1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:17,879 Hey guys and welcome back. So the first tool or utility that I want to talk to you about 2 00:00:17,879 --> 00:00:25,219 with respect to our backup operations is the tar command. This is the tape archive utility. 3 00:00:25,219 --> 00:00:32,859 So we can with this tool ultimately group together files and or directories into one 4 00:00:32,859 --> 00:00:39,560 particular archived file otherwise known as a tar ball. Now like I say the original 5 00:00:39,560 --> 00:00:46,019 medium for this tool was going to be those magnetic tapes but we do not have to use such 6 00:00:46,019 --> 00:00:51,739 a medium of course. We can still get the benefits of the tar utility no matter where we want 7 00:00:51,740 --> 00:00:57,060 to copy our data to eventually. So when we use the tar command we have some particular 8 00:00:57,060 --> 00:01:03,219 options we have to know about the dash C flag is going to allow us to create an archive. 9 00:01:03,219 --> 00:01:08,140 This is going to be a very valuable one to understand. Whereas if we want to extract 10 00:01:08,140 --> 00:01:14,420 an archive we would use the dash X flag for extraction. If we want to list the contents 11 00:01:14,420 --> 00:01:19,859 of an archive we can use the dash T flag which is not very intuitive. You would expect something 12 00:01:19,900 --> 00:01:25,859 like say dash L but no in fact it is dash T. When we want to specify and target a particular 13 00:01:25,859 --> 00:01:31,659 file we will use the dash F flag to point to a particular file. Now when we want to 14 00:01:31,659 --> 00:01:37,659 actually extract the archive to another directory when we're doing the extraction we want to 15 00:01:37,659 --> 00:01:43,780 use dash capital C. So small case C is going to allow us to create an archive. Capital 16 00:01:43,780 --> 00:01:49,620 C is going to allow us to choose a directory to extract that archive to. Now you also may 17 00:01:49,660 --> 00:01:56,140 remember tar does not have to be used with compression but of course it very often is 18 00:01:56,140 --> 00:02:00,939 because this is very efficient. If we want to invoke different types of compression we 19 00:02:00,939 --> 00:02:08,099 have particular flags. The dash Z flag is going to allow us to use the GZ compression. 20 00:02:08,099 --> 00:02:14,939 Whereas the dash lowercase J that is going to allow us to use BZ2 base compression and 21 00:02:14,979 --> 00:02:21,460 if we want to use dash capital J that will allow us to use XZ compression. So how about 22 00:02:21,460 --> 00:02:27,300 we actually use this utility and try some backups then. So what we'll do here is I'll 23 00:02:27,300 --> 00:02:33,780 go to my command line here we have right here. Now remember we talked about in the very first 24 00:02:33,780 --> 00:02:38,860 nugget some of the locations whereby we would want to backup. So that may be things like 25 00:02:38,860 --> 00:02:45,860 the etsy directory. It also may be your actual home directory. We also might want to go into 26 00:02:45,860 --> 00:02:52,860 the var directory and backup maybe say the mail file or perhaps maybe backup the backups 27 00:02:52,860 --> 00:02:58,380 directory. So how about we actually give an example of doing such a thing then. So I'll 28 00:02:58,380 --> 00:03:02,540 go back to my main directory right here and what I will do is I will say tar and I will 29 00:03:02,539 --> 00:03:10,139 use dash C that's going to create an archive. We will use V to be verbose. We will use dash 30 00:03:10,139 --> 00:03:17,979 lowercase J. This means that the archive will be filtered via the BZ2 compression and we'll 31 00:03:17,979 --> 00:03:23,739 use F to target a particular file IE. What will the file actually be called. So what I'll call 32 00:03:23,739 --> 00:03:31,099 this is just simply backup and I'll give it the extension TBZ. That is because it's going to be a 33 00:03:31,180 --> 00:03:37,819 tar ball with BZ compression. Keep things nice and clear and now what I want to do is to specify 34 00:03:37,819 --> 00:03:46,219 what it is I actually want to backup. So I could target say for example the home IPv0 directory. 35 00:03:46,219 --> 00:03:53,579 I could target the var log directory as well as maybe the var mail directory and maybe say the var 36 00:03:53,579 --> 00:03:59,819 backup directory and maybe say also the etsy directory. So these are all the targets that I 37 00:03:59,819 --> 00:04:04,859 want to include. So if I just hit enter check this out. What we're actually going to be doing here 38 00:04:04,859 --> 00:04:10,939 is creating this particular archive. So this may take a little bit of time. Oh and we actually 39 00:04:10,939 --> 00:04:15,739 have a failure status. This will no doubt be because I need to have super user privileges to 40 00:04:15,739 --> 00:04:21,740 access some of these locations. So what I'll do here is I'll just delete this backup. Let's go up 41 00:04:21,740 --> 00:04:27,899 the errors. Let's arrow up and I'll use super user privileges. Type in my password. Try that again. 42 00:04:27,899 --> 00:04:33,259 Okay perfect. So now we actually don't get our errors and we can see here we actually have 43 00:04:33,819 --> 00:04:41,019 our backup tar ball which is being compressed with BZ compression. Now like I say if I wanted to 44 00:04:41,019 --> 00:04:48,060 extract this backup then I could do that using the X flag. Now also if I wanted to target a 45 00:04:48,060 --> 00:04:54,539 particular backup directory let's maybe create a directory just called my backups. Now we have 46 00:04:54,620 --> 00:05:00,379 this new directory right here. What I can now do is I can use that same command tar. This time I'm 47 00:05:00,379 --> 00:05:06,460 not going to say dash C to create a directory or to create an archive. Should I say I'm going to use 48 00:05:06,460 --> 00:05:14,060 dash X to extract a tar ball and I will use V to be verbose. You want to use J because it is using 49 00:05:14,060 --> 00:05:22,379 BZ to compression and I will say F to target the file and now just specify the file backup.tbz. Now 50 00:05:22,379 --> 00:05:27,420 I actually want to extract this to a particular location. My backups. Can you remember the flag 51 00:05:27,420 --> 00:05:33,659 we're going to use to extract to a particular directory that is going to be dash capital C 52 00:05:33,659 --> 00:05:41,100 and now I can just give the path of home IPv0 my backups. So if I hit enter this is going to 53 00:05:41,100 --> 00:05:45,980 extract all this information which will take a little bit of time and it's going to dump that 54 00:05:45,980 --> 00:05:52,620 information into that directory. Okay so if we do an LS we can see what we have here if I go into 55 00:05:52,620 --> 00:05:58,939 my backups now. I do an LS check this out we actually have my home directory the var directory 56 00:05:58,939 --> 00:06:04,460 and the exit directory so if I go into say for example CD var we don't have all the contents 57 00:06:04,460 --> 00:06:10,220 of that but we do have the directories or the sub directories that we actually targeted say for 58 00:06:10,220 --> 00:06:15,180 example the mail that we wanted to backup the log as well as the backups directory and again if we 59 00:06:15,180 --> 00:06:20,939 go into these particular folders we can do an LS we can see we have all of these particular files 60 00:06:20,939 --> 00:06:28,220 which are here and again go into log LS all these files we go back out same if I go into my home 61 00:06:28,220 --> 00:06:34,620 directory we see the IPv0 directory and again we have a backup of my directory structure right here. 62 00:06:34,620 --> 00:06:39,740 So as we can see here using the tar command it's going to be very valuable when we want to target 63 00:06:39,740 --> 00:06:44,780 particular files and directories for backup we can ultimately group everything together 64 00:06:44,859 --> 00:06:51,739 into one nice neat file and we can extract that file or if we want we can share that file or 65 00:06:51,739 --> 00:06:57,179 transfer that file to another server. Now how on earth would we actually go about transferring 66 00:06:57,179 --> 00:07:02,379 this file to say for example another remote server? Well the good news is that that is what we're going 67 00:07:02,379 --> 00:07:06,619 to be talking about in the very next nuggets I hope this has been informative for you and I'd like 68 00:07:06,620 --> 00:07:11,259 thank you for viewing.