Glossary of Terms and Acronyms
Virtual Multimedia Resource Function
Contents
1 Introduction
This document defines the terms and acronyms used in this library.
The defined terms, definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations are sorted in alphabetical order. Some of them can have more than one definition.
2 Terms
In the following sections, terms and definitions used in Virtual Multimedia Resource Function (vMRF) CPI are defined.
2.1 A-E
| 1+n redundancy | A redundancy scheme used in the VNF where SC functions are active in only one VM at a time, and all other VMs serve as standby. | |
| 3GPP | 3rd Generation Partnership Project. 3GPP® is a body that produces standards and specifications for third-generation systems. | |
| Access network | A network from which the individual users connect to the core network through the P-CSCF. Private overlapping address spaces can be used in access networks. | |
| Access transfer | Transfer at the IMS-level of one or more media paths of an ongoing IMS session on one UE between access and CS networks. | |
| ACL | Access Control List. A list of permissions attached to an object. An ACL specifies which users, entities, or system processes are granted access to objects, and what operations are allowed on given objects. Each entry in a typical ACL specifies a subject and an operation. | |
| Action | An executable operation triggered by setting attributes on an MO. Each action is defined in the related MOC description. | |
| AF | Application Function. An element of the service layer architecture offering applications that require information about the characteristics of the IP-connectivity session used to access such applications. | |
| Alarm | Issued by the system to indicate an unexpected
behavior of malfunction requiring corrective action by the user. An
alarm at least has the states "raised" (initial detection
of the fault) and "cleared" (when the fault no longer
exists). An alarm can also change state regarding perceived severity.
Alarms are also called "stateful" alarms to emphasize
that they have a state. An active alarm is an alarm that has been
issued but not cleared. All alarm state changes, including cleared state, are recorded in the Alarm Log. Each alarm has an alarm Operating Instructions document. It describes the possible fault reasons, fault locations, and the potential service impact. It also describes the procedures required to eliminate the problem and eventually clear the alarm. | |
| APN | Access Point Name. The APN is the name of
a gateway between a GPRS, 3G, or 4G mobile network and another computer
network, frequently the public Internet. A mobile device making a data connection must be configured with an APN to present to the carrier. The carrier examines this identifier to determine what type of network connection to create, for example: what IP addresses to assign to the wireless device, what security methods to use, and how, or if, it to connect to a private customer network. | |
| Application | A service enabler deployed by service providers, manufacturers, or users. Individual applications are often enablers for a wide range of services. | |
| ARP | Address Resolution Protocol. A telecommunications protocol used for resolution of network layer addresses into link layer addresses. | |
| AS | Application Server. A SIP-based server that provides value added IM services and resides either in the home network of the user or in a third-party location. | |
| ATCF | Access Transfer Control Function. The ATCF is a logical entity and coordinates the access transfer of a session between access and CS networks. | |
| Attribute | Represents the configuration. The read-only attributes in the MOs describe configuration state and operational values. The writable attributes control the operation and configuration for the particular network resource. Each attribute is defined in the related MOC description. | |
| Authentication | The process of verifying the identity of an entity. | |
| Authorization | The granting of permission based on authenticated identification. | |
| BFD | Bidirectional Forwarding Detection. A network protocol used to detect faults between two forwarding engines connected by a link. | |
| C-RACF | Core Resource and Admission Control Function. Acts as the mediator between SCF and transport functions for QoS-related transport. C-RACF resides in the core network and makes decisions according to defined policies based on resource status in the transport layer and also based on use information, SLA, network policy rules, and service priorities. | |
| CAC | Call Admission Control. A validation process in communication systems that confirms that there are sufficient resources for a proposed connection before the connection is accepted and established. | |
| Cardinality | Cardinality in the MOM means the number of elements of MOs in a parent-child relationships, and in associations between MOs. | |
| Cloud Administrator | The role of the cloud service provider who provides the cloud service to the end user. | |
| Codec latching | During transcoding, if a subsequent SDP offer is received from either side after a previous SDP offer/answer exchange and the new SDP offer contains a single codec that is the same as currently negotiated for the side on which the new offer was received, then the same codec parameters that resulted from the previous SDP offer/answer negotiation are used when forwarding the subsequent SDP offer. | |
| Codec lockdown | During transcoding, the locking down to a single codec when an answer contains multiple codecs from the offer. | |
| Compute host | A compute host (or simply host) is the whole server entity providing computing resources, composed of the underlying hardware platform: processor, memory, I/O devices, and disk. | |
| Compute node | See compute host. | |
| Control plane | The IP traffic between users or IMS core network nodes to control, for example, sessions, dialogs, and registration states. Realized by SIP. Compare with media plane. | |
| Core network | Central part of a multimedia network including, for example, databases, SIP servers, media servers, and media gateways. Compare with IMS Core Network. | |
| Counter | An entity that accumulates the measured values of a certain monitored item as the time passes. The counter value is incremented, never decremented, until it is restarted. | |
| CPI | Customer Product Information. Documentation for an ME, delivered in the Active Library Explorer. | |
| CS network | The IP network between the MSC and the P-CSCF (ATCF), which is used in the transfer of a session between the LTE network and CS network. | |
| CSCF | Call Session Control Function. Several roles of SIP servers or proxies that are collectively called Call Session Control Function. A CSCF is used to process SIP signalling packets in the IMS. See P-CSCF, I-CSCF, and S-CSCF for details regarding the different CSCF types within IMS. | |
| CSR | Customer Service Request. Used during the trouble reporting process to describe the problems identified. | |
| Data model | A mapping of the contents of an information model into a form that is specific to a particular type of data store or repository. A data model is basically the rendering of an information model according to a specific set of mechanisms for representing, organizing, storing, and handling data. In contrast to an information model, a data model includes implementation and protocol-specific details. That is, rules that explain how to map MOs onto lower-level protocol constructs. | |
| DDoS | Distributed Denial of Service. A DDoS attack occurs when multiple systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted server. When a server is overloaded with connections, new connections can no longer be accepted. | |
| Defense in depth | A security approach where the security mechanisms are implemented in layers from the outermost part of the network to the inner part of the network. An example is from the user host and access network through the perimeter firewalls and routers to the core of the core network. Each layer must be protected from the attacks. | |
| Derived data type | Data type enhanced with extra restrictions and properties. Derived string data types contain, for example, length and content constraints. Derived integer data types contain extra range constraints. Each derived data type is defined in the related MOC description. | |
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. DHCP is a protocol for plug-and-play configuration of IP hosts. IP hosts query a DHCP server using the DHCP. | |
| Dialog | A dialog represents a peer-to-peer SIP relationship between two user agents. A dialog is identified by a call identifier, local tag, and a remote tag. An early dialog exists until a final response has been received at which point a stable session exists. | |
| DN | Distinguished Name. The name of an object tree that is shared between the system and the Management System. The DN is in 3GPP format (from root to leave). The DN is used to identify an MO uniquely in the system. It gives the path of the MO in the tree of objects. The system uses 3GPP formatted DNs where each relative DN part consists of the MOC name equal the MO identity. If the key attribute name is not equal to the MOC name plus ID, then the key attribute name is also appended to the MOC name separated by a dot. | |
| DNS | Domain Name System. A logical node that maintains information associated with hostnames within a naming domain or subdomain. A DNS offers the mapping of names to addresses and the mapping of addresses to names. | |
| DNS SRV record | A DNS Resource Record for specifying the domain name of a server. | |
| DoS | Denial of Service. A DoS attack occurs when a single system floods the bandwidth or resources of a targeted server. When a server is overloaded with connections, new connections can no longer be accepted. | |
| DSCP | Differentiated Services Code Point. DSCP is a value in an IP packet header. It is used to specify a particular QoS behavior for the packet. DSCP is defined in RFC 2472. | |
| E-CSCF | Emergency Call Session Control Function. A CSCF used for handling emergency calls. | |
| Early media | Early media refers to media (for example, audio and video) that is exchanged before a particular session is accepted by the called user. Early media is defined in RFC 3959. | |
| ECIM | Ericsson Common Information Model. Controls the MOM structure. The ECIM is based on the CIM standard. | |
| ECLI | Ericsson Command-Line Interface. A terminal-based command-line interface that is used to monitor and manage the ME. The ECLI is based on industry de facto standard patterns. | |
| Emergency bearer | A bearer that is used for emergency services. For P-CSCF, an emergency bearer is a configurable IP subnet. | |
| Emergency registration | A registration initiated by UE for emergency calls, that has an "sos" URI parameter present in the Contact header. | |
| End-to-end security | Media protection extending between two UEs without being terminated by any intermediary. | |
| End User | The role of the vMRF operator, who is assumed to be a cloud service consumer. Also referred to as tenant. | |
| Enumeration | Integer-name pairs defining a fixed set of named values for an attribute, return value, or action parameter. Each enumeration is defined in the MOM. | |
| Ericsson NETCONF interface | A machine to machine interface for configuration management of the ME, using the NETCONF protocol over the Secure Shell. | |
| Event | Occurrence of significance to users, the MEs under surveillance and network management specifications. Events do not have states. | |
2.2 F-K
| Firewall | A network security system that controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic. Traffic is filtered by analyzing the data packets and determining whether they are to be allowed through, based on an applied rule set. | |
| Flavor | Virtual resource templates in OpenStack that define RAM size, number of vCPU cores, and so on, for running VNFs. | |
| Foreign network | The network of another carrier or a separate portion within the network of the carrier. The foreign network can either be a trusted SIP network, or an untrusted SIP network. | |
| FTP | File Transfer Protocol. A protocol for reliable transfer of text and binary files between computers. Specified in RFC 959. | |
| Gauge | An entity that shows the current measured value of a certain monitored item. A gauge value can be incremented and decremented. | |
| GP | Granularity Period. The time between the initiation of two successive gatherings of measurement data. | |
| HA | High Availability. A system or component that is continuously operational for a desirably long length of time. Availability is measured relative to 100% operational status. | |
| Heartbeats | Used by a Management System to monitor the interface over which the alarms or alerts are to be sent. Heartbeats are needed because a management system cannot assume that a "silent" ME behaves properly. The Heartbeat event is reported as an SNMP notification at regular intervals. | |
| HOT | Heat Orchestration Template. In OpenStack, HOT is a file that defines the infrastructure for a cloud application in a textual format. | |
| HPLMN | Home Public Land Mobile Network. The home telecommunications network providing mobile cellular services. Defined in 3GPP TR 21.905. | |
| HSS | Home Subscriber Server. An IMS database that contains subscription-related information (subscriber profiles), user authentication and authorization, and information about the subscriber location and IP information. | |
| Hypervisor | A hypervisor, or VMM, is a piece of software, firmware, or hardware that creates and runs VMs. | |
| I-CSCF | Interrogating Call Session Control Function. Acts as an inbound SIP proxy server in the IMS. During IMS registrations, the I-CSCF queries the HSS to select the appropriate S-CSCF that can serve the UE. During IMS sessions, the I-CSCF acts as the entry point to terminating session requests. The I-CSCF routes the incoming session requests to the S-CSCF of the called party. | |
| IMS | IP Multimedia Subsystem. An architectural framework for delivering IP Multimedia services as defined by 3GPP 23:288. | |
| IMS core network | The central part of the IMS network architecture. The IMS core can include databases (HSS), SIP call/session servers (CSCF), ASs, media resource functions (MRFC and MRFP), and PSTN gateways. An IMS core network is typically separated from access networks (where users reside) and other operator IP Multimedia networks by an SBG. | |
| Information model | An abstraction and representation of the entities (or MOs) in a managed environment, their properties, attributes, and operations, as well as the way that they relate to each other. It is independent of any specific repository, software use, protocol, or platform. | |
| IP host | An endpoint that terminates the IP layer (L3) in an IP network (in contrast to a router, which is a transit node). | |
| IP interface | An interface terminating the IP Layer 3 (L3). The IP interface has an associated IP address. | |
2.3 L-P
| L1 | Layer 1. Physical layer is the first (lowest) layer of the OSI model. The implementation of this layer is often termed PHY. The physical layer consists of the basic networking hardware transmission technologies of a network. | |
| L2 | Layer 2. The data link layer is the OSI protocol layer. L2 transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network or between nodes on the same local area network segment. The data link layer provides functions and procedures to transfer data between network entities. The data link layer can provide the means to detect and possibly correct errors that can occur in the physical layer. Examples of data link protocols are Ethernet for local area networks (multi-node), the PPP, HDLC, and ADCCP for point-to-point (dual-node) connections. | |
| L3 | Layer 3. The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through intermediate routers. The data link layer is responsible for Media Access Control, flow control, and error checking. The network layer provides functions and procedures for transferring variable length data sequences from a source to a destination host through one or more networks. The network layer maintains the quality of service functions. | |
| L4 | Layer 4. The transport layer provides convenient services such as connection-oriented data stream support, reliability, flow control, and multiplexing. | |
| LAN | Local Area Network. A computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building using network media. | |
| Load balancing | The distribution of processing and communications activity evenly across a network so that no single node is overwhelmed. | |
| Logical network | A way to group a set of subnets and subnet segments together. Normally the subnets and subnet segments grouped have a common use. Each of these logical networks contains several subnets used in the associated network. | |
| LOTC | Linux® Open Telecom Cluster. A custom Ericsson operating system distribution based on GNU/Linux. The LOTC provides a Linux cluster with high-availability characteristics. | |
| LTE | Long Term Evolution. A standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. | |
| MAC | Media Access Control. MAC is a data communication protocol that is a sublayer of the OSI data link layer (L2). The MAC sublayer provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms. The MAC mechanisms allow several terminals or network nodes to communicate within a multiple access network that incorporates a shared medium, for example, Ethernet. | |
| Malicious traffic | Traffic that can harm the network, the network core nodes, or user entities. Examples of traffic considered malicious by the SBG are packets using invalid source or destination addresses or ports and packets using IP options. | |
| Managed function | The function of a managed element. | |
| Managed Object Management | A folder in the Active Library Explorer containing the MOM. | |
| ME | Managed Element. Telecommunications equipment that performs managed element functions, that is, provides support and services to the user. A managed element communicates with a manager (directly or indirectly) over one or more interfaces being monitored or controlled. | |
| Measurement job | The execution of measurement data collection, aggregation, and reporting in PM XML files is performed by measurement jobs. | |
| Media | IP traffic containing audio, video, fax, and so on. Some packets not containing actual payload (for example, RTCP packets or TCP segments for connection establishment) are considered media as they are prerequisites for, or closely coupled to, the payload. | |
| Media anchoring | Forcing media to take a certain path by altering source or destination address and port in SDP. | |
| Media plane | Media traffic between network entities. Compare with control plane. | |
| MGW | Media Gateway. A translation device or service that converts digital media streams between disparate telecommunications networks. | |
| MIB | Management Information Base. A set of managed objects in a management domain, together with their attributes, constitutes a management domain MIB. MIB is also used in SNMP for trap and counter-definition. | |
| MIM | Management Information Model. Describes MOCs, their associations, attributes, and operations. | |
| MO | Managed Object. A resource within the telecommunications
environment that can be managed using OAMP application protocols. The MO is a software object that encapsulates the manageable characteristics and behavior of a particular hardware or software resource. An MO is an instance of a MOC. An MO normally has attributes that provide information used to characterize the MOs that belong to the MOC. An MO can also have actions that allow the user to perform operations on the underlying implementation. | |
| MOC | Managed Object Class. A description of all the common characteristics for several MOs, such as attributes, operations, notifications, and behavior. | |
| MOM | Managed Object Model. A structured collection of configuration information that defines the O&M capability on an ME. The MOM is defined as a set of MOCs. The MOCs contain attributes representing the configuration that can be performed by the user, and actions representing the operations that can be started by the user. The MOM is a static blueprint for the creation of the actual object model. | |
| MTAS | Multimedia Telephony Application Server. Application server that supports IMS-based multimedia services. | |
| MTU | Maximum Transmission Unit. The size (in bytes) of the largest protocol data unit that the communication layer can pass onwards. | |
| NAPT | Network Address Port Translation. A method by which many network addresses and their TCP/UDP ports are translated into a single network address and its TCP/UDP ports. NAPT is defined in RFC3022. | |
| NAT | Network Address Translation. A network protocol used in IPv4 networks that allows multiple devices to connect to a public network using the same public IPv4 address. NAT modifies the IP address information in IPv4 headers when passing through a routing device. | |
| NBI | Northbound Interface. The interface to a management system and a CLI client. The protocols used are ECLI, NETCONF, SFTP, and SNMP. | |
| ND | Neighbor Discovery. A method for mapping an IPv6 address to the corresponding MAC address. | |
| NE | Network Element. An NE provides telecommunications and support functions, and is managed by a telecommunications operations support system. | |
| NETCONF | Network Configuration. NETCONF is a network management protocol developed in the IETF. It uses an XML-based data encoding for the configuration data and the protocol messages. The NETCONF protocol operations are realized on top of a simple RPC layer. | |
| Next hop | A node through which IP traffic is routed. A next hop is needed when an IP source address and an IP destination address are not in the same subnet. A next hop is used when IP routing is needed to send an IP packet from the source to the destination. Separate next hops are normally configured for media transport and for SIP signaling. A next hop address is normally associated with one route but can also be associated with more than one route. | |
| NF | Network Function. An NF is a functional block within a network infrastructure that has well-defined external interfaces and well-defined functional behavior. In practical terms, an NF is often a network node or physical appliance. | |
| NFV | Network Functions Virtualization. NFV is the principle of separating network functions from the hardware they run on by using virtual hardware abstraction. | |
| NFVI | Network Function Virtualization Infrastructure. NFVI is the totality of all hardware and software components that build up the environment in which VNFs are deployed. | |
| NIC | Network Interface Controller. A NIC is a device in a compute node that provides a physical interface with the infrastructure network. | |
| NMC | Network Management Center. One or more locations from which network monitoring and control, or network management, is exercised over a telecommunication network. | |
| NNI | Network-to-Network Interface. An interface that specifies signaling and management functions between two networks. | |
| Notification | A general term for a message that carries an alarm or alert instance. | |
| NTP | Network Time Protocol. NTP is a protocol built on top of TCP/IP that is used to synchronize computer clock times in a network of computers. Defined IETF RFC 1119. | |
| O&M | Operation & Maintenance. O&M provides the processes, activities, tools, standards, and so on, involved with operating, and maintaining any system. | |
| OAM | Operations, Administration, and Maintenance. OAM provides the processes, activities, tools, standards, and so on, involved with operating, administering, managing and maintaining any system. | |
| OSPF | Open Shortest Path First. A link-state routing protocol for IP networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system. It is defined as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 for IPv4. The updates for IPv6 are specified as OSPF Version 3 in RFC 5340. | |
| OSS | Operations Support System. Systems dealing with the telecom network to support processes such as maintaining network inventory, provisioning services, configuring network components, and managing faults. | |
| P-CSCF | Proxy Call Session Control Function. The first contact point for the UE within the IMS core network. The P-CSCF performs several tasks, for example: forwards the SIP register request received from the UE to the correct destination, forwards SIP messages received from the UE to the SIP server (for example, S-CSCF), forwards SIP requests or responses to the UE, detects and handles emergency session establishment, and generates CDRs. | |
| Payload function | The payload function of a vMRF VM processes user plane traffic and H.248 signaling traffic. | |
| PCP | Priority Code Point. Priority marking in an Ethernet frame. | |
| Pinhole | A set of criteria defining a media stream that is let through the dynamic pinhole firewall. The criteria include local IP address and port, direction of media, and transport protocol. The criteria can also include remote IP address and port for media source filtering and bandwidth for policing. | |
| PLMN | Public Land Mobile Network. A telecommunications network providing mobile cellular services. Defined in 3GPP TR 21.905. | |
| PNF | Physical Network Function. A PNF is an implementation of an NF using a tightly coupled software and hardware system. | |
| Priority call | A call that is given priority over other calls. A priority call can be a call from a priority subscribed user or a call received that indicates priority using the RPH in SIP. | |
| Proactive transcoding | A service where proactive measures are taken, when processing an SDP offer, to allow transcoding to be invoked at the reception of the SDP answer. Transcoding is only activated in the case the B-party does not support any codec that the A-party listed in the SDP offer. Based on local policy, more codecs can be inserted in the forwarded offer and transcoding is then invoked if one of the added codecs is selected by the answerer. | |
2.4 Q-T
| Realm | A realm represents a network the vMRF is connected to. It can be an access network, a core network, or a foreign network. For each realm defined in the vMRF there must be a corresponding realm defined in the MTAS configuration. | |
| Role | Role is equivalent to the user occupation within an organization, for example, System Administrator. A user can have one or more roles. | |
| Route | Routes represent the paths IP packets travel on their way to a specific destination network (IP subnet). A route is defined by the destination network and the next hops to use when forwarding packets to this network. | |
| RTCP | RTP Control Protocol. A protocol that monitors the quality of service and to conveys information about the participants in ongoing sessions. | |
| RTP | Real-Time Transport Protocol. A standardized transport protocol for delivering audio and video over IP networks as defined by RFC3550. | |
| Rule | When applied to user authorization, rules specify the permissions to a set of resources within a ME. The authorization rules depend on predefined roles. Roles and authorization rules are defined to build a Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model for controlling access to Managed Element resources. | |
| Rx | An interface used by a P-CSCF for policy control (resource and QoS authorization) in an access network. | |
| S-CSCF | Serving Call Session Control Function. Acts as a registrar server, and in some cases as a redirect server. It is the central point for IMS service control over the ISC reference point. Moreover, the S-CSCF facilitates the routing path for mobile originated or mobile terminated session requests. The S-CSCF provides initial filter criteria processing logic that enables IMS service control. It also interacts with the Media Resource Function over the Mr interface for playing tones and announcements. | |
| SA | Security Association. The establishment of shared security attributes between two network entities to support secure communication. An SA can include attributes such as: cryptographic algorithm and mode; traffic encryption key; and parameters for the network data to be passed over the connection. | |
| SC function | System Controller function. The SC function is responsible for processing O&M traffic and for the VNF internal clustering function that is needed for scaling out and scaling in. The SC function is present in all VMs, but it is active in only one VM at a time, and all other VMs in the VNF serve as standby SC VMs. | |
| Scaling | The ability to dynamically extend or reduce resources granted to the VNF. This includes scaling up and down, and scaling out and in. | |
| Scaling out/in | The ability to scale by adding or deleting resource instances (for example, VMs). | |
| Scaling up/down | The ability to scale by changing allocated resource, for example, increase or decrease memory, vCPU capacity, or storage size. | |
| SCTP | Stream Control Transmission Protocol. A transport layer protocol for transmitting multiple streams of data at the same time between two endpoint. It provides a combination of service features from UDP and TCP: it is message-oriented like UDP and ensures reliable, in-sequence transport of messages with congestion control like TCP. SCTP is defined in RFC 4960. | |
| SDES | Security Description for SDP. A way to negotiate cryptographic parameters for media streams between SDP and SRTP. It has been proposed for standardization to the IETF in July 2006 (refer to RFC 4568). | |
| SDP | Session Description Protocol. A format for describing streaming media initialization parameters as defined by RFC 4566. | |
| SF | System Functions. Common system functions and resources for the management entity such as Fault Management (FM), Performance Management (PM), and Security Management (SecM). System Functions is one of the first-level branches in the MOM. | |
| SFTP | Secure File Transfer Protocol. A network protocol for secure file transfer over secure shell. | |
| SIP | Session Initiation Protocol. A signaling communications protocol for controlling multimedia communication sessions such as voice and video calls over IP networks. | |
| SRTCP | Secure Real-Time Control Protocol. A profile of RCTP to provide encryption, message authentication and integrity, and replay protection to the RCTP data. | |
| SRTP | Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol. A profile of RTP to provide encryption, message authentication and integrity, and replay protection to the RTP data in both unicast and multicast applications. | |
| SSH | Secure Shell. A cryptographic network protocol for secure data communication, remote command line logon, remote command execution, and other secure network services. The secure shell exists between two networked computers that connect, using a secure channel over an insecure network. The secure shell is implemented by a server and a client (running SSH server and SSH client programs, respectively). | |
| SSL | Secure Socket Layer. A commonly used protocol for managing the security of a message transmission on the internet. | |
| Struct | Struct is a compound data type in the MOM that groups element members of different types. | |
| Subnet | A subnet is defined as a contiguous IP address range. A subnet is an IP address or IP prefix, which is the first address in the subnet, and an address mask that specifies the size of the subnet. For example, the 10.10.10.0/24 subnet has the IP prefix 10.10.10.0 and the mask is 24 bits, thus allowing 256 addresses in the subnet. | |
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol. Part of the TCP/IP protocol stack. It provides connection-oriented communication to move data across the network. The protocol supports byte-oriented transfer of data between the applications, and is a reliable end-to-end transport protocol between the TCP processes. | |
| TLS | Transport Layer Security. A cryptographic protocol that is designed to provide communication security. In vMRF, it is used to secure the transport layer for the LDAP protocol. | |
| Topology hiding | Topology hiding is a feature that hides the network address topology of one network from another. Deletion, modification, and insertion of certain information is done to achieve topology hiding. | |
| Transaction | For administration, configuration changes are applied through atomic transactions. | |
| Transcoding | Conversion from one encoding format to another. vMRF supports basic transcoding allowing for calls between two endpoints that do not support a common codec. | |
| Transport Management | Transport-related functions and resources, for example, load sharing between all configured and available blades in the cluster, and distribution of incoming traffic to the system. Transport is one of the first-level branches in the MOM. | |
| Trap | An unacknowledged SNMP message that carries a notification or heartbeat. | |
| Trombone | Media path that is routed out from a node and back to the same point in the network (hairpinning). | |
2.5 U-Z
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol. Supports the transmission of messages to other hosts on an IP network without prior communications to set up special transmission channels or data paths. UDP messages are referred to as datagrams. The protocol is defined in RFC 768. | |
| UE | User Equipment. A device allowing a user to access network services. For example a PC with proper software or a SIP-telephone. Defined in 3GPP TR 21.905. | |
| UNI | User-to-Network Interface. A demarcation point between the responsibility of the service provider and the responsibility of the subscriber. | |
| Upgrade | A product or product version that is created to provide an increased level of functionality or performance to a user. Upgrade is also the operation to replace a previous product or product version with a new product or product version that provides an increased level of functionality. | |
| UTC | Coordinated Universal Time. UTC is the time-scale maintained by the BIPM, with assistance from the IERS. UTC forms the basis of a coordinated dissemination of standard frequencies and time signals. It corresponds exactly in rate with International Atomic Time (TAI) but differs from it by an integer number of seconds. | |
| VC | Virtualization Container. A VC is a partition of a compute node that provides an isolated virtualized computation environment. Examples of VCs include VM and OS container. | |
| VM | Virtual Machine. A VM is a virtualized computation environment. A VM has all the virtualized counterparts (processor, memory, storage, interfaces, ports) of a physical computer and is generated by a hypervisor, by partitioning the underlying physical resources and allocating them to VMs. VMs are capable of hosting a VNFC. | |
| vMRF | The Virtual Multimedia Resource Function is a VNF running in a cloud environment. The vMRF provides media-related functions, such as, stream mixing and playing of tones and announcements. The vMRF is controlled by the MTAS through H.248. | |
| VNF | Virtual Network Function. Network function virtualization is a concept that uses virtualization of entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may connect, or chain together, to create communication services. vMRF can contain one or more VNFs. A single VNF contains multiple VMs. | |
| VNFC | Virtualized Network Function Component. A VNFC is an internal component of a VNF providing a defined subset of the functionality of that VNF. | |
| VNFCI | Virtualized Network Function Component Instance. A VNFCI is an instance of a VNFC deployed in a specific VC instance. It has a life cycle dependency with its parent VNF instance. | |
| VNFD | Virtual Network Function Descriptor. Links to scripts for initiation and termination, description of internal and external connectivity, and dependencies between VNFCs. | |
| VNFI | Virtualized Network Function Instance. A VNFI is a runtime instantiation of the VNF software, resulting from completing the instantiation of its components and of the connectivity between them. This is achieved using the VNF deployment and operational information captured in the VNFD, as well as additional runtime instance-specific information and constraints. | |
| vNIC | Virtualized Network Interface Controller. A vNIC is created for a VM by a hypervisor. | |
| VPLMN | Visited Public Land Mobile Network. VPLMN is the PLMN on which the mobile subscriber has roamed when leaving their HPMLN. | |
| VR | Virtual Router. A VR is a VNF, a software-based routing framework that allows packet routing and forwarding. To be able to handle multiple IP domains in the same router, the router can be divided into different VRs. Each VR is handling a separate IP domain. To each VR, routes and IP interfaces are connected. | |
| VRRP | Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol. VRRP is a protocol that provides for automatic assignment of available IP routers to participating hosts. VRRP increases the availability and reliability of routing paths using automatic default gateway selections on an IP subnetwork. In vMRF, L3 redundancy is provided by VRRP. | |
| WCG | Web Communication Gateway. A WCG converts
between web client signalling (for example, HTTP REST) and SIP (for
example, registration, session setup, and session modification signaling). The WCG abstracts the complexity of the IMS signalling protocol from the client developer by providing an SDK API for client application development. WCG sends converted client signaling over the Gm reference point to the SBG (P-CSCF). | |
| Web client | A browser-based client uses HTTP REST
or other equivalent signalling to interact with the WCG for registration
and session control. The web client can use any media protocol supported
by the IMS and normally use RTP for audio and video call. WCG sends converted client signaling over the Gm reference point to SBG (P-CSCF). | |
| Wildcard | A character that substitutes for another character or character range in a regular expression. | |
Glossary
| 3DES |
| Triple Data Encryption Standard |
| 3GPP |
| 3rd Generation Partnership Project |
| A-RACF |
| Access Resource and Admission Control Function |
| AA |
| Authentication Authorization |
| AAA |
| AA-Answer |
| AAAA |
| Authentication, Authorization, Accounting, and Auditing |
| AAR |
| AA-Request |
| ABNF |
| Augmented Backus-Naur Form |
| ACA |
| Accounting-Answer |
| ACL |
| Access Control List |
| ACR |
| Accounting-Request |
| ADCCP |
| Advanced Data Communication Control Procedures |
| AES |
| Advanced Encryption Standard |
| AF |
| Application Function |
| AKA |
| Authentication and Key Agreement |
| ALB |
| Abstract Load Balancer |
| AMF |
| Availability Management Framework |
| AMR |
| Adaptive Multi-Rate |
| AMR-NB |
| Adaptive Multi-Rate Narrowband |
| AMR-WB |
| Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband |
| ANSI |
| American National Standards Institute |
| API |
| Application Programming Interface |
| APN |
| Access Point Name |
| ARP |
| Address Resolution Protocol |
| AS |
| Application Server |
| ASA |
| Abort-Session-Answer |
| ASCII |
| American Standard Code for Information Interchange |
| ASI |
| Additional System Information |
| ASN.1 |
| Abstract Syntax Notation One |
| ASR |
| Abort-Session-Request |
| ATCF |
| Access Transfer Control Function |
| ATGW |
| Access Transfer Gateway |
| ATM |
| Asynchronous Transfer Mode |
| ATU-STI |
| Access Transfer Update - Session Transfer Identifier |
| AVC |
| Attribute Value Change |
| AVP |
| Attribute-Value Pair Audio-Visual Profile |
| AVPF |
| Extended Audio Video Profile for RTCP Feedback |
| BFD |
| Bidirectional Forwarding Detection |
| BIPM |
| Bureau International DES Poids et Mesures |
| BRF |
| Backup and Restore Framework |
| BRM |
| Backup and Restore Management |
| BSP |
| Blade Server Platform |
| BT |
| Business Trunking |
| C-RACF |
| Core Resource and Admission Control Function |
| CA |
| Certificate Authority |
| CAC |
| Call Admission Control |
| CBA |
| Component Based Architecture |
| CC |
| Cumulative Counter |
| CEA |
| Capabilities-Exchange-Answer |
| CER |
| Capabilities-Exchange-Request |
| CertM |
| Certificate Management |
| CIM |
| Common Information Model |
| CLB |
| Converged SIP/HTTP Load Balancer |
| CLI |
| Command-Line Interface |
| CLM |
| Cluster Management |
| CM |
| Configuration Management |
| CMP |
| Certificate Management Protocol |
| CMPv2 |
| Certificate Management Protocol version 2 |
| CMX |
| Component Main Switch |
| CMXB |
| Component Main Switch Board |
| CN |
| Common Name |
| CNB |
| Collapsed Northbound |
| codec |
| Coder-Decoder |
| COTS |
| Commercial-Off-The-Shelf |
| CPE |
| Customer-Premises Equipment |
| CPI |
| Customer Product Information |
| CPU |
| Central Processing Unit |
| CRC |
| Cyclic Redundancy Check |
| CRM |
| Customer Relationship Management |
| CRV |
| Call Reference Value |
| CS |
| Circuit Switched |
| CS-ACELP |
| Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction |
| CSCF |
| Call Session Control Function |
| CSR |
| Customer Service Request Certificate Signing Request |
| CUA |
| Capabilities Update Answer |
| CUR |
| Capabilities Update Request |
| DAD |
| Optimistic Duplicate Address Detection |
| DBN |
| Database Network |
| DBS |
| Database Service |
| DCN |
| Data Communication Network |
| DDoS |
| Distributed Denial of Service |
| DER |
| Discrete Event Registration |
| DES |
| Data Encryption Standard |
| DF |
| Don't Fragment |
| DHCP |
| Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol |
| DiffServ |
| Differentiated Services |
| DMX |
| Distributed Main Switch |
| DMXC |
| Distributed Main Switch Controller |
| DMZ |
| Demilitarized Zone |
| DN |
| Distinguished Name |
| DNS |
| Domain Name System |
| DoS |
| Denial of Service |
| DPA |
| Disconnect Peer Answer |
| DPR |
| Disconnect Peer Request |
| DR |
| Disaster Recovery |
| DRA |
| Diameter Routing Agent |
| DRBD |
| Distributed Replicated Block Device |
| DSA |
| Digital Signature Algorithm |
| DSCP |
| Differentiated Services Code Point |
| DST |
| Daylight Saving Time |
| DTLS |
| Datagram Transport Layer Security |
| DTMF |
| Dual-Tone Multifrequency |
| DTMF-S |
| DTMF Sender |
| DTMF-R |
| DTMF Receiver |
| DTX |
| Discontinuous Transmission |
| DU |
| Destination Unreachable |
| DWA |
| Device Watchdog Answer |
| DWR |
| Device Watchdog Request |
| E-CSCF |
| Emergency Call Session Control Function |
| e2e |
| End-to-end |
| EBNF |
| Extended Backus-Naur Form |
| EBS |
| Ericsson Blade System |
| EC |
| Emergency Call |
| ECDSA |
| Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm |
| ECGI |
| E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier |
| ECIM |
| Ericsson Common Information Model |
| ECLI |
| Ericsson Command-Line Interface |
| ECM |
| Ericsson Cloud Manager |
| ECMP |
| Equal-Cost Multipath routing |
| EJB |
| Enterprise JavaBeans |
| ECS |
| Ericsson Cloud System |
| EFR |
| Enhanced Full Rate |
| EPC |
| Evolved Packet Core |
| EPS |
| Evolved Packet System |
| ETSI |
| European Telecommunications Standards Institute |
| eVIP |
| Evolved Virtual Internet Protocol |
| EWMA |
| Exponentially Weighted Moving Average |
| FEE |
| Front-End Element |
| FIFO |
| First In First Out |
| FM |
| Fault Management |
| FNI |
| Foreign Network Identifier |
| FOSS |
| Free Open Source Software |
| FQDN |
| Fully Qualified Domain Name |
| FS |
| Function Specification |
| FTP |
| File Transfer Protocol |
| FW |
| Firewall |
| GCP |
| Gateway Control Protocol (H.248) |
| GE |
| Gigabit Ethernet Interface |
| GP |
| Granularity Period |
| GSM |
| Global System for Mobile Communications |
| GW |
| Gateway |
| GUI |
| Graphical User Interface |
| HA |
| High Availability |
| HDLC |
| High-Level Data Link Control |
| HCM |
| Health Check Management |
| HLR |
| Home Location Register |
| HOT |
| Heat Orchestration Template |
| HPLMN |
| Home PLMN |
| HSS |
| Home Subscriber Server |
| HTML |
| Hypertext Markup Language |
| HTTP |
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol |
| HTTPS |
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure |
| HW |
| Hardware |
| I-CSCF |
| Interrogating Call Session Control Function |
| I/O |
| Input/Output |
| IANA |
| Internet Assigned Numbers Authority |
| IAP |
| Interception Access Point |
| ICE |
| Interactive Connectivity Establishment |
| ICID |
| IMS Charging Identifier |
| ICMP |
| Internet Control Message Protocol |
| ICSI |
| IMS Communication Service Identifier |
| ID |
| Identity |
| IEEE |
| Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| IEPS |
| International Emergency Preference Scheme |
| IERS |
| International Earth Rotation Service |
| IETF |
| Internet Engineering Task Force |
| IKE |
| Internet Key Exchange |
| IMI |
| Integrated Management Interface |
| IMM |
| Information Model Management |
| IMS |
| IP Multimedia Subsystem |
| INAP |
| Intelligent Network Application Protocol |
| IOI |
| Inter-Operator Identifier |
| IOPS |
| Input/Output Operations Per Second |
| IP |
| Internet Protocol |
| IP-CAN |
| IP Connectivity Access Network |
| IP-PBX |
| IP Private Branch Exchange |
| IPsec |
| Internet Protocol Security |
| IPv4 |
| IP version 4 |
| IPv6 |
| IP version 6 |
| IPVS |
| Internet Protocol Virtual Server |
| IPX |
| Internet Packet Exchange |
| IRP |
| Integration Reference Point |
| ISDN |
| Integrated Services Digital Network |
| ISO |
| International Organization for Standardization |
| ISP |
| In-Service Performance |
| ISUP |
| Integrated Services Digital Network User Part |
| ITU |
| International Telecommunication Union Telecommunications Standardization Sector |
| ITU-T |
| International Telecommunication Union – Telecommunications |
| IVR |
| Interactive Voice Response |
| IWD |
| Interwork Description |
| IWF |
| Interworking Function |
| KPI |
| Key Performance Indicator |
| KQI |
| Key Quality Indicator |
| L1 |
| Layer 1 (according to the OSI layered model) |
| L2 |
| Layer 2 (according to the OSI layered model) |
| L3 |
| Layer 3 (according to the OSI layered model) |
| L4 |
| Layer 4 (according to the OSI layered model) |
| LAN |
| Local Area Network |
| LBE |
| Load Balancer Element |
| LBaaS |
| Load-Balancing-as-a-Service |
| LCT |
| Local Craft Terminal |
| LDAP |
| Lightweight Directory Access Protocol |
| LDIF |
| LDAP Data Interchange Format |
| LDN |
| Local Distinguished Name |
| LEA |
| Law Enforcement Agency |
| LKF |
| License Key File |
| LM |
| License Management |
| LOTC |
| Linux Open Telecom Cluster |
| LTE |
| Long Term Evolution |
| MAC |
| Media Access Control |
| MAF |
| Middleware Agnostic Framework |
| MBS |
| Maximum Burst Size |
| MD5 |
| Message-Digest algorithm 5 |
| MDF |
| Model Delivery Function |
| ME |
| Managed Element |
| MG |
| Media Gateway |
| MGC |
| Media Gateway Controller |
| MGCF |
| Media Gateway Control Function |
| MGW |
| Media Gateway |
| MIA |
| Manual Intervention Allowed |
| MIB |
| Management Information Base |
| MIM |
| Management Information Model |
| MMAS |
| Multimedia Application Server |
| MO |
| Managed Object |
| MOC |
| Managed Object Class |
| MOM |
| Managed Object Model |
| MRF |
| Multimedia Resource Function |
| MS |
| Mobile Station |
| MSC |
| Mobile Switching Center |
| MSD |
| Master Slave Determination |
| MSISDN |
| Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number |
| MSS |
| Mobile Softswitch Solution |
| MTAS |
| Multimedia Telephony Application Server |
| MTP |
| Message Transfer Part |
| MTU |
| Maximum Transmission Unit |
| MW |
| Middleware |
| NAI |
| Network Access Identifier |
| NAPT |
| Network Address Port Translation |
| NAT |
| Network Address Translation |
| NBI |
| Northbound Interface |
| ND |
| Neighbor Discovery |
| NE |
| Network Element |
| NeLS |
| Network License Server |
| NETCONF |
| Network Configuration |
| NF |
| Network Function |
| NFV |
| Network Function Virtualization |
| NFVI |
| Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure |
| NIC |
| Network Interface Controller |
| NMC |
| Network Management Center |
| NMS |
| Network Management System |
| NNI |
| Network-to-Network Interface |
| NPLI |
| Network Provided Location Information |
| NTP |
| Network Time Protocol |
| O&M |
| Operation and Maintenance |
| OAM |
| Operations, Administration, and Maintenance |
| OAMP |
| Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning |
| OID |
| Object Identifier |
| OLP |
| Overload Protection |
| OPI |
| Operating Instructions |
| OS |
| Operating System |
| OSI |
| Open Systems Interconnection |
| OSPF |
| Open Shortest Path First |
| OSS |
| Operations Support System |
| OVA |
| Open Virtualized Architecture |
| OVF |
| Open Virtualization Format |
| P-CSCF |
| Proxy Call Session Control Function |
| PAI |
| P-Asserted-Identity |
| PAM |
| Pluggable Authentication Module |
| PANI |
| P-Access-Network-Info |
| PBX |
| Private Branch Exchange |
| PC |
| Personal Computer Probable Cause |
| PCFA |
| P-Charging Function Address |
| PCM |
| Pulse Code Modulation |
| PCMU |
| Pulse Code Modulation, µ-law |
| PCP |
| Priority Code Point |
| PCRE |
| Perl Compatible Regular Expressions |
| PCV |
| P-Charging-Vector |
| PDB |
| Parameter Database |
| Probability Density Function Portable Document Format |
| PDN |
| Packet Data Networks |
| PDU |
| Protocol Data Unit |
| PI |
| Performance Indicator |
| PKCS |
| Public-Key Cryptography Standards |
| PKI |
| Public-Key Infrastructure |
| PL |
| Payload |
| PLMN |
| Public Land Mobile Network |
| PM |
| Performance Management |
| PNF |
| Physical Network Function |
| PNI |
| Private Network Interface |
| PoC |
| Push to Talk over Cellular |
| POSIX |
| Portable Operating System Interface |
| PPI |
| P-Preferred-Identity |
| PPP |
| Point-to-Point Protocol |
| PS |
| Packet Switched |
| PSI |
| Public Service Identity |
| PSK |
| Preshared Key |
| PSTN |
| Public Switched Telephone Network |
| PXE |
| Preboot eXecution Environment |
| QoS |
| Quality of Service |
| RA |
| Registration Authority |
| RAA |
| Re-Auth-Answer |
| RACF |
| Resource and Admission Control Function |
| RACS |
| Resource and Admission Control Subsystem |
| RAM |
| Random-Access Memory |
| RAR |
| Re-Auth-Request |
| RBAC |
| Role-Based Access Control |
| RBS |
| Radio Base Station |
| RCA |
| Root Cause Analysis |
| RDN |
| Relative Distinguished Name |
| RFC |
| Request for Comments |
| ROP |
| Report Output Period |
| RPC |
| Remote Procedure Call |
| RPH |
| Resource-Priority Header |
| RPM |
| RedHat® Package Manager |
| RR |
| Resource Records |
| RRT |
| Realm Routing Table |
| RSA |
| Rivest, Shamir and Adleman |
| RSIP |
| Realm Specific Internet Protocol |
| RTCP |
| RTP Control Protocol |
| RTP |
| Real-Time Transport Protocol |
| RTT |
| Round-Trip Time |
| S-CSCF |
| Serving Call Session Control Function |
| SA |
| Security Association Support Agent |
| SAF |
| Service Availability Forum |
| SAVP |
| Secure Audio Video Profile |
| SC |
| System Controller |
| SCC-AS |
| Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server |
| SCCP |
| Signalling Connection Control Part |
| SCEP |
| Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol |
| SCF |
| Service Control Functions |
| SCTP |
| Stream Control Transmission Protocol |
| SCX |
| System Control Switch |
| SCXB |
| System Control Switch Board |
| SDES |
| Security Description for SDP |
| SDK |
| Software Development Kit |
| SDP |
| Session Description Protocol Software Delivery Package |
| SE |
| Security Element |
| SecM |
| Security Management |
| SELinux |
| Security-Enhanced Linux |
| SF |
| System Functions |
| SFTP |
| Secure File Transfer Protocol |
| SHA |
| Secure Hash Algorithm |
| SI |
| Service Instance Status Inspection |
| SID |
| Silence Insertion Descriptor |
| SIP |
| Session Initiation Protocol |
| SIP-I |
| SIP with encapsulated ISUP |
| SIP-T |
| SIP for Telephones |
| SLA |
| Service Level Agreement |
| SMMSL |
| SIP Message Manipulation Scripting Language |
| SNMP |
| Simple Network Management Protocol |
| SoC |
| Statement of Compliance |
| SPDF |
| Service-Based Policy Decision Function |
| SPL |
| Service Priority Level |
| SPLMN |
| Serving PLMN |
| SR |
| Site Router |
| SRTCP |
| Secure Real-Time Control Protocol |
| SRTP |
| Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol |
| SRTP-DTLS |
| Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol Datagram Transport Layer Security |
| SRV |
| Service |
| SRVCC |
| Single Radio Voice Call Continuity |
| SS7 |
| Signalling System No. 7 |
| SSCF |
| Service Specific Coordination Functions |
| SSCOP |
| Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol |
| SSH |
| Secure Shell |
| SSL |
| Secure Socket Layer |
| STA |
| Session-Termination-Answer |
| STR |
| Session-Termination-Request |
| SU |
| Service Unit |
| SW |
| Software |
| SwIM |
| Software Inventory Management |
| SwM |
| Software Management |
| TBAC |
| Target-Based Access Control |
| TC |
| Textual Convention |
| TCAP |
| Transaction Capabilities Application Part |
| TCP |
| Transmission Control Protocol |
| TDM |
| Time Division Multiplexing |
| TDMA |
| Time Division Multiple Access |
| TGRP |
| Trunk Group |
| TIPC |
| Transparent Inter-Process Communication |
| TISPAN |
| Telecoms & Internet converged Services & Protocols for Advanced Networks |
| TLS |
| Transport Layer Security |
| TrFO |
| Transcoder Free Operation |
| TrGW |
| Transition Gateway |
| TS |
| Technical Specification |
| TTC |
| Telecommunication Technology Committee |
| TTL |
| Time To Live |
| UCF |
| Upgrade Control File |
| UDA |
| User-Data-Answer |
| UDP |
| User Datagram Protocol |
| UDPTL |
| UDP Transport Layer |
| UDR |
| User-Data-Request |
| UE |
| User Equipment |
| UG |
| User Guide |
| ULN |
| Unique Logical Name |
| UML |
| Unified Modeling Language |
| UMTS |
| Universal Mobile Communication System |
| UNI |
| User-to-Network Interface |
| UP |
| Upgrade Package |
| URI |
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
| URL |
| Uniform Resource Locator |
| URN |
| Uniform Resource Name |
| USM |
| User-based Security Model |
| UTC |
| Coordinated Universal Time |
| UTF |
| Unicode Transformation Format |
| VC |
| Virtualization Container |
| vCPU |
| Virtual CPU |
| VDU |
| Virtualization Deployment Unit |
| VIP |
| Virtual Internet Protocol |
| VLAN |
| Virtual LAN |
| VM |
| Virtual Machine |
| vMRF |
| Virtual Multimedia Resource Function |
| VNF |
| Virtualized Network Function |
| VNFC |
| Virtualized Network Function Component |
| VNFCI |
| Virtualized Network Function Component Instance |
| VNFD |
| Virtualized Network Function Descriptor |
| VNFI |
| Virtualized Network Function Instance |
| VNFM |
| Virtualized Network Function Manager |
| vNIC |
| Virtualized Network Interface Controller |
| VoIP |
| Voice over IP |
| VoLTE |
| Voice over LTE |
| VMDK |
| Virtual Machine Disk |
| VMM |
| Virtual Machine Monitor |
| VPLMN |
| Visited - Public Land Mobile Network |
| VPN |
| Virtual Private Network |
| VR |
| Virtual Router |
| VRRP |
| Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol |
| WB |
| Wideband |
| WCDMA |
| Wideband Code Division Multiple Access |
| WCG |
| Web Communication Gateway |
| xDSL |
| Digital Subscriber Line |
| XML |
| Extensible Markup Language |
| XSD |
| XML Schema Definition |