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<h1>Nokia Base Station Subsystem interfaces</h1>

<p>GSM standard open interfaces and Nokia-specific interfaces
are used in Nokia BSS.</p>


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<h2>A interface</h2>

<p>The interface between the mobile switching centre (MSC)
and the base station controller (Nokia Base Station Controller) is implemented
according to the GSM specifications.</p>


<p>Because of the Nokia BSS implementation, the actual A interface
is located between the MSC and Nokia Transcoder Submultiplexer (TCSM). The
physical interface consists of one or more PCM lines.</p>
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<h2>Ater interface</h2>

<p>Ater interface is a Nokia-specific interface. It is located
between Nokia Transcoder Submultiplexer and Nokia Base Station Controller.
The physical interface consists of one or more PCM lines.</p>
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<h2>Abis interface</h2>

<p>The Abis interface telecommunication part between Nokia
Base Station Controller and Base Station (BTS) is implemented according to
the GSM specifications. The physical interface is a PCM line.</p>


<p>The Abis operation and maintenance (O&amp;M) part is Nokia-specific
supporting additional features, such as alarm consistency, remote transmission
equipment management, and BTS database management.</p>
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<h2>Radio interface</h2>

<p>The Radio interface is implemented according to the GSM
specifications. The BTS forms the Radio interface through air to the mobile
station (MS).</p>
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<h2>Q1 interface</h2>

<p>The Q1 interface is a Nokia-specific interface. It is a
transmission management bus connecting Nokia NetAct with Nokia PDH transmission
elements. Transmission Unit (TRU) and Hopper microwave radios are also connected
to Nokia NetAct via the Q1 interface.</p>
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<h2>Gb interface</h2>

<p>The Gb interface is an open interface between a BSC and
a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN). It is implemented using Frame Relay (FR).
Frame Relay can be either point-to-point (PCU-SGSN) or there can be a frame
relay network located between the BSC and SGSN. The protocol stack comprises
of BSSGB, NS, and L1. The physical layer is implemented as one or several
PCM-E1 lines with G.703 interface.</p>
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