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Hey guys and welcome back. So in the previous nugget we had learned how we could use the

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tar utility to create a backup archive and we talked about how we could actually move

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that archive potentially to other remote servers. Now how on earth would we actually

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invoke this behavior? What tools do we have available for us? Well the reality is the

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big tool for this is one called R-Sync. Now what R-Sync is, it really is a tool for remote

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synchronization hence the name. Basically it's going to be used to copy and to synchronize

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different files and directories between a local server and a remote server. Now one of the cool

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features of the R-Sync utility is that it's not going to do a full copy of the data that we're

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trying to sync between say server one and server two. Similar to what we talked about before with

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respect to incremental backups and differential backups, instead when we happen to use R-Sync,

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R-Sync will efficiently only copy over files that need to be copied over IE if we happen to make a

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copy from server one to server two and then we happen to add a new file to server one,

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let's just say file one dot txt. If we happen to sync our data back over, because the only difference

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here is file one dot txt, that is the only thing that is new here that is not present over here

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already. The only thing that is going to be sent over via R-Sync is this file right here. So this

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is going to be nice and lightweight and nice and efficient. So an important flag we have to

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understand for the purposes of using the R-Sync utility is this dash A flag. This is for archive

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and this is going to be very useful when we want to be copying over multiple files and directories

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and say for example files within those directories. Using the archive flag is going to allow us to

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preserve a lot of valuable information such as the actual permissions of those files will be retained

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and copied over as well as the file ownership so on so forth. Now we also have additional options,

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we can use dash N to perform what is called a dry run IE. Just simulate the changes that would happen

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IE, don't actually copy over, just give us a summary of what you would copy over if you're going to do

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it for real. So this can be a good way for us to check what is actually in sync between our local

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server and the remote server without actually taxing the network or changing anything on any of the

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storage devices and much like the dash A flag whereby we can recursively copy files whilst

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keeping permissions and ownership. If we use the dash R flag we get that recursive copy IE will

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actually copy over the directory and the sub directories and the files within however we will

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not keep the ownership and the permissions and we can also use flags such as dash Z to invoke

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compression and we can also use dash H to output the information in a human readable format. So a lot

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of really cool and useful options with this command so with that said how about we dive in and look

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at this tool in action then. Okay so what I actually want to do is let me just close down my SSH

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session and I'll open my machine up right here. What I'm going to do is I'm going to open up

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another machine that I'm going to copy my data to. So what I'll do is I'll go to my virtual box

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and what I'll do is I'll power on one of my Ubuntu machines which is on the same network. Okay just

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give this a moment and in the meantime I'll log in to my device on the right here. Okay so here

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is my other device online what I'll do is I'll just log into this one as well type in my password.

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Okay so on the left hand side here what I will do is an IP adder to see my IP address. We can

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actually see the IP address is 192.1680.44. If I open up my terminal here and I do an IP adder

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we can see I am in 192.1680.65 so we're on the same network. Let's try to ping this device here so

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I'll ping 192.1680.44 and we can actually see we do have reachability. Now what I want to do here

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is if I do an LS we can actually see this particular backup file that we just created

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in the previous Nuggets. I want to actually transfer that information or that file should I say

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over to this remote server. So what I'll do here is I'll clear the screen here. Now the command that

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I'm going to do is going to be rsync and I'm going to say v for verbosity I will say dash z for compression

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I will do dash h to have human readable output and now specify the actual file I want to copy

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so that will be backup dot tbz. Now what I need to do is I need to specify whereabouts I want to

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copy this to. Now before I do anything what I should say is that I want to be able to log in

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to this machine here on the left. So on the left here I have a user of ipv0 and I'm going to need

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to know the password for this particular machine right here. Now another thing we need to know

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is whereabouts do we want to copy this to. So what I'll actually do here is I'll create a directory

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here I'll just call this directory test backup okay so we can do ls here is this particular

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directory and if I happen to go into this directory actually I'll just dive in I do a pwd

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this is the location I want to be copying this to. So what I will do here I'll say rsync I will do v

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zh as I said before specify the file backup dot tbz. Now what I need to do is to log in to that

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machine on the left so I'll log in as ipv0 and I will say at and I'll give that machine's ip

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address which I believe is 192.168.0. was that 44 I think yep 0.44 and now what I'm going to do is to

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do a colon and then specify the path where I actually want to copy this file to. So what is the path the

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path on the left is going to be this particular path here so I'll say home ipv0 test backup. Now if I

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enter now what I'm going to have to do is to type in the password for the machine on the left okay so

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I'll type in that password and we can see here the file has been copied and we can see the size of the

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file that was indeed sent. So now if I do an ls on the left and this directory notice we actually

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have a copy of this tarball which of course what we could do is we could extract this as we did in

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the previous nugget we can say tarxvjf and specify the name of the file which is backup dot tbz if

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I hit enter this is now going to extract all this information give it some time okay so that is now

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finished if I do an ls we can see we have these directory structures I can go into say for example

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the var directory as we did before we do an ls we have all of this information that we saved from

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the machine on the right now copied and in this form extracted to the machine on the left very

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very cool so what I'll do here is I'll go back to my home directory here and what I will also do

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is I will use rsync with the dash a flag this is the archive flag this is going to allow it to be

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able to copy multiple files and directories as opposed to a single tarball whilst keeping

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all of the permissions and ownership in place so what I'll do here I'll just create a new directory

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and I'll just call this one blattest and I'll cd into blattest and I'll just create some files I'll

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touch file 1, file 2 and file 3 okay so what I want to do here is I actually want to copy the

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contents of blattest and those three files within so what I will do is I'll say rsync and I'll say

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dash a this time the archive flag and then I'll just do as I did before vzh and then I'll specify

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what it is I want to copy over which is blattest and then I'll specify where it is I want to copy

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it so I'll say ipv0 at 192 168 0.44 and actually let me just create a new directory I'll just call

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this random dump so I'll do my column and I'll say home ipv0 and it's going to random dump and if I

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hit enter I'll type in the password for the machine on the left hit enter again now we can see here

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we actually have this incremental copy so if I do an ls and I go into random dump I do an ls we can

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see here we actually have these three files now the cool thing is is if I go into my blattest once

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again and I just create a new file just call this one file 4 and I go back out and if I arrow up and I

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run the same command i.e copy the same folder blattest and I hit enter type in my passwords hit

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enter again notice the only file that was sent over was file 4 because file 1 2 and 3 already existed

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so the only thing that had to be sent was the difference i.e the change in the contents if I

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do an ls now suddenly we now see file 4 has indeed been copied over ok dox as you can see here the

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rsync utility is very very useful for being able to transfer our backup data between different systems

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and it works in this incremental fashion ok dox I hope this has been informative for you and I'd

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like to thank you for viewing