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<h1>Overview of Enhanced Quality of Service (EQoS)</h1>

<p>Enhanced Quality of Service (EQoS) consists of several
improvements over the BSS10.5 QoS management. In previous BSS releases, the
QoS provisioning of best effort services included priority based scheduling.
However, the development of streaming service types requires inevitably better
services such as guaranteed throughput. Enhanced Quality of Service (EQoS)
consists of a set of enhancements necessary for supporting traffic classes
and guaranteed bitrate services.</p>


<p>The most significant change related to EQoS is the support
of BSS Packet Flow Context (BSS <a href="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=general_glossary&amp;edition=13&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=id019954#id019954" onclick="openSmallPopup(event,'NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=general_glossary&amp;edition=13&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=id019954#id019954');return false" shape="rect" target="_blank">PFC</a>),
which gives BSS better visibility of the Quality of Service parameters associated
with the connections.</p>


<p>Enhanced Quality of Service is an application software
product and requires a valid licence in the BSC.</p>


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<h2>Benefits
of Enhanced Quality of Service</h2>

<p>With Enhanced Quality of Service, services that require
guaranteed data rates can be delivered over the BSS. This allows the launch
of new type of services over (E)GPRS, for example streaming video clips or
hotline news and music and radio broadcasting. Also Push-to-talk over Cellular
(<a href="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=general_glossary&amp;edition=13&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=id019323#id019323" onclick="openSmallPopup(event,'NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=general_glossary&amp;edition=13&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=id019323#id019323');return false" shape="rect" target="_blank">PoC</a>) speech delivery service
benefits of using streaming traffic class.</p>


<p>With EQoS, minimum throughput can be guaranteed for a service
if the subscriber’s quality parameters, defined in the (E)GPRS subscriber
data in the HLR, allow the use of Streaming Traffic Class. With Streaming
Traffic Class support EQoS provides means to differentiate between subscribers
based on subscribed quality of service classes.</p>


<p>EQoS provides the operator with tools to implement different kinds of
QoS strategies, and consistent good service quality for subscribers. EQoS
enables good quality throughout the session for all admitted connections.
Mobile terminals that support 3GPP Streaming traffic class can be given the
Streaming traffic class, in other words a guaranteed bitrate for the connection.
There is also a minimum bitrate available (nominal bitrate) for Background
and Interactive traffic classes. Circuit switched traffic has higher priority
than best effort packet switched traffic. With EQoS, the streaming traffic
class has the same priority as circuit switched traffic. (E)GPRS territory
downgrade permission request procedure allows the PCU to reject a territory
downgrade operation, if it caused degradation to service quality of streaming
traffic class PFCs.</p>


<p>3GPP standard PFC is introduced in release 99. PFC support is optional
for both the network and the MS. The PCU negotiates the PFC support with both
mobile and SGSN. For an MS that does not support PFC, the operator may define
the traffic class for each radio priority/precedence value.</p>
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<h2>Implementation of Enhanced Quality of Service</h2>

<p>The BSS Packet Flow Context (BSS PFC) is a procedure defined
for 3GPP R4 Gb, which enables the transfer of QoS parameters between the Core
Network (SGSN) and the BSS (PCU). The QoS parameters transferred from SGSN
are not related to one packet but to a flow of packets for a particular PDP
Context. One MS may have several PDP contexts with different QoS parameters
at the same time. Similarly, one MS may have several PFCs at the same time
in the PCU. 3GPP Rel-4 supports only one temporary block flow (TBF) for one
MS to each direction in the radio interface. Therefore, the PCU can serve
several PFCs during a TBF. A TBF is always associated to a PFC. The PFC may
be stored in the PCU longer than the TBF exists.</p>


<p>In BSS11.5, the scheduling of data packets is based on
Bucket Round Robin (BRR) scheduling, which can provide differentiated service
for each Traffic Class. The handling of streaming traffic sets new requirements
on the scheduling algorithm as Streaming Traffic Class should have the highest
priority over interactive and background traffic classes. In addition, the
scheduling is further developed in order to harmonise it with Radio Resource
Management (RRM) and Link Adaptation (LA), to maximise kbps/TSL. This harmonisation
is needed for Admission Control (AC) and Quality Control (QC) purposes. The
bottleneck of the throughput is in the Radio Access Network (RAN). Hence,
providing streaming services is possible only if the RAN guarantees a certain
throughput.</p>
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<h2>Treatment Class (TREC)</h2>

<p>TREC is a combination of the values of the most relevant 3GPP QoS attributes:
Traffic Class, ARP and THP. Technically, with the TREC management we mean
here the mobile network functionality, which enables the mobile network provider
to easily differentiate the traffic in his network into several different
logical “pipes” and furthermore associate different service features provided
either by himself or by partner service providers with these “pipes”. Internet
as non-controllable part of the end-to-end path is not covered by TREC concept.
The differentiation includes both the actual treatment of data packets in
the network and their marking at edges of the network based on selected TREC’s
to be used for different user groups and services. Differentiation needs to
be clearly measurable so that the selections can be tuned based on the actual
measured results.</p>


<p>EQoS improves the treatment class monitoring capabilities significantly
since it contains QoS profile specific counters which can be mapped based
on TREC concept. EQoS algorithm supports TREC concept as the admission control,
scheduling and monitoring solutions differentiate the traffic based on Traffic
Class, ARP and THP. The operator may get for example separate counters for
PoC, if one of the QoS TRECs is dedicated for PoC.</p>
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<p><a href="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn04111117&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=ned_2#ned_2" onclick="sync(this);return true" shape="rect">3GPP R99 QoS parameters</a></p>


<p><a href="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn04111117&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=ned_3#ned_3" onclick="sync(this);return true" shape="rect">Admission Control (AC) and Channel Allocation</a></p>


<p><a href="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn04111117&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=ned_4#ned_4" onclick="sync(this);return true" shape="rect">Quality Control (QC)</a></p>
</div>


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