1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:14,800 Hey guys and welcome back. 2 00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:20,280 So now what we're going to do in this nugget right here is to walk through the actual configuration 3 00:00:20,280 --> 00:00:24,440 that we can use when we are setting up LVM. 4 00:00:24,440 --> 00:00:28,760 Now what I'm going to do first is to add some disks to my virtual machine. 5 00:00:28,760 --> 00:00:31,360 You've seen me do this before in a few different nuggets. 6 00:00:31,360 --> 00:00:37,359 What I've done is I've actually reversed my snapshot so that I no longer have those additional 7 00:00:37,359 --> 00:00:38,359 disks. 8 00:00:38,359 --> 00:00:44,120 The reason being is that I just want to have different disks of different sizes to highlight 9 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:49,240 to you the utility of being able to group these together even if they do not have the 10 00:00:49,240 --> 00:00:50,520 same size you know. 11 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:53,040 So I'll make sure my device is powered off. 12 00:00:53,040 --> 00:00:54,719 I'll go to settings. 13 00:00:54,719 --> 00:00:55,719 I'll go to storage. 14 00:00:55,719 --> 00:00:59,119 I'll click on SATA and I'll add a new hard disk. 15 00:00:59,119 --> 00:01:00,119 I'll create one. 16 00:01:00,119 --> 00:01:01,119 I'll just say next. 17 00:01:01,119 --> 00:01:04,280 I'll say next again and I'll make the size pretty small. 18 00:01:04,280 --> 00:01:06,879 I'll just maybe make this one 200 or so meg. 19 00:01:06,879 --> 00:01:07,879 I'll say create. 20 00:01:07,879 --> 00:01:09,560 I will go down. 21 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:11,799 I'll select this and choose this. 22 00:01:11,799 --> 00:01:13,159 So now we've added this one. 23 00:01:13,159 --> 00:01:16,159 I'll add two more again hard disks. 24 00:01:16,159 --> 00:01:17,159 Creating new one. 25 00:01:17,159 --> 00:01:18,159 Next. 26 00:01:18,159 --> 00:01:19,159 Next. 27 00:01:19,159 --> 00:01:21,400 Let's maybe make this one a different value. 28 00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:24,120 Maybe say around 400 meg roughly. 29 00:01:24,120 --> 00:01:25,120 Let's create this. 30 00:01:25,120 --> 00:01:26,439 Go down. 31 00:01:26,439 --> 00:01:28,120 Select it and choose this. 32 00:01:28,120 --> 00:01:32,719 This is now also being added and then lastly we'll go to this one here hard disk. 33 00:01:32,719 --> 00:01:33,719 Let's create one. 34 00:01:33,719 --> 00:01:37,560 Let's say next and we'll maybe make this one around 700 meg. 35 00:01:37,560 --> 00:01:39,040 So let's create you. 36 00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:40,719 We'll select this one here. 37 00:01:40,719 --> 00:01:41,719 700 meg. 38 00:01:41,719 --> 00:01:44,159 Let's click choose and we'll say okay. 39 00:01:44,159 --> 00:01:47,000 So what I'll now do is I will power on my machine. 40 00:01:47,000 --> 00:01:48,000 Okay. 41 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:54,400 So I have now uploaded or uploaded I have now rebooted my machine and we are back on 42 00:01:54,400 --> 00:01:55,880 the command line. 43 00:01:55,880 --> 00:02:01,680 So now that we have added these three new disks, let's actually check for their presence. 44 00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:03,880 We can say LSBLK-F. 45 00:02:03,880 --> 00:02:10,800 We can actually see they are here SDB, SDC and SDD or alternatively we can go into our 46 00:02:10,800 --> 00:02:16,000 dev directory and wildcard search for all of our SD devices. 47 00:02:16,000 --> 00:02:21,240 We can see we have SDB, SDC and SDD. 48 00:02:21,240 --> 00:02:22,240 Perfect. 49 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:27,240 These three different disks as we know they are all of different sizes. 50 00:02:27,240 --> 00:02:34,240 What we want to be able to do here is to be able to bundle these together into that volume 51 00:02:34,240 --> 00:02:35,439 group. 52 00:02:35,439 --> 00:02:41,040 And once we have that big chunk of logical storage, then we can carve that up and as 53 00:02:41,040 --> 00:02:46,960 many pieces as we like and subdivide it into different partitions with different file systems. 54 00:02:46,960 --> 00:02:50,640 If we so choose, all of those options will be available to us. 55 00:02:50,639 --> 00:02:57,319 The first thing we want to be able to do here is we want to ensure that we can use LVM. 56 00:02:57,319 --> 00:03:01,719 So what I'm going to say is I'm going to say sudo apt install and I'm going to install 57 00:03:01,719 --> 00:03:02,719 LVM2. 58 00:03:02,719 --> 00:03:09,919 So if I enter here and I type in my password and to enter, I'm going to say yes of course 59 00:03:09,919 --> 00:03:14,719 and that should run through the installation of what we need LVM2. 60 00:03:14,719 --> 00:03:15,719 Okay. 61 00:03:15,719 --> 00:03:19,039 So we have now installed LVM2. 62 00:03:19,039 --> 00:03:25,759 Now you may recall in the previous Nuggets when we talked about creating a radaray, one 63 00:03:25,759 --> 00:03:30,280 of the things we had to do was to give that partition a particular label. 64 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:37,000 Now that label was going to be FD and we were able to do such a thing using FDisk. 65 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:40,959 Now we want to be able to do the same type of thing with respect to LVM. 66 00:03:40,959 --> 00:03:47,639 Remember we talked about when creating a physical volume, we want to put some type of header 67 00:03:47,879 --> 00:03:49,859 on that physical device. 68 00:03:49,859 --> 00:03:51,719 This is what we're going to do right now. 69 00:03:51,719 --> 00:03:56,839 So we're going to use FDisk and like I say, if I do an LS we have these three devices 70 00:03:56,839 --> 00:04:02,759 SDB, SDC and SDD again, all of different sizes. 71 00:04:02,759 --> 00:04:09,239 So what I shall do here is I'll say sudo FDisk and I'll first start out with SDB and I will 72 00:04:09,239 --> 00:04:10,239 hit enter. 73 00:04:10,239 --> 00:04:11,239 Okay. 74 00:04:11,239 --> 00:04:12,239 So we'll say M for help. 75 00:04:12,239 --> 00:04:14,560 We know to create a new partition. 76 00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:15,719 We can say N. 77 00:04:15,719 --> 00:04:18,000 We will choose a primary partition. 78 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:21,160 We'll have the partition number, just be the default one. 79 00:04:21,160 --> 00:04:23,399 We will have the sectors at the defaults. 80 00:04:23,399 --> 00:04:26,879 Now remember here is this part here. 81 00:04:26,879 --> 00:04:32,319 Automatically FDisk is going to select a partition of type Linux. 82 00:04:32,319 --> 00:04:35,079 Now this is not what we actually want right now. 83 00:04:35,079 --> 00:04:39,480 What I want to do is I want to change this and give this a very particular type so that 84 00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:42,199 we can have this LVM heading. 85 00:04:42,199 --> 00:04:44,959 So I'll say T and hit enter. 86 00:04:44,959 --> 00:04:47,959 Now we want to do capital L to list all the codes. 87 00:04:47,959 --> 00:04:52,759 Now just like we did with the RAID, we chose FD. 88 00:04:52,759 --> 00:04:59,359 This time the option is going to be Linux LVM and the code here is going to be 8E. 89 00:04:59,359 --> 00:05:03,479 So we will say 8E and then I'll hit enter. 90 00:05:03,479 --> 00:05:08,120 And now we can see here we've actually changed the partition from Linux to Linux LVM. 91 00:05:08,120 --> 00:05:10,120 This is exactly what we want to do. 92 00:05:10,120 --> 00:05:12,560 So we can say M for more help. 93 00:05:12,560 --> 00:05:17,160 We can see how we can actually write these changes by saying W. 94 00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:18,720 So that is exactly what we will do. 95 00:05:18,720 --> 00:05:19,720 Perfect. 96 00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:23,959 So now that is done, we want to repeat the process but for disk C. 97 00:05:23,959 --> 00:05:24,959 So we'll do the same. 98 00:05:24,959 --> 00:05:27,959 We'll say N, P for primary partition. 99 00:05:27,959 --> 00:05:30,120 Default one, we'll go with the default sectors. 100 00:05:30,120 --> 00:05:34,040 We'll change the type and the type will be 8E. 101 00:05:34,040 --> 00:05:35,040 We hit enter. 102 00:05:35,040 --> 00:05:39,160 We are now changing it to Linux LVM and we will write those changes. 103 00:05:39,160 --> 00:05:47,000 And the last one with disk D, again new partition, primary partition, default, default, default. 104 00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:49,080 Change the type to 8E. 105 00:05:49,080 --> 00:05:53,280 Hit enter, Linux LVM and we will write those changes. 106 00:05:53,280 --> 00:05:54,280 Perfect. 107 00:05:54,280 --> 00:06:00,360 So now like I say, we have these three disks marked with the LVM type. 108 00:06:00,360 --> 00:06:06,560 Now the very first command that we want to do is going to allow us to see any physical 109 00:06:06,560 --> 00:06:08,200 volumes we have created. 110 00:06:08,199 --> 00:06:13,839 Now one thing I want you to note here is that right now no physical volumes have been created. 111 00:06:13,839 --> 00:06:17,120 They have been primed to be a physical volume. 112 00:06:17,120 --> 00:06:20,079 So the command we can do is PV display. 113 00:06:20,079 --> 00:06:25,000 But as you're going to see here, we actually need to use it as the root user. 114 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:28,120 So I will say sudo PV display. 115 00:06:28,120 --> 00:06:30,079 And look at this magnificent output. 116 00:06:30,079 --> 00:06:32,120 We see absolutely nothing. 117 00:06:32,120 --> 00:06:36,439 And this is because we do not have any physical volumes quite just yet. 118 00:06:36,439 --> 00:06:42,480 In order to be able to create a physical volume, we have a very particular command. 119 00:06:42,480 --> 00:06:45,240 And that command is PV create. 120 00:06:45,240 --> 00:06:50,279 So if we go into the man page here, we can see here, this is how we initialize physical 121 00:06:50,279 --> 00:06:53,399 volumes for use by LVM. 122 00:06:53,399 --> 00:06:57,480 Now if we scroll on down, we can see all these different options. 123 00:06:57,480 --> 00:07:02,439 And again, I always encourage you to go through the man page so you can see the different 124 00:07:02,439 --> 00:07:04,600 ways to utilize these tools. 125 00:07:04,680 --> 00:07:06,720 For now, we'll press Q. 126 00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:10,360 And let me show you the basic setup that we want to utilize here. 127 00:07:10,360 --> 00:07:13,040 I'm going to say PV create. 128 00:07:13,040 --> 00:07:17,360 And I'm going to select my disks now just for posterity. 129 00:07:17,360 --> 00:07:19,280 Remember the dislocations. 130 00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:27,520 We're going to use SDB1, which is the partition which is marked as LVM, SDC1 and SDD1. 131 00:07:27,520 --> 00:07:29,080 These are the three ones we are targeting. 132 00:07:29,080 --> 00:07:32,439 So what I'll say is sudo PV create. 133 00:07:32,439 --> 00:07:35,160 And now all I'm going to do is specify those devices. 134 00:07:35,160 --> 00:07:39,240 So dev SDB1, that's the first device that we want to include. 135 00:07:39,240 --> 00:07:42,839 Then I'll say dev SDC1, the second device. 136 00:07:42,839 --> 00:07:45,519 And then dev SDD1. 137 00:07:45,519 --> 00:07:50,000 We can see a physical volume has been successfully created. 138 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:56,480 And now if we actually use our command PV display, and I don't match the keypad, that 139 00:07:56,480 --> 00:07:57,480 would be a lot better. 140 00:07:57,480 --> 00:07:59,040 And of course, we need to do sudo. 141 00:07:59,040 --> 00:08:01,759 If I hit enter, check this out. 142 00:08:01,759 --> 00:08:03,439 We can see the output right here. 143 00:08:03,439 --> 00:08:08,879 New physical volume, we can see the name is dev SDB. 144 00:08:08,879 --> 00:08:11,039 We can see the actual size here. 145 00:08:11,039 --> 00:08:16,039 Remember that was the first size that we used when we created our disk, just over 200 meg. 146 00:08:16,039 --> 00:08:19,719 Then we see the next disk, dev SDC. 147 00:08:19,719 --> 00:08:22,480 We see the size here, just over 400 meg. 148 00:08:22,480 --> 00:08:26,399 And the last one is SDD1, just over 700 meg. 149 00:08:26,399 --> 00:08:28,240 So this is kind of like what we talked about. 150 00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:29,639 In fact, not kind of like. 151 00:08:29,639 --> 00:08:32,480 This is exactly like what we talked about. 152 00:08:32,480 --> 00:08:38,559 We have ultimately added three different disks, ones around, like I say, 200 meg. 153 00:08:38,559 --> 00:08:40,879 One was around 400. 154 00:08:40,879 --> 00:08:45,080 And the third one, a little bit bigger at around 700 meg. 155 00:08:45,080 --> 00:08:46,319 Very, very roughly, of course. 156 00:08:46,319 --> 00:08:51,080 All of these have been marked with the correct header, and they've all been created to be 157 00:08:51,080 --> 00:08:52,799 physical volumes. 158 00:08:52,799 --> 00:08:59,360 That means that they are now primed and ready to be combined into a volume group, such that 159 00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:05,720 we have one big logical volume of size, 1.3 gig. 160 00:09:05,720 --> 00:09:11,120 So how on earth do we actually transfer these physical volumes so that we can combine them 161 00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:13,200 into this volume group? 162 00:09:13,200 --> 00:09:16,200 Well, it's a very, very similar process. 163 00:09:16,200 --> 00:09:21,519 The first thing we will do is see how we can check if we do have any volume groups created. 164 00:09:21,519 --> 00:09:23,399 The command we will use is very similar. 165 00:09:23,399 --> 00:09:25,600 It's not PV display. 166 00:09:25,600 --> 00:09:30,200 This time it's VG display, volume group display. 167 00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:35,759 So if I hit Enter, again, we get this absolutely magnificent output, absolutely nothing at 168 00:09:35,759 --> 00:09:36,759 all. 169 00:09:36,759 --> 00:09:42,120 So what we have to do is, just like what we did with PV create, we now need to be able 170 00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:44,080 to create that volume group. 171 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:50,160 Now, the command we're going to use this time is going to be VG create very, very similar. 172 00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:54,680 And we can see here this command allows us to create a volume group and it says here, 173 00:09:54,679 --> 00:09:58,799 as the description says, creates a new VG on block devices. 174 00:09:58,799 --> 00:10:06,039 Now, one thing to note here is that even though we used the PV create command to be very explicit 175 00:10:06,039 --> 00:10:11,359 because again, we want to know how these tools work for the purposes of the examination, 176 00:10:11,359 --> 00:10:16,319 notice that if you happen to use block devices that have not previously been initialized 177 00:10:16,319 --> 00:10:22,919 as physical volumes with the PV create command, VG create will actually initialize them and 178 00:10:22,919 --> 00:10:24,120 make them PVs. 179 00:10:24,159 --> 00:10:28,879 So what I'm saying here is, is that even though we want to be aware of the PV create command 180 00:10:28,879 --> 00:10:35,320 and to be able to initialize it manually yourself, notice that the VG create command can actually 181 00:10:35,320 --> 00:10:36,960 do this for us automatically. 182 00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:39,560 So just understand this difference. 183 00:10:39,560 --> 00:10:42,639 And if we scroll on down, we're going to be able to see the different options that we 184 00:10:42,639 --> 00:10:44,519 can use with this command. 185 00:10:44,519 --> 00:10:46,799 Again, I always say read the man page. 186 00:10:46,799 --> 00:10:51,639 But for now, what we'll do is we will just dive in and create our first volume group. 187 00:10:51,679 --> 00:10:56,080 What I'll do here, as I will say, pseudo VG create. 188 00:10:56,080 --> 00:11:01,919 And the first thing that I want to do is I want to give my volume group a name. 189 00:11:01,919 --> 00:11:06,720 So I'll just call it my storage chunk, call this anything you wish though. 190 00:11:06,720 --> 00:11:08,879 There's nothing special about this name, obviously. 191 00:11:08,879 --> 00:11:15,039 And now what I want to do is I want to specify which physical volumes are going to be part 192 00:11:15,039 --> 00:11:16,879 of my volume group. 193 00:11:16,879 --> 00:11:20,360 Well, we have devsdb1. 194 00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:23,919 That is a PV that has been initialized and ready to go. 195 00:11:23,919 --> 00:11:31,000 I also want to add SDC1, the second disk, and the third one was SDD1. 196 00:11:31,000 --> 00:11:38,720 So if I hit Enter now, we can see a volume group called my storage chunk has now successfully 197 00:11:38,720 --> 00:11:39,720 been created. 198 00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:45,639 So you can imagine therefore, if I do a VG display, we're now going to see some information 199 00:11:45,639 --> 00:11:46,639 relating to this. 200 00:11:46,639 --> 00:11:48,240 So check this out then. 201 00:11:48,240 --> 00:11:51,879 We now have a volume group called my storage chunk. 202 00:11:51,879 --> 00:11:53,840 The format is LVM2. 203 00:11:53,840 --> 00:11:58,519 We can actually see it is comprised of three different physical volumes. 204 00:11:58,519 --> 00:12:01,840 And we can see the actual size of the VG. 205 00:12:01,840 --> 00:12:07,039 We now have a logical size of just over 1.3 gig, as I said. 206 00:12:07,039 --> 00:12:09,000 1.35, it happens to be. 207 00:12:09,000 --> 00:12:14,519 And we can cut this up in as many pieces as small or as large as we choose and format 208 00:12:14,519 --> 00:12:20,360 those pieces as we wish using different file systems if we need to use different file systems. 209 00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:26,360 So the next component, now that we have our volume group, are those logical volumes. 210 00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:30,519 That is the subdivisions that we can carve this volume group into. 211 00:12:30,519 --> 00:12:35,480 So can you maybe guess what the command is to actually see the output? 212 00:12:35,480 --> 00:12:40,759 If you happen to follow the same format and say LV display, you would be absolutely correct. 213 00:12:40,759 --> 00:12:45,519 And as we expect, we get that same amazing output of absolutely nothing. 214 00:12:45,519 --> 00:12:51,279 That is because of course, we haven't actually subdivided our volume group into logical volumes. 215 00:12:51,279 --> 00:12:52,679 So we will do that now. 216 00:12:52,679 --> 00:12:57,600 Again, can you maybe guess what the command is going to be if you say LVCreate? 217 00:12:57,600 --> 00:12:59,360 You would be absolutely correct. 218 00:12:59,360 --> 00:13:04,039 We can see here LVCreate allows us to create a logical volume. 219 00:13:04,039 --> 00:13:08,200 And again, of course, we can see all these different options and been able to name a 220 00:13:08,200 --> 00:13:10,360 particular logical volume. 221 00:13:10,360 --> 00:13:11,680 So one so forth. 222 00:13:11,680 --> 00:13:14,120 So again, have a skim through the man page. 223 00:13:14,120 --> 00:13:20,399 But for now, what I'll do is I'll just press Q to go back and let's try subdividing this 224 00:13:20,399 --> 00:13:21,440 volume group. 225 00:13:21,440 --> 00:13:24,039 So let's create our very first chunk. 226 00:13:24,039 --> 00:13:31,800 Okay, so I will say sudo LVCreate and I will say dash N to specify the name of the logical 227 00:13:31,800 --> 00:13:33,480 volume I want to create. 228 00:13:33,480 --> 00:13:39,039 I'll just call this one little chunk because it's going to be a little chunk from my volume 229 00:13:39,039 --> 00:13:40,039 group. 230 00:13:40,039 --> 00:13:42,719 What I want to do is to specify the size. 231 00:13:42,719 --> 00:13:48,159 Now if I want to specify a fixed size, I can use the dash capital L flag. 232 00:13:48,159 --> 00:13:53,319 I like to remember this as how large I want to make this size. 233 00:13:53,319 --> 00:13:56,639 And I'll just take a 50 meg chunk. 234 00:13:56,639 --> 00:14:00,719 Now whereabouts do I want to take my chunk from? 235 00:14:00,719 --> 00:14:04,799 I want to take it from my volume group, which is called my storage chunk. 236 00:14:04,919 --> 00:14:11,039 So if I hit enter, we can see the logical volume little chunk has now been created. 237 00:14:11,039 --> 00:14:18,439 So if I say sudo LVDisplay and to enter, we can see here, we have actually created little 238 00:14:18,439 --> 00:14:19,439 chunk. 239 00:14:19,439 --> 00:14:24,799 It's taken from my storage chunk and the size is around 50 meg. 240 00:14:24,799 --> 00:14:25,799 Perfect. 241 00:14:25,799 --> 00:14:27,879 So notice the actual path here. 242 00:14:27,879 --> 00:14:33,639 It's now shown the path is dev, then the name of the volume group and then the name 243 00:14:33,639 --> 00:14:35,840 of the logical volume. 244 00:14:35,840 --> 00:14:36,840 So check this out. 245 00:14:36,840 --> 00:14:42,240 What if I wanted to create another chunk from my storage chunk? 246 00:14:42,240 --> 00:14:46,960 Now what I did the first time, I specified a fixed size. 247 00:14:46,960 --> 00:14:47,960 Okay. 248 00:14:47,960 --> 00:14:49,639 I just said give me 50 meg. 249 00:14:49,639 --> 00:14:56,679 Now if you recall, I do believe the size of the volume group was 1.35 gig. 250 00:14:56,679 --> 00:14:59,000 We have now taken 50 meg from that. 251 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:02,879 So we should now have 1.3 gig left. 252 00:15:02,879 --> 00:15:07,879 If I do a sudo VG display, we can actually see allocated. 253 00:15:07,879 --> 00:15:13,879 We now have 52 meg and the free space is now 1.3 gig. 254 00:15:13,879 --> 00:15:14,879 Perfect. 255 00:15:14,879 --> 00:15:20,480 Now the first time, like I say, I specified a fixed size of around 50 meg. 256 00:15:20,480 --> 00:15:27,279 What if I just wanted to take what is left, i.e. the 1.3 gig and just take a percentage 257 00:15:27,279 --> 00:15:28,279 of that? 258 00:15:28,279 --> 00:15:32,840 Just say, okay, whatever I've got left, give me 50% of that or give me 30. 259 00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:33,800 30% of that. 260 00:15:33,800 --> 00:15:37,840 Well, I can actually still do that using the LVCreate command. 261 00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:39,399 The syntax is a little bit different. 262 00:15:39,399 --> 00:15:41,120 Let me show you what that looks like. 263 00:15:41,120 --> 00:15:44,720 We would do sudo LVCreate and I'll do N. 264 00:15:44,720 --> 00:15:46,879 Let's just call this one medium chunk. 265 00:15:46,879 --> 00:15:47,879 Okay. 266 00:15:47,879 --> 00:15:54,680 And now I will do dash lowercase L and I'll make this one 40% of the free space. 267 00:15:54,680 --> 00:15:58,120 So we now have 1.3 gig free. 268 00:15:58,120 --> 00:16:03,560 I want to take 40% of that 1.3 and assign it to medium chunk. 269 00:16:03,560 --> 00:16:06,919 Now, again, whereabouts am I going to take this chunk from? 270 00:16:06,919 --> 00:16:11,639 We're going to take it from the volume group called myStorageChunk. 271 00:16:11,639 --> 00:16:18,600 So if I hit enter, we can now see another logical volume has been carved out from myStorageChunk. 272 00:16:18,600 --> 00:16:25,560 So if we do sudo LVDisplay and hit enter, at the very top we see lilchunk. 273 00:16:25,559 --> 00:16:29,879 But now here we also have this new logical volume. 274 00:16:29,879 --> 00:16:31,039 It's called medium chunk. 275 00:16:31,039 --> 00:16:32,359 And again, notice the path. 276 00:16:32,359 --> 00:16:36,919 It's dev, then the volume group, and then the logical volume. 277 00:16:36,919 --> 00:16:38,599 Now check out the size of this. 278 00:16:38,599 --> 00:16:42,159 It is now 528 meg. 279 00:16:42,159 --> 00:16:46,199 That is actually 40% of 1.3 gig. 280 00:16:46,199 --> 00:16:55,159 Quick calculator, 1.3 gig times that would be 0.4 equals 0.52, otherwise known as 520 281 00:16:55,559 --> 00:16:56,159 meg. 282 00:16:56,159 --> 00:16:58,279 That is pretty much what we have got right here. 283 00:16:58,279 --> 00:16:58,839 See that? 284 00:16:58,839 --> 00:17:04,039 So this is obviously a very, very nice way for you to be able to manage the size of your chunk 285 00:17:04,039 --> 00:17:09,319 just by carving out neat little percentages of whatever is left over. 286 00:17:09,319 --> 00:17:13,879 So like I say, we want to be making a note of these locations. 287 00:17:13,879 --> 00:17:18,039 Dev myStorageChunk, lilchunk, and dev myStorageChunk, medium chunk. 288 00:17:18,039 --> 00:17:23,319 What we're now going to do is we're going to put a file system on these logical volumes. 289 00:17:23,319 --> 00:17:25,960 So what I'll do is I'll say MKFS. 290 00:17:25,960 --> 00:17:28,200 In fact, they'll use the sudo command MKFS. 291 00:17:28,200 --> 00:17:36,679 The first one I'll give an EXT3 file system, and I'll say dev myStorageChunk and then lilchunk. 292 00:17:36,679 --> 00:17:37,159 Perfect. 293 00:17:37,159 --> 00:17:39,079 So that is now being created. 294 00:17:39,079 --> 00:17:41,720 And we'll do the same for sudo MKFS. 295 00:17:41,720 --> 00:17:44,200 Let's give this one EXT4. 296 00:17:44,200 --> 00:17:47,319 And we'll say dev myStorageChunk. 297 00:17:47,319 --> 00:17:49,799 And this one is called medium chunk. 298 00:17:49,799 --> 00:17:52,439 And if we hit enter, that one is now done. 299 00:17:52,440 --> 00:17:59,559 If I do an LSBLK-F, we can see we have an LVM member two for this device and this partition. 300 00:17:59,559 --> 00:18:02,600 Same again with this one and our third one. 301 00:18:02,600 --> 00:18:13,240 But notice lilchunk right here has an EXT3 file system, whereas medium chunk here has an EXT4 file system. 302 00:18:13,240 --> 00:18:17,799 Now you will notice of course that neither of these file systems happen to be mounted. 303 00:18:17,799 --> 00:18:20,440 But we can do that no problem at all. 304 00:18:20,440 --> 00:18:23,000 So what I could do here is I could maybe make a directory. 305 00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:24,759 Let's just call this directory. 306 00:18:24,759 --> 00:18:26,519 Let's just call it small one. 307 00:18:26,519 --> 00:18:28,440 Oh, and I'll need to do sudo of course. 308 00:18:28,440 --> 00:18:30,759 So let's go to my root directory, do an LS. 309 00:18:30,759 --> 00:18:36,440 We can see we have the small one, directory, and I'll do sudo MKDR, medium one. 310 00:18:36,440 --> 00:18:37,400 There we are there. 311 00:18:37,400 --> 00:18:44,039 So let's mount these two logical volumes with different file systems in these different locations. 312 00:18:44,039 --> 00:18:45,960 So what I will say is sudo mounts. 313 00:18:45,960 --> 00:18:51,559 And the path of the first one will be dev my storage chunk for the volume group. 314 00:18:51,559 --> 00:18:54,920 And then the logical volume will be lilchunk. 315 00:18:54,920 --> 00:18:57,400 And whereabouts do I want to mount this? 316 00:18:57,400 --> 00:19:00,840 I'm going to mount it in the folder called small one. 317 00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:01,400 Perfect. 318 00:19:01,400 --> 00:19:07,880 And if I do something very similar with the second one also, sudo mount dev my storage chunk. 319 00:19:07,880 --> 00:19:09,480 And then medium chunk. 320 00:19:09,480 --> 00:19:13,319 And we will mount that in the medium one directory. 321 00:19:13,319 --> 00:19:13,720 Cool. 322 00:19:13,720 --> 00:19:17,400 So for now say mounts and I grep for just the word chunk. 323 00:19:17,400 --> 00:19:20,279 We can see here this is mounted now. 324 00:19:20,279 --> 00:19:25,000 I want you to notice here is that when this is mounted, the format looks a little bit different. 325 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:27,640 We do want to be aware of this location. 326 00:19:27,640 --> 00:19:31,160 forward slash dev forward slash mapper. 327 00:19:31,160 --> 00:19:36,759 And then it's going to be the name of the volume group separated with a hyphen. 328 00:19:36,759 --> 00:19:40,200 And then the name of the logical volume again. 329 00:19:40,279 --> 00:19:45,000 Dev mapper volume group hyphen logical volume. 330 00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:49,720 So now what we can do is I can go into say for example my small one directory. 331 00:19:49,720 --> 00:19:52,840 And I'll just create a file called file one dot txt. 332 00:19:52,840 --> 00:19:53,799 I'll just say this. 333 00:19:53,799 --> 00:19:57,480 In fact, I better go into sudo sudo file one dot txt. 334 00:19:57,480 --> 00:20:02,039 And I'll just say this is some data stored on lilchunk. 335 00:20:02,039 --> 00:20:09,559 So save you go back out and I could go into medium one gain sudo nano file two. 336 00:20:09,559 --> 00:20:12,679 So this is stored on medium chunk. 337 00:20:12,679 --> 00:20:14,279 Save you write it out. 338 00:20:14,279 --> 00:20:18,679 So as you can see here, what we've done is we've been able to take three different discs 339 00:20:18,679 --> 00:20:22,679 of three different sizes and combine them to make one big logical chunk. 340 00:20:22,679 --> 00:20:25,079 This was called my storage chunk. 341 00:20:25,079 --> 00:20:30,759 And then what I did was I was able to carve off a little slice called lilchunk. 342 00:20:30,759 --> 00:20:35,079 Give it a particular file system in that case ext three. 343 00:20:35,079 --> 00:20:38,519 And I could mount that file system in a particular directory. 344 00:20:38,519 --> 00:20:44,279 And I could begin populating this partition file system with data as I so needed. 345 00:20:44,279 --> 00:20:47,400 Now it just so happens again, I just put on a simple text file. 346 00:20:47,400 --> 00:20:51,160 But you can imagine you could put whatever type of data you wanted on. 347 00:20:51,160 --> 00:20:57,639 And then like I say, I happened to carve out another chunk from this that took up 40% 348 00:20:57,639 --> 00:21:02,599 of what was remaining after we created the first logical volume. 349 00:21:02,599 --> 00:21:06,200 And we were able to add a completely different file system on this one. 350 00:21:06,200 --> 00:21:07,720 Ext four. 351 00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:12,600 And just like we saw before, we were able to mount this and then add in data. 352 00:21:12,600 --> 00:21:17,160 Once again, the only data we added was simple text data. 353 00:21:17,160 --> 00:21:23,480 But there is nothing stopping you from adding images or grips or MP3 files, whatever you so need. 354 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:28,600 The point is, is we were able to aggregate that data from this, even though they had different sizes, 355 00:21:28,600 --> 00:21:34,120 create this big chunk and subdivide that chunk in as many ways as we wished. 356 00:21:34,119 --> 00:21:37,639 So as you can see here, LVM is very, very useful. 357 00:21:37,639 --> 00:21:42,359 The commands to be able to configure LVM are very, very similar when you're dealing with 358 00:21:42,359 --> 00:21:46,359 physical volumes, volume groups and logical volumes. 359 00:21:46,359 --> 00:21:50,679 But there are some more cool features that we want to explore with respect to LVM. 360 00:21:50,679 --> 00:21:53,319 We'll get to talk about those in the very next nugget. 361 00:21:53,319 --> 00:21:57,239 So I hope this has been informative for you and I'd like to thank you for viewing.