block of the disk.7 DFU uses the home block to calculate the actual used' and free file headers in INDEXF.SYS./IDENT /IDENT=identifier /NOIDENT=identifier6 DFU Selects files owned by this identifier. Another19 way is to use the /OWNER=uic qualifier; you cannot useA both qualifiers in the same DFU command. Using /NOIDENT causes< DFU to search for all files NOT owned by this identifier./LBN /LBN=logical-block-number6 The /LBN option is a special qualifier which allows7 you to find a file which contains a specific logical3 block number. Note that this qualifier cannot be: combined with other search qualifiers (such as /FILE=). /MODIFIED /MODIFIED=keyword=value8 2 This qualifier is used in combination with 2 possible5 keywords : BEFORE=date or SINCE=date. The revision7 date is used in for selecting files. You can combine BEFORE and SINCE. Examples :  o /MODIFIED=BEFORE=date/ o /MODIFIED=(BEFORE=date,SINCE=anotherdate) /MULTIPLE5 This qualifier displays files which have extension3 headers. This gives you some idea about possible fragmentation of your disk. /NOSEARCH= Do not search the volume. This qualifier ca3n only be used = with /HOME. It is used to display only the home block info of the device. /NOVOLSET7 The /NOVOLSET qualifier overrides default Volume set4 processing by DFU. This is usefull eg. if you are* doing a /LBN search on a specific disk./OUTPUT /OUTPUT=filename5 This qualifier redirects the output from DFU about7 all found files to an output file. You must use this$ qualifier if you are using /SORT./OVER_ALLOCATED=n< Select files for wh4ich the difference between blocks used8 and allocated is greater than or equal to 'n' blocks./OWNER /OWNER=uic /NOOWNER=uic5 Selects all files owned by the specified uic. This7 qualifier cannot be used in combination with /IDENT.< The uic must be specified in a standard [grp,mem] format.4 Using /NOOWNER causes DFU to search for all files NOT owned by this uic./PLACED Cheks for placed files./SIZE /SIZE=option 9 You must supply at least on5e of the following options:  o /SIZE=MINUMUM=blocksize 6 DFU selects files at least blocksize blocks in size o /SIZE=MAXIMUM=blocksize 6 DFU selects files at most blocksize blocks in size.& You can combine both options , eg.:4 /SIZE=(MIN=1000,MAX=10000) will select all files) between 1000 and 10000 blocks in size./SORT5 This qualifier will sort the results of DFU to the8 output file specified in /OUTPUT. If you omit /OUTPUT3 SYS$OUTPUT wi6ll be used. You cannot use /FULL or& /SUMMARY in combination with /SORT. /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /NOSTATISTICS (default)2 Controls whether cpu and I/O consumption of the command are shown./SUMMARY3 Gives you a summary of the total number of files4 found, and the number of blocks occupied by these6 files. You cannot use this qualifier in combination/VERSION_NUMBER /VERSION_NUMBER=option 9 You must supply at least one of the following options:7 * o /VERSION_NUMBER=MINUMUM=file_version ; DFU selects files whose version number in the file name  is at least 'file_version'.* o /VERSION_NUMBER=MAXIMUM=file_version ; DFU selects files whose version number in the file name  is at most 'file_version'.& You can combine both options , eg.:7 /VERSION=(MIN=1000,MAX=10000) will select all files: with a version_number between 1000 and 10000 inclusive.2 SETDModifies the characteristics of on8e or more files. It handles-all attributes which 'SET FILE' can't handle. Format: SET file-spec[,...],@file 3 Parameters file-spec[,...],@fileF Specifies one or more files to be modified. If you specify two or? more files, separate them with commas. A filelist may be used: by specifying @file. Thus, an output file generated by a: DFU SEARCH command can be used to be processed with SET.= Wildcard characters are allowed in the file specifications. 3 Qu9alifiers /BACKUP_DATE /BACKUP_DATE=date /NOBACKUP_DATEF Controls whether a new backup date is assigned to the specifiedF files. Specify the date according to the rules described in ChapterF 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts Manual. Absolute date keywords areF allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, today's date is used. UseE of this qualifier requires ownership of the file or access control./BADACL /BADACL /NOBADACLF Sets or resets the 'BAD ACL' flag in th:e file header. This enables* deletion of a file with a corrupted ACL. /BUCKETSIZE /BUCKETSIZE=size: Sets a new value for the bucket size in the file header./CONFIRM /CONFIRM /NOCONFIRM (default)B Controls whether a request is issued before each individual SETF operation to confirm that the operation should be performed on that file.F When the system issues the prompt, you can issue any of the following responses: YES NO QUIT ; TRUE FALSE  1 0 ALL F You can use any combination of upper- and lowercase letters for wordF responses. Word responses can be abbreviated to one or more lettersF (for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE). Affirmative answers are YES,F TRUE, and 1. Negative answers are NO, FALSE, 0, and . QUIT orF indicates that you want to stop processing the command atF that point. When you respond with ALL, the co<mmand continues toF process, but no further prompts are given. If you type a responseC other than one of those in the list, the prompt will be reissued./CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY /CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY /NOCONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRYB Sets or resets the 'CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY' bit in the file header./CREATION_DATE /CREATION_DATE=date /NOCREATION_DATEF Controls whether a new creation date is assigned to the specifiedF files. Specify the date according to the rules described in= ChapterF 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts Manual. Absolute date keywords areF allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, today's date is used. UseE of this qualifier requires ownership of the file or access control. /DIRECTORY /DIRECTORY /NODIRECTORYF Sets or resets the directory attribute of a file. This qualifierF allows you to set the directory bit of a file which was mistakinglyF reset by the 'SET FILE/NODIRECTORY' command. If it is done on a non-F directory fi>le, then access to that directory will give a 'BADIRECTORY' error./EBLOCK /EBLOCK[=block]F This qualifier will reset the end-of-file mark to the highest blockF allocated if no block has been specified. Otherwise the end-of-file* mark will be set to the specified block./EBYTE /EBYTE[=byte]D This qualifier will set the end-of-file byte mark to the highestD byte if it has not been specified. Otherwise the end-of-file byte) mark will be set to the specifie?d byte./EXPIRATION_DATE /EXPIRATION_DATE=date /NOEXPIRATION_DATEF Controls whether an expiration date is assigned to the specifiedF files. Specify the date according to the rules described in ChapterF 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts Manual. Absolute date keywords areF allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, today's date is used. UseE of this qualifier requires ownership of the file or access control./IDENT /IDENT=identifier or uic@ Modifies the file-owne@r. This command can also be used on open= files (such as INDEXF.SYS). /IDENT cannot be combined with /OWNER_UIC/LOCKED /LOCKED /NOLOCKEDF This qualifier will lock a file for future use. Nothing else canF then be done with the file, until it is unlocked (which can also be% done with the VMS 'UNLOCK' command./LOG /LOG (default) /NOLOG B Controls whether the SET command displays the file specification. of each file after the modification is made./MAXREAC /MAXREC=recordD Sets a new value for the maximum record number in the file header. /ORGANIZATION /ORGANIZATION=keywordF The following keywords are used as parameters for the ORGANIZATION6 qualifier: DIRECT, INDEXED, RELATIVE and SEQUENTIAL.F This will allow you to modify the file organization type in the fileF header. Of course this won't change the real organization of the file. /OWNER_UIC /OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier@ Modifies the file-owner. ThiBs command can also be used on open< files (such as INDEXF.SYS). /OWNER_UIC can not be combined with /IDENT./RECATTRIBUTES /RECATTRIBUTES=keywordF The following keywords are used as parameters for theD RECATTRIBUTES qualifier: NONE, FORTRAN, IMPLIED, PRINT and NOSPAN.F This will allow you to modify the file's record attributes in the file header.F NONE, FORTRAN, IMPLIED and PRINT are mutually exclusive, but can be" used in combination with NOSPAN.FC When NOSPAN is omitted SPAN is assumed (the default is to allow% records to cross block boundaries)./RECSIZE /RECSIZE=size: Sets a new value for the record size in the file header./RECTYPE /RECTYPE=keywordF The following keywords are used as parameters for the RECTYPEF qualifier: FIXED, STREAM, STREAMCR, STREAMLF, UNDEFINED, VARIABLE and VFC.F This will allow you to modify the file's record type in the file header./REVISION_DATE /REDVISION_DATE=date /NOREVISION_DATEF Controls whether a revision date is assigned to the specified files.F Specify the date according to the rules described in Chapter 1 ofF the VMS DCL Concepts Manual. Absolute date keywords are allowed.F If you specify 0 as the date, today's date is used. Use of this= qualifier requires ownership of the file or access control./RVCOUNT /RVCOUNT=count= Sets a new value for the revision count in the file header./UPDATE /EUPDATE /NOUPDATE (default)F Normally the file's revision date will be updated after anyB modification to it. SET however disables this update (otherwiseF the REVISION date could not be set). Specify this qualifier if you' want the revision date to be updated./VFCSIZE /VFCSIZE=sizeF Sets a new value for the VFC size in the file header. This value- will only be used with the VFC record type.2 SPAWN=Spawns a subprocess. In SMG mode the key also perfo Frms aSPAWN command. 2 UNDELETEDThe Undelete command recovers deleted files. It is done as safely asEpossible. If undelete discovers that the file header or blocks of the>deleted file have been reused, the undelete process will stop.IThe /FILE, /IDENTIFIER or /OWNER qualifier can be used to select specificHfiles. The /LIST qualifier can be used to generate a list of recoverable(files without actually undeleting files.EIf a matching filename is found undelete will ask for a confirmationG Abefore undeleting the file. Multiple files can be undeleted with Djust one UNDELETE command. After a succesful undelete the file will :be entered in the original directory if possible or in the[SYSLOST] directory.ANOTE: The volume (set) will be locked for other users during the 5undelete command unless the /LIST qualifier is used. Syntax:  UNDELETE /Qualifiers 3 Qualifiers/IDENT=identifier? Select file by identifier. This qualifier cannot be used in  H conjunction with /OWNER./FILE=I Select file by filename. Wildcards may be used in the filename. If theA /FILE qualifier is omitted DFU will use *.*;* as the filename./LIST(=output_file)D Generate a list of recoverable files. This command will not lock . the volume, and will not undelete any file./MARKED( Select only files marked for delete. /OWNER=J Select file by owner uic. This qualifier cannot be used in conjunction  with /IDENT.I /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /NOSTATISTICS (default)2 Controls whether cpu and I/O consumption of the command are shown.2 UsageAYou can start DFU with the DCL command : $Run DFU, or by defining1a symbol for DFU to use DFU as a foreign command: $ DFU == "$disk:[dir]DFU"AIf you enter DFU without commands , DFU enters at the DFU> prompt<and awaits your command(s). Leave DFU with EXIT (or CTRL/Z).DIf you enter DFU with command line parameters, DFU will just process'this J single command and return to DCL. 2 VERIFYAThe Verify option provides a function equivalent to ANALYZE/DISK,Gbut many times faster. Verify will report files with invalid backlinks,Ilost files, and blocks which are allocated by more than 1 file. Also the BBITMAP and QUOTA files are checked. The /FIX qualifier allows someEbasic repair actions without locking the disk. The /REBUILD qualifier?will rebuild INDEXF.SYS, BITMAP.SYS and QUOTA.SYS if necessary.ANote that /REBUILD will lock tehK disk for a short period of time.Syntax :5 VERIFY (/OUTPUT=/LOCK/FIX/REBUILD) 3 Qualifiers/APPEND /APPEND=filename: Same as /OUTPUT, but the output will be appended to the7 file if it already exists. Thus output from multiple3 DFU commands can be put in the same output file.2 If the file does not exists it will be created./DIRECTORY_SCAN? This optional qualifier directs DFU to make a full directory; scan. This allows better detection ofL some cases of lost: files, and detection of some directory corruptions. Use /FIX to repair such errors.: Warning: using /DIRECTORY_SCAN can take several minutes/FIX /FIX /NOFIX (default)/ This qualifier repairs the following errors: $ o Deletes files marked for delete2 o Moves lost files and directories to [SYSLOST]- The /FIX qualifier does not lock the disk!/LOCK /LOCK /NOLOCK (default)H Locks the volume for allocation. To get a conMsistent view of the diskG you must stall all allocation changes of the disk. Otherwise VERIFY I may report errors which are caused by concurrent disk activity during H execution of the VERIFY command. Trade off is that the disk is locked* for the duration of the VERIFY command./OUTPUT. Redirects the output from verify to a file./REBUILD /REBUILD /NOREBUILD (default)= This qualifier repairs structure errors and mismatches in ; INDEXF.SYS, BITMAP.SYS and QUOT A.SYS. Note that /REBUILD4 will temporarily lock the device for other users. /STATISTICS /STATISTICS /NOSTATISTICS (default)2 Controls whether cpu and I/O consumption of the command are shown.ww