<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Optimised GPRS Radio Resource Management</title>
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" />
<meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" />
<script src="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn00188761&amp;edition=1&amp;language=none&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=javascript&amp;component=data&amp;item=data" type="text/javascript" xml:space="preserve">
</script>
<?conversion name="Pub2XHTML" version="2.0" source="urn:mars:dn04111386:1:en:global:publishing_online_1_0:data:data:*:*:*" date="2005-02-21T15:41:19Z"?>
<link href="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn01158124&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=css&amp;component=data&amp;item=data" rel="stylesheet" title="Nokia Networks default online style" type="text/css" />
<meta content="draft" name="status" />
<?conversion name="SplitHTML" version="1.9" source="urn:mars:dn04111386:1:en:global:publishing_online_1_0:data:data:53:*:*" date="2005-02-21T15:41:19Z"?>
</head>
<body lang="en" xml:lang="en">
<p><a name="mar44122732" shape="rect"></a>
<a name="ned_3" shape="rect"></a></p>

<div class="div">
<table width="100%">
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="20%"><?NED5 annotation?>
<br clear="none" /><?NED5 printview?>
</td>
<td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="20%"></td>
<td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="20%"></td>
<td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="20%"><a href="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn04111386&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=ned_1#ned_1" onclick="sync(this);return true" shape="rect">Overview of Nokia GPRS</a></td>
<td align="center" colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="20%"><a href="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn04111386_about&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=ned_top#ned_top" onclick="openSmallPopup(event,'NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn04111386_about&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=xhtml_1_0&amp;component=data&amp;item=data&amp;pointer=ned_top#ned_top');return false" shape="rect" target="_blank"><img alt="Document information" border="0" class="Metainfo" src="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn01158003&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=gif&amp;component=data&amp;item=data" /></a></td>
</tr>
</table>


<div class="div">
<h2>Optimised GPRS Radio Resource Management</h2>

<p>The Nokia BSS offers dynamic algorithms and parameters
to optimise the use of radio resources. A dynamic and flexible GPRS radio
resource management is important in effective usage of the Air interface capacity
to ensure the maximum and secure data throughput. The limited radio resources
must be used effectively.</p>


<p>The figure below introduces the logical GPRS radio interface
channels:</p>


<a name="apr1541917255" shape="rect"></a>
<div>
<img alt="urn:mars:dn0469292:1:en:global:tiff:data:data" border="0" src="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn0469292&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=gif&amp;component=data&amp;item=data" /><p class="figure-caption">Figure: GPRS Air Interface Logical channels</p>
</div>


<a name="apr1541920536" shape="rect"></a>
<div>
<img alt="urn:mars:dn0469362:1:en:global:tiff:data:data" border="0" src="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn0469362&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=gif&amp;component=data&amp;item=data" /><p class="figure-caption">Figure: GPRS: DCH Dedicated' Channels</p>
</div>


<p>GPRS packets are sent uni-directionally; uplink and downlink
are separate resources. MS can have also bi-directional connection while using
the GPRS by having simultaneous uplink and downlink packet transfers. A Temporary
Block Flow (TBF) is made for every new data flow. One or more packet data
traffic channels (PDTCHs) are allocated for the TBF. The TBF is used to send
RLC/MAC blocks carrying one or more LLC PCUs. The TBF reservations of PDTCHs
are released when all the RLC/MAC blocks have been sent successfully.</p>


<p>Packet Associated Control Channel (PACCH) conveys signalling
information related to a given MS. The PACCH is a bi-directional channel and
is located in the PDCH. It transmits signalling in both directions although
data is transmitted (PDTCH) only to the assigned direction.</p>


<p>Multiple MSs can share one PDTCH, but the PDTCH is dedicated
to one MS (TBF) at a time. This means that the PDTCH is reserved for multiple
TBFs, but one TBF is receiving or sending at a time. All the GPRS TBFs allocated
to a PDTCH are served equally. The number of TSLs allocated for a multislot
MS is determined by the MS multislot capability and network. Reallocations
are done when the transfer mode is changed between uni-directional (only uplink
or downlink data transfer) and bi-directional (simultaneous uplink and downlink
data transfer).</p>


<p>All the full rate or dual rate traffic channels are GPRS
capable. With the Nokia GPRS solution, the operator can define dynamically
multiple parameters related to network configuration, such as</p>


<ul>
<li><p>GPRS capacity cell by cell and TRX
by TRX</p>
</li>
<li><p>GPRS only traffic channels (Dedicated
GPRS capacity)</p>
</li>
<li><p>Default amount of GPRS capable traffic
channels (Default GPRS capacity) and</p>
</li>
<li><p>Whether BCCH TRX or non-BCCH TRX is
preferred for GPRS.</p>
</li>
</ul>


<p>The adjustable parameters help the network planners to
control and optimise the GPRS radio resources.</p>


<a name="apr154192237" shape="rect"></a>
<div>
<img alt="urn:mars:dn0469526:1:en:global:tiff:data:data" border="0" src="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn0469526&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=gif&amp;component=data&amp;item=data" /><p class="figure-caption">Figure: Example of GPRS capable cell</p>
</div>


<p>The BSS is upgraded with enhanced RLC/MAC protocols and
TRAU for the radio and Abis interfaces. Circuit Switched (CS) traffic has
priority over Packet Switched (PS) traffic. In a CS congestion situation,
the CS may use the Default GPRS traffic channels, but Dedicated GPRS traffic
channels are reserved to carry PS traffic.</p>


<p>The default GPRS capacity determines a number of traffic
channels (TCHs), which are always switched to the PCU when allowed by CS traffic
load. With these TCHs, the operator can supply the need for fast GPRS channel
reservations for the first data packets. During peak GPRS traffic periods,
additional channels are switched to a GPRS use, if the CS traffic load allows
it.</p>


<a name="apr1541922448" shape="rect"></a>
<div>
<img alt="urn:mars:dn0469538:1:en:global:tiff:data:data" border="0" src="NED?action=retrieve&amp;identifier=dn0469538&amp;edition=1&amp;language=en&amp;coverage=global&amp;encoding=gif&amp;component=data&amp;item=data" /><p class="figure-caption">Figure: Air interface traffic management</p>
</div>


<p>Dedicated, default, and additional GPRS TCHs form a GPRS
pool consisting of consecutive radio interface timeslots. When the GPRS pool
is upgraded, intra cell handovers of CS connections may be needed to allow
the selection of the consecutive timeslot for the GPRS use. New CS connections
may be allocated to a TCH in the GPRS pool only when all the TCHs not belonging
to the GPRS pool are occupied.</p>


<p>IUO super reuse and extended cell radius frequencies are
not used for GPRS traffic, but the features themselves can be used to release
resources for GPRS usage. In cells where Base Band Frequency Hopping is in
use, TSL 0 is not used for the GPRS traffic.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>