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Hey everyone and welcome back. So now what I want to talk to you about is the concept

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of modules within Apache. So as we know, the Apache server ultimately allows us to present

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web pages to particular users that may be internal users or external users. And the

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way this is done is that Apache is ultimately going to be dealing with HTML. Now the reality

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is HTML is of course very widely used on the web. But what if we want to have additional

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functionality added to our server? Well if we want additional functionality, we can get

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this via the use of particular modules. Because in effect, all a module is going to do, it's

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going to add that functionality and allow you to just simply plug it in so to speak. IE

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you download a particular module and this code is going to give you that particular feature

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set that you are looking for. So say for example you wanted to introduce something like say

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PHP code which is different from HTML. If Apache is designed to ingest HTML, how are

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you going to be able to get it to work with PHP? The answer to that is to use an Apache

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PHP module. And this is exactly what the purpose of the module is all about. What we can do

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then is if we download say for example a PHP module and there are many more modules than

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that we don't have to use this but let's take this as an example. This means that we can

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present a particular file like our index.html, we can create an index.php file and that file

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can ultimately be ingested by the PHP module and that is going to effectively convert that

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code into HTML which is natively understood by the Apache 2 engine. So this really is

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super super cool. So let me give you an example of how this will look then shall I? So what

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I will do is I will go back to that same directory that we saw before. I'll go into CD, my var

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directory, my www and then my HTML page. Now as we can see here we have this index.html

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file. For now what I'll do is I'll just remove this for now, type in my password, there we

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go. So it's no longer there. And what I will do is I will create an index.php file, so

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I'll say sudo nanoindex.php. Okay so all I've done is create some very basic PHP. All I

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have here are my HTML tags, I'm specifying HTML, we have our opening tag, then our closing

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tag, we have our body tag and then our closing body tag and then within here we can actually

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see we have some PHP code. Now the functionality of this PHP code as you can see here is not

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exactly groundbreaking, it is fairly simple but all I'm trying to highlight here is that

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ordinarily this is actually not going to be interpreted correctly by Apache, thus it's

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not going to render correctly. So like I say what I'll do is I'll just save this and I'll

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exit out and now what I'll do is I'll go to that web page. So now I've browsed to the

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web page here, look at this, look at how this is actually being presented on the screen,

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this is clearly not actually rendering the correct way that we want to see, we actually

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see the echo command here, you know it's kind of a mess. So what we want to do now is we

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want to install that PHP module to give us this functionality so that our Apache server

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can also handle PHP code and translate it into HTML which it can render. So this is what

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I'm going to do then I'll go back to my terminal here and all I'm going to do is I'm going

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to say sudo apt install lib apache 2 and this is of course for Debian based systems which

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I am on right now and I'm going to say mod hyphen PHP basically get the PHP module for

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Apache. So if I hit enter here and I say yes the installation is going to happen right

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now so we begin unpacking the packages and now as we can see here we've actually set

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up our Apache 2 module for PHP so this means that this functionality that we actually see

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here, again if we go back in to our index.php this PHP code functionality should now be correctly

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interpreted so let's go back and try reloading that web page then. So I'll go back here and

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I'll just refresh the page and look at this again nothing groundbreaking here but notice

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that the echo commands are not being presented on the screen they're actually being interpreted

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correctly as commands i.e. things to echo onto our web page and the actual formatting

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has been corrected again nothing special about this web page it is super super basic but

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the concept remains the same if you want to add functionality to our Apache server we

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can do so via these types of modules. So let's actually go and explore these modules a little

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bit further then so what I'll do is I'll go back to my command line and I'll just escape

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out here clear the screen now I'll go back to that directory etsy apache 2 now remember

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we have these different directories here the mods available and the mods enabled if I go

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into the mods available right here and I do an ls-l and I happen to grep for PHP we can

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actually see here these particular modules these are the modules for PHP 7.2 as we can

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see here that we just have downloaded giving us this PHP functionality now we happen to

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know that the PHP module is working because suddenly our web page is being rendered correctly

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using the PHP code but if you want to be able to quickly check this we could go into the

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mods enabled folder to see if it actually is indeed enabled so I can cd out of this directory

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and I go into the mods enabled directory I can do an ls-l and I can grep for PHP once again

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and as we can see here the sim links are indeed present and pointing to those particular configuration

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files within the mods available directory this tells us that these sim links are active and

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confirms what we already know that the PHP module is indeed active indeed so really for the purposes

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of the examination understand that our Apache web server whilst it might seem simple and almost

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limited in what it can do understand that we can expand the feature set of what the actual server

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is capable of by introducing these particular modules that add very specific functionality

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to that web server ok doc so that is us for our introduction into Apache modules I hope this

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has been informative for you and I'd like to thank you for viewing

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you