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<div class="div">
<h1>EGPRS Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS)</h1>

<p>EGPRS supports higher data rates compared to basic GPRS,
using several Modulation and Coding Schemes (<a href="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=general_glossary&amp;edition=13&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=id09745#id09745" onclick="openSmallPopup(event,'NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=general_glossary&amp;edition=13&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=id09745#id09745');return false" shape="rect" target="_blank">MCS</a>s)
varying from 8.8 kbit/s to 59.2 kbit/s in the radio interface.</p>


<p>Altogether nine MCSs are designed for EGPRS. When an <a href="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=general_glossary&amp;edition=13&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=id08942#id08942" onclick="openSmallPopup(event,'NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=general_glossary&amp;edition=13&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=id08942#id08942');return false" shape="rect" target="_blank">RLC</a>
data block is sent, the information is encoded using one of the MCSs to resist
channel degradation and modulated before transmission over the air-interface.</p>


<p>Since the resources are limited, the higher the level of protection
for information, the less information is sent. The protection that best fits
the channel condition is chosen for a maximum throughput. MCS-1 to MCS-9 range
from a high protection/low bit rate to a no protection/high bit rate, as summarised
in the figure <em>Data Rates and Protection Levels for Modulation
and Coding Schemes</em>. The GMSK modulation provides the robust mode for
wide area coverage while 8-PSK provides higher data rates.</p>


<a name="nov212163378" shape="rect"></a>
<div>
<p>Table: Peak data rates for EGPRS Modulation and Coding Schemes</p>


<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="bottom">
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top"><p>MCS</p>
</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top"><p>Modulation</p>
</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top"><p>Code Rate</p>
</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top"><p>Family</p>
</th>
<th colspan="1" rowspan="1" valign="top"><p>User Rate</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>MCS-1</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="4"><p>GMSK</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>.53</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>C</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>8.8 kbit/s</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>MCS-2</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>.66</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>B</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>11.2 kbit/s</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>MCS-3</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>.80</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>A</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>14.8 kbit/s</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>MCS-4</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>1</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>C</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>17.6 kbit/s</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>MCS-5</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="5"><p>8PSK</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>.37</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>B</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>22.4 kbit/s</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>MCS-6</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>.49</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>A</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>29.6 kbit/s</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>MCS-7</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>.76</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>B</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>44.8 kbit/s</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>MCS-8</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>.92</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>A</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>54.4 kbit/s</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>MCS-9</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>1</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>A</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>59.2 kbit/s</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>


<p>In EGPRS, it is possible to switch between any of the MCSs,
from one data block to another, as it is in GPRS. In EGPRS, however, it is
possible also to change the re-transmission MCS whereas GPRS re-transmission
takes place with exactly the same level of protection as for the initial transmission.
This is useful since the level of protection needed in a re-transmission may
differ due to varying channel conditions and the existing protection from
earlier Incremental Redundancy (IR) transmissions.</p>


<p>MCSs are organised in families to allow re-segmentation of data blocks
in case of retransmissions, using Link Adaptation (LA). The retransmission
can be accomplished with lower coding schemes, that is, if the transmission
failed with the original, higher coding scheme, the same data can be re-transmitted
with a lower codec within the same family.</p>


<a name="nov282161271" shape="rect"></a>
<div>
<img alt="urn:mars:dn02242129:1:en:global:cgm_fixed:data:data" border="0" src="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn02242129&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=gif&amp;component=data&amp;item=data" /><p class="figure-caption">Figure: Data Rates and Protection Levels for Modulation and Coding Schemes</p>
</div>


<a name="nov21216161110" shape="rect"></a>
<dl class="note-notification">
<dt class="note-caption">Note</dt>
<dd>GPRS is not a subset of EGPRS. The GPRS coding schemes,
CS-1 to CS-4, are different than the EGPRS GMSK coding schemes, MCS-1 to MCS-4.</dd>
</dl>


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