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<h1>DE34/DF34 Four-way Wideband Combining with Dual Duplexing</h1>

<p>AFE is a two-way wideband hybrid combiner with a diversity
four-way receiver multicoupler. It is possible to connect a number of AFEs
into the same sector thus enabling a combination of a number of transmitters
into the antennas. If this combining technique is used together with baseband
frequency hopping, an additional benefit is that in average every other burst
will be transmitted via a different antenna thus implementing downlink diversity.</p>


<p>A new enhancement in the feature is '12 TRX Cell with Wideband
Combining' support. This supports up to six combiner units per sector which
makes it possible to utilise RF hopping with up to 12 TRXs per sector. The
12 TRX solution would use six AFEs, with 6 antennas, the antenna beams overlapping
to cover the same geographical area. Three cross-polarised antennas can be
used to reduce the number of antennas to a minimum. Similarly, 5 AFEs (10
TRXs) requires 5 antennas, 4 AFEs (8 TRXs) requires 4 antennas or 2 cross-polar
antennas, and 3 AFEs (6 TRXs) requires 3 antennas.</p>


<p>The connection scheme per sector is as follows when using
4-TRX combining with dual duplexing.</p>


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<dl class="note-notification">
<dt class="note-caption">Note</dt>
<dd>The following diagram only presents the connection principle,
not the physical units. If duplexing is not used, four antennas per sector
are required.</dd>
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<p>The both Nokia Intratalk and Citytalk cabinets support
six AFEs thus making it possible to build a 3*4 TRX sectored site with a wideband
combining and with six antennas.</p>


<p>The monitoring of the antennas will be organised as follows:</p>


<p>The VSWR of the antenna carrying the BCCH will be monitored
during a normal operation. The other antenna does not have a continuous transmit
signal, which is mandatory for the VSWR measurement. Therefore, the BCF must
start a continuous fixed level transmission on one of the TRXs connected to
the other antenna. For example, if in the above picture the BCCH is supported
on TRX1, the transmission must be started on TRX3 or TRX4. For a reliable
measurement, the transmission must be on for at least 500 ms before measurement
can be made. When measurement is completed, the transmission is switched off.
The transmission power used during the test is the BCCH power defined for
this cell. </p>


<p>The above covers the antenna supervision when base band
hopping is not used. When base band hopping is used, it is necessary to activate
transmission in all TRXs belonging to the same hopping group in order to ensure
continuous transmission in antenna. Otherwise the procedure is the same.</p>


<p>Ongoing calls will not be disturbed. If there is a call
ongoing in a TRX for which the continuous transmission is activated, it shall
be maintained and no interruption to speech to either direction will occur.
If the call is on time slot 4, for example, we simply activate the transmission
on all other time slots too. During the measurement, all timeslots, including
time slot 4, will transmit on BCCH level. After the measurement, the transmit
power of time slot 4 is put back to that set by the BSC. </p>


<p>The fact that all timeslots transmit on the BCCH power
will mean that mobiles may see an increase in the received signal level during
the test. The whole duration of the VSWR measurement is only one second. This
is too short a time for the power control algorithms to react to.</p>


<p>The hardware configuration used must be entered into the
hardware database with MMI.</p>
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