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<div class="div">
<h1>Observations</h1>

<p>BSC observations can be used in obtaining exact information
on events in call handling. There may be events such as abnormal function
or traffic pattern in calls on a specific cell or channel, several calls having
ended prematurely without any obvious reason, inability to establish calls
from some location area, or system testing. The most versatile way of obtaining
the required information is to use the BSC observation.</p>


<p>The BSC observation generates real-time observation records
on various occasions. Records are stored on disk files, which can be transferred
to the NetAct for post processing. The user can direct an appropriate observation
to a desired object and define the time schedule for that observation.</p>


<p>All observations can be running simultaneously. However,
each observation type can have only one object at a time. There can, nevertheless,
be several on-line observations active at the same time.</p>


<p>Handover records are made when there are handovers in the
observing cell.</p>


<p>The following observation types are available:</p>


<a name="mar1541458491" shape="rect"></a>
<div class="topic">
<h2>SDCCH
Observation (SDCCH_OBS)</h2>

<p>The SDCCH observation report contains information about
the SDCCH seizure and release. All SDCCH TSLs for the current TRX of BTS are
monitored and identified in the observation files. The TSL parameter value
defines whether a one particular TSL (0..7) or  all TSLs  ("ALL") are observed.</p>


<p>The SDCCH observation includes the observation reports
of the BSIC and BCCH of the serving cell.</p>
</div>


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<div class="topic">
<h2>TCH
Observation (TCH_OBS)</h2>

<p>The TCH observation report contains detailed information
about the seizure and release of the TCH channel. All TCH TSLs for the current
TRX of BTS are monitored and identified in the observation files. The TSL
parameter value defines whether a one particular TSL (0..7) or  all TSLs 
(‘ALL’) are observed.</p>


<p>The TCH observation includes the observation reports of
the BSIC and BCCH of the serving cell.</p>
</div>


<a name="mar154150293" shape="rect"></a>
<div class="topic">
<h2>Incoming
Handover Observation (INC_HO_OBS)</h2>

<p>The incoming handover observation report contains information
about one MSC-controlled incoming handover, that is, coming to the BSC. The
report contains information about the following items:</p>


<ul>
<li><p>The new BTS and the channel</p>
</li>
<li><p>The type and cause of handover</p>
</li>
<li><p>Time stamps for handover requests</p>
</li>
<li><p>The incoming handover observation includes
the observation reports of BSIC and BCCH of the target cell.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>


<a name="mar15415314" shape="rect"></a>
<div class="topic">
<h2>Outgoing
Handover Observation (OUT_HO_OBS)</h2>

<p>The outgoing handover observation report contains information
about one MSC-controlled outgoing handover, that is, going from the BSC. The
report contains information about the following items:</p>


<ul>
<li><p>The old BTS and the channel</p>
</li>
<li><p>The type, cause, and result of the
handover</p>
</li>
<li><p>The location area and cell identity
of target cells</p>
</li>
<li><p>Whether the target cell belongs to
the same BSC as the source cell.</p>
</li>
</ul>


<p>The outgoing handover observation includes the observation
reports of the BSIC and BCCH of both the source and the target cells.</p>
</div>


<a name="mar154154565" shape="rect"></a>
<div class="topic">
<h2>Internal
Handover Observation (INT_HO_OBS)</h2>

<p>The internal handover observation report contains detailed
information about one intra-BSC (that is, BSC-controlled) handover. The reports
contain information about the following items:</p>


<ul>
<li><p>Old and new BTSs and the channel</p>
</li>
<li><p>The type of handover</p>
</li>
<li><p>The cause of handover</p>
</li>
<li><p>The result of handover</p>
</li>
<li><p>The time and duration of handover</p>
</li>
<li><p>The location area and cell identity
of target cells</p>
</li>
<li><p>Whether the target cell belongs to
the same BSC as the source cell.</p>
</li>
</ul>


<p>The internal handover observation includes the observation
reports of the BSIC and BCCH of both the source and the target cells.</p>
</div>


<a name="mar15415766" shape="rect"></a>
<div class="topic">
<h2>Clear
Code Observation (CC_OBS)</h2>

<p>With clear code observation the BSC Clear Codes (see BSC_CC
measurement) concerning one certain cell or one certain clear code in all
cells can be observed.  </p>
</div>


<a name="mar154157297" shape="rect"></a>
<div class="topic">
<h2>ISDN
Abis Observation (ISDN_ABIS)</h2>

<p>With this observation the functioning of the ISDN Abis
can be monitored. The observation record contains:</p>


<ul>
<li><p>Phase of the ISDN call (started or
released)</p>
</li>
<li><p>BTS and TRX identification</p>
</li>
<li><p>ISDN telephone number of the TRX</p>
</li>
<li><p>Start or release time of the ISDN call</p>
</li>
<li><p>Release cause.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>


<a name="mar154159188" shape="rect"></a>
<div class="topic">
<h2>BSIC
and BCCH</h2>

<p>BSIC and BCCH of the serving cells are included in observation
reports as follows:</p>


<a name="mar154151019" shape="rect"></a>
<div>
<p>Table: BSIC and BCCH of the serving cells in observation reports</p>


<table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>TCH Observation</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>BSIC and BCCH of the serving cell</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>SDCCH Observation</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>BSIC and BCCH of the serving cell</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Incoming Handover Observation only</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>BSIC and BCCH of the target cell</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Outgoing Handover Observation and the target cells</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>BSIC and BCCH of both the source</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="left" char="" charoff="50" valign="top">
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>Internal Handover Observation and the target cells</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><p>BSIC and BCCH of both the source</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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